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Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur (AP)
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Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda
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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
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Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252
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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
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ThesisItem Open Access Gender disaggregated analysis of climate-change adaptations among vegetable farmers(Department of agricultural extension education, College of agriculture,Vellanikkara, 2023-07-27) Atheena, U P.; Smitha, S; Smitha, SThe threats posed by climate change are no longer a far-off phenomenon and has become more widespread in many countries of the semi- arid tropics including India. Among agrarian populations, these impacts are particularly pronounced, as they contend with ever-more uncertain conditions to raise food and earn a living. Climate change found to have different impacts on women’s and men’s natural, physical, social and financial capital. Therefore, a gender sensitive perspective is essential while responding to the environmental and humanitarian crises caused by climate change. With this backdrop, the present study was conducted to know gendered difference in climate change adaptations among vegetable farmers. The respondents were selected from four randomly selected blocks of Palakkad district. Data collection was carried out among 80 male farmers, 80 female farmers with minimum ten years’ experience in vegetable cultivation and 20 extension personnel from the selected area. An interview schedule was developed and standardized to collect data from the respondents. The results revealed that among the 160 vegetable farmers, more than 90 per cent farmers were found to be aware of climate change indicators except increase in number of rainy days. The gender disaggregated analysis of perception on the effect climate change shows that a greater number of male vegetable farmers have perceived severe effects of climate change on water, soil, animal husbandry and other effects including increase in cost of cultivation. While, greater number of female farmers experienced crop related effects and calamities at severe levels. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), adaption strategies were examined among male and female key farmers and found that the most substantial strategy among male farmers was use of organic manure (global priority-0.13) and that of female farmers was crop rotation (global priority- 0.12). Analysis of farmers levels of adoption for each adaptation strategy within each component shows that crop rotation (92%), use of organic manure (99.38%), supplementary irrigation (76.25%), pest surveillance (65.62%), income diversification (72.50%) and getting help from government and other agencies (71.25%) are the most adopted practices. With regard to the mean climate change adaptation index, two sample t-test was employed and results indicated a significant difference in the adoption of financial management and other strategies by male and female farmers (p values 0.5 and 0.42). Results of binary logistic regression of climate change adaptation with socioeconomic variables taken as independent variables revealed that gender and change in level of extension contact or risk bearability could bring a corresponding chance of 21, 14 and 87 per cent respectively for a farmer to adopt a climate change adaptation strategy. The major constraints faced by vegetable farmers, associated with the climate change adaptation were lack of government support, high cost of the agricultural inputs needed for adaptation strategies and inadequate credit facilities and lack of agricultural subsidies. Other salient findings from the study shows that, majority of the farmers (58.75% male and 63.75% female farmers) belonged to middle age groups. Slightly above half (51.25%) male farmers and 37.5 per cent female farmers had secondary level of education. Majority of the male farmers (70%) and female farmers (62.5%) had medium range of farming experience (12-26 years). Majority of farmers belonged to marginal farmers (65% male and 78.75% female). More than half of the respondent male farmers (60%) and female farmers (51.25%) had medium range of annual income (1.30- 3.74 lakhs). Majority (61.25% of males and 65% of females) of the respondents have not integrated any of the components. Vast majority of the respondents (93.75% male and 91.25% female farmers) acquired climatic information through fellow farmers regularly. A large number of farmers (57.5% male and 46.25% female) have been attending training programmes regularly. VFPCK officials followed by Agricultural Officers were the most preferred extension officials. All the male vegetable farmers and majority of the female vegetable farmers had social participation with 13.75 per cent males and 8.75 per cent females held official position in the organizations. Majority of the farmers were found to be availed credit (70% male and 75% female) and insurance (63.75% males and 60% females). A greater number of the respondents have medium risk bearability (67.5% male and 87.5% female), market orientation (72.5% male and female) and scientific orientation (68.75% male and 67.5% female)ThesisItem Open Access Biocontrol potentials of Bacillus species against white mold of French bean(2023-08) Bora, Chayanika; Nath, Hiranya Kumar DevaFrench bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most commonly cultivated and commercially important edible vegetable crops in the world. Soil borne fungal diseases are most common among vegetable crops and have major implications for crop yield and productivity. Among that, white mold is one of the most important constraints to French bean in major French bean producing areas of the world which causes serious and unpredictable yield loss as high as 100 per cent (Prudy et al., 1989). The present investigation was undertaken to study the biocontrol potentials of Bacillus species against white mold of French bean caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Ten Bacillus spp. were evaluated in vitro for their efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum by dual culture technique. Among them, B. amyloliquefaciens recorded the highest inhibition (64.17%) followed by B. valezensis (52.08%) and B. altitudinis (40.14%). The lowest inhibition (8.06%) was recorded in B. cereas. Based on the in vitro test, B. amyloliquefaciens was further evaluated in pot condition. The treatment comprising of seed, soil and foliar application of B. amyloliquefaciens was found most effective in reducing the white mold disease with highest reduction of disease incidence (85.71%) and severity (86.76%) over control. The maximum plant vigour was recorded in the combined seed, soil and foliar application of B. amyloliquefaciens, which was measured in terms of shoot and root length, and shoot and root weight. Highest yield (91.96g/plant) was recorded in the combined application followed by chemical treatment (Azoxystrobin, 0.1%) with the yield of 77.25 g/pot.ThesisItem Open Access ThesisItem Open Access ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID AND HUMIC ACID ON GROWTH FLOWERING, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CV. PANDHARI REWADI.(College of Agriculture Nagpur, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, 2021) WARKADE, KU. PALLAVI BENIRAM.; Khobragade, Dr. Hemlata M.The present investigation entitled “Effect of salicylic acid and humic acid on growth, flowering, yield and quality of chrysanthemum cv. Pandhari Rewadi’’ was carried out at PG Research unit, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur during Kharif season of the year 2020-2021, with the objectives to study the Effect of salicylic acid and humic acid on growth, flowering, yield and quality of chrysanthemum and to find out suitable concentration of salicylic acid and humic acid for better growth, flower yield and quality of chrysanthemum. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and nine treatments T1 control (water spray), T2 Humic acid 1000 ppm, T3 Humic acid 2000 ppm, T4 Humic acid 3000 ppm, T5 Humic acid 4000 ppm, T6 Salicylic acid 100 ppm, T7 Salicylic acid 200 ppm, T8 Salicylic acid 300 ppm, T9 Salicylic acid 400 ppm. The solution of salicylic acid and humic acid of different concentrations were applied as a foliar spray at 15 and 30 DAT in chrysanthemum. In respect of growth parameters it was observed that maximum plant height, number of branches, stem diameter and leaf area was recorded in treatment salicylic acid spread with 200 ppm. As regard flowering parameters minimum days to first flower bud initiation and 50 per cent flowering from transplanting and flowering span was recorded in treatment salicylic acid at 200 ppm. Whereas, minimum days to first flower bud initiation after transplanting noticed in treatment control and maximum days to first harvest of flowers was noticed in treatment humic acid spray with 1000 ppm. In respect of yield characters, maximum number of flowers plant-1, flower yield plant-1, flower yield plot-1 and flower yield hectare-1 was recorded under treatment salicylic acid 200 ppm. As regards quality parameters, maximum diameter of flower, longevity of flower and shelf life of flower was noticed with application of salicylic acid at 200 ppm. From this investigation, it is concluded that, regarding different salicylic acid and humic acid concentration was found superior in respect of growth parameters, flowering parameters, yield parameters and quality parameters it was observed in treatment T7, salicylic acid sprayed with 200 ppm. But significantly, minimum days to fully opened flower from bud emergence are noticed in control treatment was found superior.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GLADIOLUS UNDER NAGPUR CONDITIONS.(College of Agriculture Nagpur, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, 2021) SHASHIDHAR.; Gajbhiye, Dr. R. P.A field investigation entitled "Performance of different varieties of gladiolus under Nagpur conditions" was carried out during rabi season of the year 2020-2021 at Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur (M.H.) with the objectives to study the performance of gladiolus varieties for their growth, yield and flower quality and to find out the suitable gladiolus varieties for growing under Nagpur conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight varieties as treatments. The treatments were replicated three times. The varieties of gladiolus were T1 – Arka Amar, T2 – Arka Pratham, T3 – Arka Kesar, T4 – Arka Naveen, T5 – Arka Darshan, T6 – Arka Poonam, T7- Arka Shobha and T8 – Arka Kumkum. The result of the present investigation indicated that, significantly earlier sprouting and 50 per cent sprouting of gladiolus corms were seen with the variety Arka Kesar (T3), however, the maximum sprouting of corms and sprouts per corm were noticed with the variety Arka Amar (T1). The maximum vegetative growth of the plant viz. height of plant and leaves per plant was noticed with the variety Arka Pratham (T2) and Arka Kumkum (T8), respectively. The minimum period for the first spike emergence, opening of first pair of florets and 50 per cent flowering was registered with the variety Arka Kesar (T3). However maximum, spike yield per hectare was found in the variety Arka Darshan (T5). In respect of quality parameters of gladiolus spikes such as length of spike, length of rachis and florets per spike were found maximum in the variety Arka Shobha (T7), however, maximum diameter of spike was recorded in the variety Arka Poonam (T6). Similarly, maximum longevity of flowers on plant and vase life of gladiolus spikes were noticed with the variety Arka Pratham (T2). The corm yield of gladiolus in respect of numbers was found maximum in the variety Arka Darshan (T5), however, maximum diameter of corm and weight of corms per plant were found superior with the variety Arka Shobha (T7) and cormels produced per plant and their weight were noted maximum with the variety Arka Darshan (T5). Thus, it can be inferred from the results that, the gladiolus varieties Arka Darshan, Arka Amar, Arka Naveen and Arka Shobha were found suitable in respect of number of spikes and corms produced per plant. However, the variety Arka Pratham and Arka Kumkum was suitable in respect of quality parameters of gladiolus spikes under Nagpur conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Bacillus spp. AS A POTENTIAL BIOAGENT AGAINST MAJOR POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS OF KHASI MANDARIN, Citrus reticulata, Blanco(2023-08) Taye, Trishna; Popy BoraKhasi Mandarin Citrus reticulata Blanco, which belongs to the Rutaceae family holds a significant importance as a horticultural crop and it occupied second most important fruit crops after banana. The present study aims to the identification of major postharvest pathogens of Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata, Blanco) and evaluation of promising Bacillus spp. against major postharvest pathogens and assessment of bioagent-induced qualitative changes in citrus fruits. The isolated pathogen was identified as Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Four Bacillus spp. were screened with both the pathogen and results showed that all the biocontrol agents were significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogens. B. subtilis LB22 were showed highest per cent mycelial growth inhibition of Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. with 74.60% and 86.20%, respectively. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis of B. subtilis and pathogens interaction shows disintegration in fungal morphology. GC-MS analysis of B. subtilis LB22 found the presence of nine different antimicrobial compounds such as 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, n-hexadecanoic acid, 1H-Indene, 1-hexadecyl-2, 3-dihydro, etc. B subtilis cell suspension and cell free culture filtrate could significantly control the disease occurrence in Khasi Mandarin fruits with a 100% biocontrol efficiency, as compared with control and B. subtilis cell suspension, cell free culture filtrate with co-inoculation of pathogens. Peel and pulp were observed under SEM micrograph where colonization of Bacillus subtilis cells can be seen in the treated peel when compared with the untreated sample. The microphotograph of the pulp shows there is no bacterial colonization both in treated and untreated samples. The fruits treated with B. subtilis cell suspension show TSS of 11.90ºB and Titratable acidity of 0.85% as compared to the control after 15 days of storage which was non-significant. An Organoleptic test was carried out for untreated and treated samples concerning colour, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability.ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF PULSING TREATMENTS FOR IMPROVING THE VASE LIFE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GLADIOLUS.(College of Agriculture Nagpur, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, 2021) RAUT, PRATIK RAMCHANDRA.; Dahale, Dr. Megha. H.An experiment entitled “Standardization of pulsing treatments for improving vase life of different varieties of Gladiolus” was carried out at the Post Harvest Laboratory of Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur in February, 2021 with the objective to study the effect of different pulsing treatment on vase life of gladiolus varieties and to find out suitable pulsing treatment for increasing vase life of gladiolus varieties. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors, as factor A Gladiolus varieties viz. F1: Arka Amar, F2: Arka Pratham, F3: Arka Kesar, F4: Arka Naveen, F5: Arka Kumkum, F6: Arka Shobha, F7: Arka Poonam and F8: Arka Darshan and factor B Pulsing solutions viz. P1 – Tap water (Control), P2 - 8HQC 200 ppm + 20% Sucrose, P3 - 8HQC 200 ppm + 10% Sucrose, P4 -8HQC 300 ppm + 20% Sucrose, P5 - 8HQC 300 ppm + 10% Sucrose, P6 - Al2(So4)3 400ppm + 20% Sucrose, P7 - 20% Sucrose with Fifty six treatments combination and replicated thrice. Uniform cut spikes of gladiolus varieties were pulsed with different pulsing solutions for 12 hours and after that, their vase life was evaluated in distilled water. Maximum volume of pulsing solution uptake observed when cut spikes were pulsed with 8HQC 200 ppm + 10% Sucrose (P3) in Arka Naveen (F4), Maximum weight gain after pulsing was observed in treatment P6 i.e. Al2(SO4)3 400 ppm + 20% Sucrose in Arka Shobha (F6). And the maximum weight gain on 3rd day was observed in cut spikes pulsed with 8HQC 200 ppm + 20% Sucrose (P2) in Arka Shobha (F6). While, Minimum physiological weight loss was observed when flowers are pulsed with 8HQC 200 ppm + 10% Sucrose (P3) in F3 (Arka Kesar) and Maximum water uptake was observed in cut spikes when it is pulsed with 8HQC 200 ppm + 20% Sucrose (P2) in F7 (Arka Poonam). It was observed that pulsing of gladiolus spikes with 8HQC 200 ppm + 10% (P3) sucrose would be helpful in increasing floret size and minimum number of wilted florets in Arka Naveen (F4). Maximum number of open florets in Arka Poonam (F7) and minimum number of closed florets in Arka Kumkum (F5). Pulsing of gladiolus spikes with 8HQC 200 ppm + 10% sucrose for 12 hours would be helpful in increasing the vase life of different varieties of gladiolus. And the maximum vase life was observed in Arka Naveen (F4) (13.68 Days).ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON FERTIGATION LEVELS OF NPK ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND QUALITY OF AFRICAN MARIGOLD.(College of Agriculture Nagpur, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, 2021) DEWARE, JAYESH VINAYAK.; Khobragade, Dr. Y. R.An experiment entitled, “Study on fertigation levels of NPK on growth, flower yield and quality of African marigold.” was carried out at Commercial floriculture unit, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur during summer season of the year 2020-21 with the objectives to study the different fertigation levels of NPK for growth, flower yield, and quality of African marigold with find out suitable dose of fertigation. The experiment comprising of ten treatments was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments consists of different levels of water soluble fertilizers (WSF) viz., T1 – 100:50:25 NPK kg ha-1 Straight fertilizer - Control, T2 – 100:50:25 (NPK kg ha-1) WSF, T3 – 100:40:20 (NPK kg ha-1) WSF, T4 – 100:30:15 (NPK kg ha-1) WSF, T5 – 80:50:25 (NPK kg ha-1) WSF, T6 – 80:40:20 (NPK kg ha-1) WSF, T7 – 80:30:15 (NPK kg ha-1) WSF, T8 – 60:50:25 (NPK kg ha-1), T9 – 60:40:20 (NPK kg ha-1), T10 – 60:30:15 (NPK kg ha-1) WSF applied in 5 splits doses at 7 days of interval. The results of the present study revealed that among the growth parameters, plant height, number of branches plant-1, stem diameter, plant spread and leaf area were recorded significantly maximum in (100:30:15 NPK kg ha-1) WSF treatment. Regarding flowering parameters, minimum days to emergence of first flower bud, days to opening of first flower bud and minimum days to 50 % of flowering were recorded in (60:50:25 NPK kg ha-1). Whereas, maximum blooming period were recorded in (100:50:25 NPK kg ha-1) WSF treatment. As regards quality parameters, number of petals flower-1, weight of petals flower-1, diameter of flower and shelf life of flower was found superior with the application of 120 kg N ha-1. Shelf life of flower recorded superior results in (100:30:15 NPK kg ha-1) WSF. In respect of yield parameters, maximum number of flower plant-1, number of flower plot-1, weight of flower, maximum yield of flowers plot-1 and maximum yield of flower ha-1 recorded (100:30:15 NPK kg ha-1) WSF. Besides flowering parameter, growth, quality and yield parameter recorded superior results in the treatment of (80:50:25 NPK kg ha-1) WSF and found at par with the treatment (100:30:15 NPK kg ha-1). On the basis of present study, it is concluded that water soluble fertilizer treatment (80:50:25 NPK kg ha-1 WSF) through fertigation found to be optimum dose for improving growth, quality and yield parameter and therefore fertigation treatment (80:50:25 NPK kg ha-1) can be recommended in marigold.
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