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Open Access
EVALUATION OF ESTRUS PARAMETERS, CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL AND HORMONAL PROFILES IN REPEAT BREEDING ONGOLE COWS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2024-02) UDAYA KIRAN ALLADA; CHANDRA PRASAD .B (MAJOR); SUNNY PRAVEEN .K; KAMALAKAR .G
The present study was conducted in follicular cyst affected Ongole cows, which were presented to the Gynaecological unit, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh during the study period from November 2022 to October 2023. A thorough analysis was conducted on both day 0 and day 10 in normal cyclic (n=10) and follicular cyst affected Ongole cows (n=10). Various parameters including estrus characteristics, haemato-biochemical values, and hormonal profiles were meticulously examined, recorded and subsequently compared between the groups. The prevalence of cystic ovaries in Ongole cattle experiencing repeated breeding was recorded as 21.3 per cent, with follicular cysts comprising 13.3 per cent of the cases. In the current study, the occurrence of follicular cysts in Ongole cows was 20 per cent in second parity, 30 per cent in third parity and 50 per cent in four and above parities, respectively. Results revealed that duration of estrus (51.9 hrs) was significantly (P<0.01) longer and estrous cycle length (15.9 days) was significantly (P<0.01) shorter in follicular cystic compared to normal cyclic cows. Further, most of the follicular cystic cows exhibited an intense estrus compared to intermediate estrus in normal cyclic cows. The majority of follicular cystic cows exhibited a pH ranging between 7-8 with a non-significantly (P>0.05) lower spinbarkeit value and typical fern pattern in their cervico-vaginal mucus. Further, they displayed clinical signs like nymphomania (40%), sterility hump (60%), mucometra (30%), copious vaginal discharges (70%), pneumovagina (40%) and estrual prolapse (20%). On day 0, the average diameter (cm) of dominant and cystic follicles in normal cyclic and follicular cystic cows was 1.06±0.06 and 1.86±0.07 cm, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean diameter of cystic follicles on day 10 was 1.93±0.07. Significantly (P<0.05) lower levels of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and slight leukocytopenia with neutrophilia, lymphopenia, mild monocytopenia and a non-significant variation in basophil count were recorded in follicular cystic compared to normal cyclic cows on both days. Significantly (P<0.05) higher serum glucose, total protein and a non significantly (P>0.05) higher serum cholesterol concentration was recorded in cows afflicted with follicular cysts compared to normal cyclicity on both days. A significantly (P<0.05) higher and lower levels of serum progesterone on day 0 and day 10, respectively was observed in follicular cystic compared to normal cyclic cows. Whereas, significantly (P<0.05) higher serum cortisol level was recorded in follicular cystic compared to normal cyclic cows on both days. A significant (P<0.01) rise in serum progesterone level was noted in normal cyclic cows on day 10 in contrast to day 0 with no significant difference in follicular cystic cows. While, a non-significant decrease (P>0.05) in serum cortisol was noted in normal cyclic cows on day 10 compared to day 0, with no significant variation observed in follicular cystic cows.
Open Access
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF OPU AND IN-VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION BETWEEN GIR AND ONGOLE (Bos indicus) DONORS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2024-01) RAJ KUMAR RAGALA; MUTHA RAO .M (MAJOR); SRINIVAS MANDA; SRINIVASA PRASAD .CH
Ultrasound guided transvaginal follicular aspiration (TVFA), also known as ovum pick up (OPU) to collect oocytes from live cows for in-vitro embryo production (IVEP) has opened up greater possibilities to exploit productive and reproductive potential of the valuable donor. The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of ovum pick-up (OPU) and In-vitro embryo production rate between Ongole and Gir breed cows. Gir (n=6) and Ongole (n=12) cows were assigned to group 1 and group 2, respectively and all the animals were subjected to FSH pre-stimulation before OPU. The mean number of follicles available for aspiration (43.89 ± 5.38 vs 41.58 ± 5.97) did not vary between groups. Size distribution of follicles indicate that small (< 4mm) and large (>8 mm) sized follicles were lower and medium (4-8 mm) sized follicles were higher in both the groups. The mean number of follicles aspirated (34.17 ± 4.80 – group 1 vs. 27.42 ± 5.09 – group 2) and the COCs recovered (18.17 ± 5.90 – group 1 vs. 16.0 ± 3.90 – group 2) did not vary between groups. A total of 109 and 192 COCs were recovered in group 1 and 2, respectively. Of the total COCs recovered, higher percentage was of viable in group 1 (100%) than in group 2 (90.63%), but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). However, significantly lower percentage of non-viable COCs were obtained in group 1 (0%) than in group 2 (9.37%). The overall mean blastocyst development rate was non significantly higher in group 1 (52.15 %) than group 2 (35.82%). The mean number of embryos produced per cow was 11.33 ± 4.99 in group 1 and 6.50 ± 2.26 in group 2. It was concluded that the efficacy of OPU was not affected by breed as both Gir and Ongole belong to Bos indicus category with similar follicular population available at aspiration. However, higher viable oocyte yield in Gir breed eventually resulted in more number of blastocysts per OPU in this breed.
Open Access
GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF BUFFALOES AFFECTED WITH UTERINE TORSION
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2023-08) SREEHARI REDDY .R; SUNNY PRAVEEN .K (MAJOR); SRINIVAS MANDA; HARI KRISHNA .N.V.V; SRINIVASA PRASAD .CH
The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression pattern of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of buffaloes affected with uterine torsion. Graded Murrah buffaloes (n=104) with various forms of dystocia were examined and the occurrence of dystocia due to maternal and foetal causes in the present study was recorded to be 80.76 and 19.23%, respectively. Uterine torsion was the most common and prevalent cause of maternal dystocia, accounting for 94.04% of cases of maternal dystocia and 75.96% of all dystocia’s reported. The occurrence of uterine torsion was more in pluriparous buffaloes (70.89%) and at term (60.76%). Occurrence of uterine torsion was predominant towards right-side (92.40%) and post cervical (82.27%). Successful detorsion was achieved by Modified Schaffer’s method in 82.27% of affected cases (65/79). Regarding the survival rate, 94.94% dams and 35.38% foetus have survived. Buffaloes with successful detorsion gave birth to 60% male and 40% female calves. Haematological parameters associated with uterine torsion affected buffaloes (n=6) were evaluated and compared with normal calved buffaloes (n=6). Blood picture revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in total leucocyte count, neutrophil count and significant (P<0.05) reduction in haemoglobin, lymphocyte count and further recorded a non-significant (P>0.05) reduction in packed cell volume in uterine torsion affected buffaloes when compared to normal calved buffaloes. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in total protein and albumin levels and showed significant (P<0.05) increase in BUN levels in uterine torsion affected buffaloes when compared to normal calved buffaloes. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in levels of globulin while significantly (P<0.01) higher levels of creatinine were recorded in uterine torsion affected buffaloes. Blood samples were collected to investigate the mRNA expression patterns of inflammatory cytokine(s). The RT-qPCR results revealed that the expression of the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10) were up-regulated in uterine torsion affected buffaloes compared with normal calved buffaloes. The expression of TNF-α and IL-10 showed up-regulation with 1.83 and 2.27 fold changes, respectively in uterine torsion affected buffaloes. Further, the expression of the Heat Shock Proteins (HSP-70 and HSP- 90) were also up-regulated in uterine torsion affected buffaloes compared with normal calved buffaloes. The expression of HSP-70 and HSP-90 showed up-regulation with 2.03 and 2.12 fold changes, respectively in uterine torsion affected buffaloes. In conclusion, uterine torsion had a substantial impact on haemato-biochemical indicators in Graded Murrah buffaloes. Furthermore, it was clearly evident from the results of present study that upregulation of expression occurred in certain genes such as TNF--α, IL-10, HSP-70 and HSP-90 in uterine torsion affected buffaloes compared to eutocia buffaloes that indicated tissue injury and stress, and they could be used as a scale for evaluation of prognosis and initiation of early treatment.
Open Access
INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION IN FETAL DYSTOCIA vis-à-vis NORMALLY CALVED BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2023-07) VENKATA SAI BHAVYA CHARITHA .B; CHANDRA PRASAD .B (MAJOR); SUNNY PRAVEEN .K; KAMALAKAR .G; SRINIVASA PRASAD .CH
The present study was conducted in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes, which were presented to the obstetrical unit, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh during the study period from January 2022 to December 2022. Detailed obstetrical examination were performed in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes (n=21) and various forms of fetal dystocia were recorded. Fetal dystocia was recorded in 6 primiparous (28.57%) and 15 pluriparous (71.43%) buffaloes. The condition was observed for 6 hours in 19.05 per cent, 12-24 hours in 66.67 per cent and >36 hours in 14.28 per cent of the buffaloes, respectively before they were presented for treatment. 90.48 per cent of fetuses were delivered in anterior longitudinal presentation and 9.52 per cent of the fetuses were delivered in posterior longitudinal presentation. The fetal cause of dystocia included limb flexion (42.86%), head deviation (33.33%), fetal emphysema (14.29%), fetal monsters (4.76%) and fetal ascites (4.76%). Male and female calves were born at 66.67 and 33.33 per cent, respectively among them, 23.81 and 76.19 per cent were live and dead, respectively. Out of 21 fetal dystocia affected buffaloes, six buffaloes of distinct parities were utilized in the study and compared with six eutocia buffaloes which were reared in and around Gannavaram. Further, variations in haemato-biochemical parameters and gene expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines and heat shock proteins were analyzed and compared between the buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia. Significantly (P<0.05) lower levels of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) were observed in between the buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia, while leukocytosis with neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia and eosinopenia were recorded in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes when compared with normally calved buffaloes. Non-significant variations were recorded in serum total plasma protein and blood urea nitrogen concentrations in between the buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia. Significantly (P<0.05) higher albumin and globulin concentration were observed in buffaloes afflicted with fetal dystocia than eutocia. Significantly (P<0.01) higher creatinine and albumin: globulin ratio was observed in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes than normally calved buffaloes. Further results indicated that the mRNA expression of certain inflammatory mediators such as TNFα (pro-inflammatory cytokine), IL10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine), HSP70 and HSP90 were all significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes compared to control animals.
Open Access
DYSTOCIA INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN EWES (Ovis aries)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-08) PREETHI, J; PRABHAKAR RAO, K(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; SREENU, MAKKENA
The present study was undertaken in dystocia affected ewes, which were presented to the Obstetrical unit, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics. Detailed obstetrical examinations were performed in referral dystocia cases of ewes (n=84) and the incidences of maternal and fetal dystocia were recorded and analysed. Further, biochemical and oxidative parameters were recorded and compared between dystocia affected (Group 1, n=6) and normally lambed (Group 2, n=6) ewes at presentation (0 hrs) and after treatment (24 hrs). The incidences of maternal and fetal dystocia in the present study were 64.29% and 35.71%, respectively among the cases presented between January 2020 to December 2021. Uterine torsion was the most common maternal cause of dystocia, accounting for an incidence of 70.38% among all the maternal dystocia cases with an overall incidence of 45.24% among all the dystocia cases. Higher numbers of pluriparous ewes (63.15%) presented to the referral center at 24-36 hrs after existence suffered from right sided uterine torsion (84.22%) and delivered higher number of male fetuses (73.68%) in anterior longitudinal presentation (84.21%) and dorso-sacral to dorso-ilial position. Fetal dystocia (35.72%) also occurred more frequently in pluriparous ewes (66.67%) and higher percentage of fetuses were in anterior longitudinal presentation (86.66%) with limb flexions and most of them were dead (80.00%). Biochemical parameters recorded in the present study revealed that the activity of ALT (IU/L) was significantly (P≤0.01) higher, whereas AST (IU/L) was non-significantly higher in dystocia affected ewes when compared to the eutocia ewes at the time of presentation (0 hrs). Significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the total protein, albumin and globulin concentration in dystocia affected ewes were observed when compared with the eutocia ewes at the time of presentation (0 hrs). While, a non-significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the levels of mean albumin to globulin ratio in dystocia affected and normally lambed ewes. Oxidative stress parameters recorded in the present study revealed that MDA activity was increased in dystocia affected ewes, whereas SOD and GPx activity were decreased as compared to eutocic ewes. It was concluded that evaluation of ALT, AST, total protein with oxidative parameters (MDA, SOD, GSH-Px) could be used as indicators for the severity of the condition and to predict the prognosis of dystocia. Assessment of oxidative and antioxidant parameters were necessary to initiate emergency care and to attempt early treatment of dystocia to improve the prognosis and for prompt recovery.
Open Access
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF IMMUNOMODULATORS IN SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS OF CROSSBRED COWS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-08) LEELA MANI, B; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; SREENU, MAKKENA
The present investigation was conducted to assess the clinical recovery from subclinical endometritis following the treatment with double prostaglandin injections (Group 1; n=10) and intrauterine infusion of E. coli LPS (Group 2; n=10) in comparison with phosphate buffer saline (Group 3; n=10) in crossbred cows by pH and uterine discharge cytology. The characterization of repeat breeding in crossbred cows (n=105) based on per-rectal palpation of the reproductive tract, revealed that 13.33% had cystic ovarian degeneration, 68.57% had endometritis, 5.72% had mucometra/ hydrometra, 11.43% had kinked or fibrosed cervix and 0.95% had uterine adhesions. Of which, endometritis was the most common cause with an occurrence of 68.57 (72/105) per cent. Occurrence of subclinical endometritis based on per rectal examination, appearance of cervico-vaginal mucus (score), pH and uterine discharge cytology was 63.89, 63.89, 58.33 and 51.39 per cent, respectively. While, occurrence of clinical endometritis was 36.11, 36.11, 41.67 and 48.61 per cent, respectively. Subclinical endometritis could be diagnosed preliminarily based on pH and appearance of cervico-vaginal mucus. Uterine discharge cytology by aspiration technique and staining with Field’s stain could be easily performed at field level. Biochemical cues (metabolites, enzymes and minerals) revealed that variations in serum at post-treatment estrus as compared to pretreatment estrus values indicated the clearing of uterine infection after therapy. In the present study, intrauterine infusion of E.coli LPS (100 μg) yielded promising recovery (90.00%) and conception rates (88.88%) in the treatment of subclinical endometritis affected crossbred cows as compared to double prostaglandin injections (80.00% Vs 62.50%)and intrauterine infusion of phosphate buffer saline (30.00% Vs 33.33%). In conclusion, therapy with E.coli LPS could be effectively used as an alternative to traditional intrauterine antibiotic therapy or antimicrobial agents with better efficacy to cure the subclinical endometritis by promoting uterine defense mechanism.
Open Access
HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS IN DYSTOCIA AFFECTED EWES (0vis aries)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-07) ANUSHA, D; CHANDRA PRASAD, B(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; DEVI PRASAD
The present study entitled “Haemato-biochemical variations in dystocia affected ewes (Ovis aries)” was conducted by analyzing data of cases presented to the Obstetrical unit, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh during the period from February 2020 to November 2021. The percentage of incidence of maternal and fetal dystocia in the present study was 64.28 and 35.72, respectively. The maternal causes of dystocia included uterine torsion (70.38%), incomplete cervical dilation (25.92%) and hydrallantois (3.70%). The fetal causes of dystocia included deviation of head (33.37%), fetal monster (6.66%), fetal emphysema (6.66%), carpal flexion (20%), shoulder flexion (13.33%), hip flexion (6.66%), hock flexion (6.66%) and simultaneous presentation (6.66%). In the present study, out of 84 dystocia affected ewes, 12 ewes of distinct parities were utilized in the study and divided into two groups, (1) maternal dystocia (n=6), (2) fetal dystocia (n=6) and compared with eutocia (normal parturition) (n=6) ewes reared at Livestock Farm Complex, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram. Further, haemato-biochemical variations were recorded and compared between the groups and within the groups at presentation (0 hrs) and after treatment (24 hrs). No significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between the groups for haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count, while leucocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia were recorded in dystocic ewes when compared to eutocic ewes. A significantly (P<0.05) higher glucose levels were observed in dystocic ewes compared to eutocic ewes. The dystocic ewes showed significantly (P<0.05) lower mean serum calcium and phosphorus than those in levels compared to eutocic group. A significantly (P<0.05) higher BUN levels were observed in dystocic ewes compared to eutocic ewes. No significant (P<0.05) difference was observed in mean serum creatinine concentrations among three groups of animals.
Open Access
EFFECT OF EDTA-TRIS ADJUVANT TO ANTIBIOTIC IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS IN BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-06) JAMES FRANCIS, CHRISTO; SRINIVAS, M(MAJOR); Chandra Prasad, B; Hari Krishna, N.V.V
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Ceftriaxone Tazobactam+Normal saline (Group I, n=10), Ceftriaxone Tazobactam+EDTA-Tris (Group II, n=10) and EDTA-Tris (Group III, n=10) in the treatment of subclinical endometritis in postpartum Graded Murrah buffaloes. Buffaloes (n=65) presented with the history of repeat breeding were screened by per rectal examination of the genital tract, followed with assessment of cervico-vaginal mucus score, pH, uterine discharge sample optical density and uterine discharge cytology. Assessment of risk factors responsible for development of endometritis revealed that, pluriparous buffaloes with poor body condition score and maintained under poor housing hygiene had greater risk for occurrence of endometritis. Occurrence of symmetrical uterine horns with normal consistency and thick and heavy uterine horns with extra curvature upon per rectal examination were 72.31 (47/65) and 27.69 per cent (18/65), respectively. The 47 endometritic buffaloes with normal, symmetrical uterine horns were further screened for subclinical endometritis by assessment of cervico-vaginal mucus score, which revealed that 38 (80.85%) buffaloes showed clear mucus discharge of score 0. The pH of cervical mucus was moderately alkaline (7.5 to 8.0) in a high proportion of buffaloes (65.79%) which were suspected of subclinical endometritis. Occurrence of subclinical endometritis (cutoff >0.031 to 0.043) and clinical endometritis (cutoff >0.043) based on optical density measurement at 620 nm was 84.21 and 15.79 per cent, respectively. The results showed that out of the 32 buffaloes evaluated for cytological evidence 93.75% of buffaloes showed ≥5 to 10% and >10 to 15 % PMN cells, while 2 (6.25%) showed >15 per cent PMN cells. Ceftriaxone Tazobactam had shown highest sensitivity (65.0%) upon ABST and it was selected for therapeutic trails by intrauterine route. Biochemical cues revealed that variations in serum and uterine discharges at post-treatment estrus as compared to pre-treatment estrus values indicated that clearing of uterine infection after intrauterine therapy. Higher efficacy for Ceftriaxone Tazobactam+EDTA-Tris (80.00% Vs 87.50%) in terms of recovery and conception rates when compared to treatment with EDTA-Tris (66.67% Vs 71.43%) and Ceftriaxone Tazobactam+Normal saline (60.00 Vs 70.00%). In conclusion, combination of Ceftriaxone Tazobactam with EDTA-Tris had improved the clinical response and conception rate in buffaloes treated for subclinical endometritis.
Open Access
STUDIES ON CERTAIN HORMONAL AND NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE SYNCHRONIZATION OF ESTRUS AND FERTILTIY IN EWES UNDER FARM CONDITIONS DURING NON BREEDING SEASON
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-07) SRISANDHYA, T; Venkata Naidu, G (MAJOR); Srinivas, M; Devi Prasad, V
The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of hormonal and nutritional strategies in postpartum anestrous Vizianagaram ewes during the non-breeding season. A total of 48 healthy postpartum anestrous ewes aged about 2 to 4 years were selected and randomly divided into four groups Selectsynch (Group 1), Progesterone+Ovsynch (Group 2) nutritional supplement (Group 3) and conventional feeding control (Group 4) with each group consisting of twelve ewes. In Selectsynch group, each ewe was administered with GnRH analogue (4.0 μg) on day 0 and PGF2α analogue (125 μg) on day 7 intramuscularly. In Progesterone+Ovsynch group, progestrone sponge was inserted intra-vaginal and GnRH analogue @ 4.0 μg was administered along with sponge insertion on day 0. On day 7 PGF2α analogue cloprostenol (125μg) was administered intramuscularly and the sponge was removed and second injection of 4.0 μg GnRH analogue was administered on day 9. In feed supplement group, each ewe was given 200 gm of additional concentrate feed along with 20 gm of mineral and vitamin mixture for 9 days along with regular concentrate feed. The control group ewes were maintained on conventional feeding and grazing. The estrus response rate was 66.66, 100.00, 50.00 and 33.33 per cent in group 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Significantly (P˂0.05) shorter time interval to onset of estrus (hrs) was observed in Progesterone+Ovsynch (38.00±4.63) group followed by Selectsynch (45.00±7.08), nutritional supplement (56.00±8.00) and control group (90.00±18.00) groups. The mean duration of estrus was 24.00±4.82, 26.00±2.88, 24.00±1.64 and 24.00±2.01 hrs in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively without significant difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups but with significantly intense estrus (P<0.05) in Progesterone+Ovsynch (8.60±0.47) group than in Selectsynch (7.50±0.65), nutritional supplements (6.10±0.24) and control (5.00±0.22) groups. Significantly (P˂0.05) higher conception rate was recorded in Progesterone+Ovsynch group (66.66%) when compared to Selectsynch (50.00%), nutritional supplement (33.33%) and control (25.00%) groups. The overall percentage of conception rate by using ultrasonography was 39.58% (19/48) Vs 43.75% (21/48) non-return basis among all treatment groups. In the present study it was observed that Progesterone sponge plus Ovsynch treatment achieved higher estrus response rate with higher conception rate when compared to other treatments during non-breeding season in Vizianagaram anestrous ewes.

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