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Open Access
Level of Soft Skills among Under-graduate Students of Agriculture University Jodhpur
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-10-09) Choudhary, Ravindra Singh; Lal, Banwari
Soft skill is a personal attribute that supports situational awareness and enhances an individual's ability to get a job done. The term soft skills are often used as a synonym for people skills or emotional intelligence. Unlike hard skills, which describe a person's technical ability to perform a specifically-defined task, soft skills are broadly applicable across job titles and industries. It's often said that while hard skills might get someone an interview, soft skills will help that person get (and keep) the job. The term soft skill covers a wide range of skills like teamwork, time management, empathy, integrity and delegation. Research study entitled “Level of Soft Skills among Under-graduate Students of Agriculture University Jodhpur” was undertaken to study the level of soft skill, know the opinion of the under-graduate students towards usefulness of soft skills in teaching and learning and find out the association between dependent and independent variables. The study was conducted in three colleges of agriculture university of Jodhpur (AUJ) with a sample size of 130 respondents. The students interviewed personally by a well-structured interview schedule. The data were collected, tabulated and interpreted using suitable statistical tools. The profiles of the respondents revealed that majority of the students were from rural background, father’s educations were from secondary level, and mother’s education were from primary level. Most of them were educated from Hindi medium school and were categorized under medium category of annual family income. The respondents showed medium involvement in extra-curricular activities, daily basis use of internet, use of computer applications on monthly basis, library use on daily basis, ICAR services. The study also revealed that majority of respondents possessed medium level of soft skills and opinion of the under-graduate students towards usefulness of soft skills in teaching and learning. Native place, father’s education, mother’s education and academic performance were found to be highly significant and Annual family income, Involvement in extra-curricular activity, Medium of instruction at school, Internet exposure, Computer exposure, Library exposure were non-significant with the level soft skill among UG students. Involvement in extra-curricular activity were found to be highly significant and Native place, fathers education, mothers education, academic performance Annual family income, Involvement in extra-curricular activity, Medium of instruction at school, Internet exposure, Computer exposure, Library exposure were non-significant with the level soft skill among UG students.
Open Access
Behaviour of Onion Growers Towards Integrated Pest Management Practices (IPM) in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-10-12) Gurjar, Kamlesh; Jaitawat, V.S.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecological strategy that focuses on long-term solution of pest through combination of techniques viz. biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of agronomical practices and use of resistant varieties. Application of a single practice to control a specific organism does not mean IPM, even that practice is an essential element of IPM system. Integration of multiple pest suppression techniques has the highest probability of sustaining long-term crop protection. Generally, farmers use pesticides to controlling insect-pests in Onion crop but they are harmful for soil as well as human health. Therefore, it’s important that IPM practice should be adopted so, maintain soil fertility and productivity. Onionis important vegetable as well as spicecrop and have huge demand in India. Like other vegetables, high yield of Onion is not obtained due to a various constraints. Pests and diseases are major constraints in Onion production. Pests such as mites, thrips, armyworms, cutworms, leaf miner and disease like damping off, purple blotch, leaf blight and colletotrichum blight. Out of these Onion thrips (Thripstabaci) is a key pest of that cause 35-45 percent yield loss annually. It is also acts as vector for various viral diseases. This warrants an integrated approach to minimize the yield loss and to obtain good quality marketable bulb. The rapid transfer of improved cultivation practices from lab to land (from research stations to the vegetable growers) would help to thousands of vegetable growers in India. It was observed in study that IPM practices are very essential for the sustainable development of study “Behaviour of Onion Growers towards Integrated Pest Management Practices in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan” the study replied the following objectives. 1) To study the socio-economic status of Onion growers. 2) To measure the extent of utilization behaviour of IPM practices of Onion growers. 3) To ascertain the relationship between the selected variables with utilization behaviour. 4) To find out the constraints in utilization of IPM practices in Onion cultivation Study was conducted in purposely selected Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. The Jodhpur district had sixteen panchayat samities, out of 16 panchayat samiteis namely Tinwari and Osian were selected based on highest area production of Onion cultivation. A complete list of villages with area and production of Onion cultivation were collected from Department of Agriculture Jodhpur, Rajasthan from the identified panchayat samities. Out of ten villages i.e. six from Tiwari and four from Osian were selected. The sample size of 120 respondents. The were farmer interviewed personally by a well-structured interview schedule. The data were collected, tabulated and interpreted using suitable statistical tools. Major findings The overall socio-economic of Onion growers majority of (60.00%) Onion growers belonged to middle age group (From 36 to 53 years), other backward class of the Onion growers suggests that majority (69.17%), and 79.17% had agriculture as their main occupation, 20.83% were educated high school, 54.17% had single nuclear family, 71.67% belonged to medium income from Rs.100000 to 250000, 54.17% possessed medium land holding and most of the Onion growers 58.33% member of one organization 74.17%, middle level extension contact, and were having 63.33% medium level of mass media exposure. Onion growers were having medium socio economic status. It is evident from the study that as a whole majority of farmers (65.83%) had medium utilization of IPM practices followed by high (19.17 %) and low utilization (15.00%). The highest level of utilization was found in respect of application of “cultural practices” was summer ploughing (MPS 75.00, rank I) followed by crop rotation (MPS 71.72, rank II), “Mechincal/physical practices” mass trapping of pests (MPS 65.44, rank I), destruction of crop residues (MPS 59.39, rank II), “Biological practices” conservation of natural enemies (MPS 51.39 rank I), use of parasitoids (MPS 51.11, rank II) “Chemical practices” use of pesticides (MPS 63.72,rank I) and safe application of pesticides (MPS 59.89, rank II), respectively. The results of correlation between the independent & dependent variables showed that the occupation, education, family income, land holding, social participation, extension contacts, mass media exposure were positively and significantly correlated at 0.05 per cent level of significant. However, the variables like age, caste and type of family had shown non - significant relationship with the utilization of IPM practices by the respondents. The major technological constraints found in the cultivation of Onion was “Lack of knowledge about the life cycle of pests and their infection on vegetables” (MPS 74.44 rank I) followed by the economical constraint found in cultivation of Onion, was “non-availability of neem cake at the local level / high cost of neem cake (MPS 72.78 rank I), marketing constraints found in cultivation of Onion, was “lack of market facilities in the local areas” (MPS 76.94 rank I), miscellaneous constraint found in cultivation of Onion, was “lack of co-ordination between various services, supply of marketing agencies” (MPS 77.78 rank I).
Open Access
Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers towards Soil Health Cards in Nagaur District of Rajasthan
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-09-06) Bera, Antima; Jaitawat, V.S.
Soil and water are considered as the back bone of agriculture because soil health plays vital role to ensure sustainable agricultural production. The main causes of deterioration of soil fertility in most of the states in India are application of unbalanced fertilizer, inadequate organic matter, and lack of restoration of declining micro and secondary nutrients. This is the alarm of nature that the soil health should be tested regularly to ensure balanced nutrients application in the soil. As per previous researches the plant requires 17 nutrients for growth. SHC are advising farmers on the fertilizers and their quantities they should apply, and also the soil amendments to get optimum yields. Research study entitled “Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers towards Soil Health Cards in Nagaur District of Rajasthan” was undertaken to study the knowledge level of farmers towards soil health cards, to measure the attitude level of farmers towards soil health cards and relationship between selected independent variables and attitude of respondents towards soil health cards. The study also emphasized to identify the constraints faced by the soil health cards holders. The study was conducted in two villages of two block of Nagaur district with 120 respondents. The farmers were interviewed personally by a well-structured interview schedule. The data was coded, tabulated and analyzed by using suitable statistical tools. The profile of the farmers revealed that majority of the farmers were from middle age group, and had agriculture as main occupation. Most of them were educated middle school level of education, categorized under medium category of land holding, were from medium annual income category, medium level of mass media utilization, medium level of extension contacts and were associated with one organization as means of social participation. The study also revealed that majority of respondents possessed medium level of knowledge about soil health cards. Aspect wise maximum knowledge was about “general information about soil health card” and “information regarding soil sampling” while minimum knowledge was reported in “Advantages of soil health card” and “Information regarding nutrient status”. The results shows that majority of the farmers were found to have favourable attitude towards soil health cards. Farmer had most favourable attitude towards the statements like “I trust that SHC is useful scheme for farmers welfare” and “I believe that SHC provides information about deficient nutrients as well as excess nutrients” and less favourable attitude towards statements such as “I believe that SHC scheme is a blessing for the farmers” and “I believe that SHC scheme is not useful for illiterate farmers”. The education, occupation, size of land holding, income and social participation, mass media utilization, extension contact were found to be positive and significant and age was found to have negative significant association with the attitude level of farmers about soil health card. The constraints “Delay in distribution of SHC” and “Illiteracy of farmers about the SHC”, “Sometimes recommended quantity of fertilizers is not available in the market” were perceived as the most and least severe constraints, respectively.
Open Access
Technological Gap in Adoption of Kinnow Production Technology among the Farmers of Sri Ganganagar District of Rajasthan
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Bishanoi, Ankita; Kumar, Mahendra
Indian agriculture depends on cereals, pulses, millets, and oilseed crops, which do not earn farmers remunerative rates. There has been rapid movement in the farming systems from the traditional crops to the high return commercial crops, which include horticultural and medicinal-cum-aromatic plants. Fruits are of great importance in human nutrition and play an important role in the agricultural economy of India. The major fruits grown in India are mango, citrus, banana, apple, grapes, guava, sapota, papaya, ber, litchi, pomegranate, kinnow, pineapples, strawberry and jack fruit etc. Rajasthan is considered to be the potential area for cultivation of the fruits like Mango, Orange, Lemon, Kinnow, Ber, Pomegranate, Date palm, Aonla, Malta and Falsa etc. Research study entitled “Technological Gap in Adoption of Kinnow Production Technology among the Farmers of Sri Ganganagar District of Rajasthan” was undertaken to study the knowledge level of kinnow growers, find out the technological gap in adoption of kinnow production technology and assess the relationship between technological gap and selected independent variables. The study also emphasized to identify the constraints faced by the kinnow growers. The study was conducted in ten villages of two panchayat samities viz. Sri Ganganagar and Sri Karanpur of Sri Ganganagar district with a sample size of 120 respondents. The farmers interviewed personally by a well structured interview schedule. The data were collected, tabulated and interpreted using suitable statistical tools. The profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the respondents were from middle age group, belong to other backward caste, and had agriculture as main occupation. Most of them were educated high school level of education, categorized under medium category of land holding, were from medium annual income category, medium level of mass media utilization, medium level of extension contacts and were associated with one organization as means of social participation. The study also revealed that majority of respondents possessed medium level of knowledge about kinnow production technology. Practice wise maximum knowledge was about “Irrigation” and “Soil selection” while minimum knowledge was reported in “Yield and post-harvest management” and “Propagation”. It was found that majority of the respondents were in medium technological gap category. Practice wise highest technological gap in “Yield and post-harvest management” and “Propagation” practices while least technological gap was found in “Irrigation” and “Soil selection and preparation of field” practices. The occupation, education, size of land holding, annual income, mass media utilization and extension contact and were found to be negative and significant and age and social participation was found to have positive significant association with the technological gap. While, the other variable like, caste was found to be positively and non-significantly associated with the technological gap. Among the five major constraints the constraint related to “Marketing and storage constraints” perceived with highest intensity followed by financial, technological and general constraint. Least perceived constraints were “Environmental constraints”. The constraints “Fruit price fluctuation” and “Lack of transport facilities” were perceived as most and least severe Marketing and storage constraints, respectively. The constraints “High initial cost in establishing kinnow orchard” and “Labour wages are high” were perceived as most and least severe financial constraints. The constraint “Lack of skill in performing technical operation” was perceived as major while “Lack of knowledge about drip irrigation system” was perceived as least severe technological constraints. The constraint “Lack of need-based training” and “Low consumption of kinnow in local area” were perceived as the most and least severe general constraints. The constraint “Scarcity of water for irrigation” and “Higher incidence of weed” were perceived as the most and least severe environmental constraints.
Open Access
Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and Management of Aphid in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-25) Mishra, Shreya; Pandey, Shalini
The study on ‘Population dynamics of insect pests and management of aphid in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)’ under semi-arid conditions was carried out in Rabi, 2021-22 at Research Farm, ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur. The infestation of aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and leaf miner, Liriomyza congesta (Becker) commenced in 1st SMW whereas infestation of weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) commenced in 5th SMW on fenugreek crop and subsequently the population of leaf miner, weevil and aphid increased gradually and reached to its peak in the 6th, 9th and 5 th SMW, respectively, thereafter it declined gradually. The correlation coefficient between larval population of leaf miner showed non-significant correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, maximum relative humidity, minimum relative humidity and recorded sunshine hours (r = -0.216, r = -0.349, r = -0.093, r = 0.205, r = 0.197 and r = 0.375, respectively) with the larval population of leaf miner. The grub population of the weevil had negative significant correlation with rainfall and recorded sunshine hours (r = -0.612 and r = -0.676, respectively). The minimum temperature had negative significant correlation (r = -0.553) whereas maximum relative humidity had positive significant correlation (r = 0.534) with aphid population. Out of eleven genotypes screened against the aphid, A. craccivora in fenugreek, the genotypes RMt-351 and RMt-354 were categorized as less susceptible against aphid. The highly susceptible genotypes against aphid were AFg-3, RMt-303, while AFg-1, AFg-2, AFg-4, AFg-5, RMt-1, RMt-143, RMt-305 were categorized as moderately susceptible for aphids. The plant attributes such as plant height, pod length, number of branches/plant, number of seeds/pod, number of pods/plant showed non-significant correlation with mean aphid population. Out of nine insecticides tested, flonicamid 50 WG was found most effective against population of aphid, A. craccivora in fenugreek. After two sprays, flonicamid 50 WG was found most effective with no aphid population recorded followed by cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.67 aphids/5 cm central shoot) and thiamethoxam 25 WG (1.00 aphids/5 cm central shoot). While the treatments with azadirachtin 10,000 ppm was least effective against aphid population. The maximum yield (1722 kg/ha) and net returns (Rs. 74450 per ha) of fenugreek was obtained from the plots treated with flonicamid 50 WG. The highest benefit-cost ratio was observed in plots treated with thiamethoxam 25 WG (3.79:1) followed by flonicamid 50 WG (3.57:1).
Open Access
Bionomics and Management of Predominant Species of Aphid in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-08-17) Dadhich, Sarita; Pandey, Shalini
The study was carried out on “Bionomics and Management of Predominant Species of Aphid in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)” at Research Farm and Entomology Laboratory, ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during the year 2021-22. Aphis gossypii Glover was Predominant Species of Aphid and its incidence started from first week of January (1st SMW) and continued till second week of March (10th SMW) having peak during second week of February (6th SMW) in cumin crop. Likewise, highest population of coccinellids was observed during second week of February (6th SMW) and showed highly significant positive correlation with aphid population. The aphid, A. gossypii nymphs were moulted four times before attaining the adult stage. The mean body length, width, antennal length and cornicle length of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs were 0.50 ± 0.04, 0.28 ± 0.03, 0.28 ± 0.02 and 0.036 ± 0.01 mm; 0.90 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.04, 0.40 ± 0.03 and 0.065 ± 0.01 mm; 1.11 ± 0.05, 0.49 ± 0.04, 0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.095 ± 0.01 mm and 1.31 ± 0.06, 0.65 ± 0.05, 0.64 ± 0.04 and 0.175 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The mean body length, width, antennal length and cornicle length of adult aphid were 1.68 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 1.53, 0.88 ± 0.02 and 0.266 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The mean duration period of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs were 1.30 ± 0.42, 2.05 ± 0.62, 2.40 ± 0.52 and 1.45 ± 0.45 days, respectively. The total nymphal duration was 7.75 ± 1.61 days. The mean longevity of adult aphid was 9.65 ± 1.75 days with an entire life span of 17.75 ± 2.91 days. The pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods were 1.35 ± 0.56, 7.20 ± 1.47 and 1.75 ± 0.71 days, respectively. The fecundity of the adult female was 24.45 ± 6.21 nymphs per female and the intrinsic rate of single female per day was an average of 4.80 ± 2.01 nymphs/day. Out of nine insecticides tested, flonicamid 50 WG (0.07 aphids/umbel) was followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (0.40 aphids/umbel) and cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.67 aphids/umbel) found most effective against aphid, A. gossypii in cumin. Azadirachtin 10,000 ppm (3.27 aphids/umbel) was found least effective against aphid, A. gossypii in cumin. The maximum net return (Rs. 23,230 per ha) was computed in the treatment of flonicamid 50 WG followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (Rs. 15,450 per ha). The highest benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) was recorded in plots treated with flonicamid 50 WG (1.52:1) followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (1.34:1).
Open Access
Development of Mean Skin Temperature Model for Indian Farm Women
(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Kavitkar Chhaya Ragho; A. K. Mehta
Skin temperature is said to be one of the indices useful for estimating thermal environments. The skin temperature, which is closely related to the thermal sensation, is a physiological value regulated by both the conditions of man and his working environment. Mean skin temperature is an important physiological parameter reflecting the human response to heat. For India, very few researchers have developed the mean skin temperature calculation model for Indian subjects, and they have developed the model for general population. There is no specific mean skin temperature model available for farm workers in general and farm women in particular though play the major role in Indian agriculture. The mean skin temperature is the key parameter for measuring the heat stress while working in the agricultural field. The mean skin temperature model development is necessary for Indian farm women for assessing the heat stress. Keeping this in view the research work was conducted on Indian farm women workers to develop the mean skin temperature model by considering the Indian farm women data. The attempt was made to develop the mean skin temperature model with fewer points which gives the best estimation of mean skin temperature. Environmental chamber was prepared for measurement of skin temperature in controlled environmental condition. Twelve female subjects and the thirty two skin temperature measurement sites were selected for assessment of environmental heat on skin temperature. The response of skin temperature site with increase in WBGT was observed. Some skin sites like thigh and abdomen showed the drop in skin temperature with the increase in WBGT. The higher fat content of the thigh and abdomen provides the cooling effect by sweating with increase in WBGT. Forehead showed the drop in skin temperature with the increase in WBGT. Flat body surfaces showed the lower fat content and lower cooling effect with increase in temperature. With increase in temperature, certain body sites of human body like thigh, abdomen and forehead allows sweating to maintain the proper thermoregulation of the human body. Evaluation of selected eight existing mean skin temperature models in Indian conditions were carried out in controlled environmental conditions of temperature and humidity. The selected models were evaluated statistically. The Hardy DuBois seven point model was found best for the Indian farm women. Body sites for the development of the mean skin temperature model were selected on the basis of weightages i.e. the body site having higher percentages of total body weight and thermal susceptibility. Body sites of left upper chest, forehead, right anterior calf, right forearm, and right posterior thigh were selected for the development of mean skin temperature model. Validation of developed mean skin temperature model was carried out in controlled environmental chamber at simulated WBGT conditions. The developed mean skin temperature model was validated with the reference mean skin temperature model. By analyzing the data statistically, significant results were obtained between the developed and reference mean skin temperature model. Linear regression was observed with higher degree of R2 between the developed mean skin temperature model and reference mean skin temperature model. Evaluation of developed mean skin temperature model was carried out in open field conditions while subject performing the farm operations. Mean skin temperature was calculated by the developed five point mean skin temperature model. The skin temperature was recorded for the skin sites forehead, right anterior thigh, right forearm, and left upper chest by the selected sites from developed mean skin temperature model. Eight female subjects were selected for the study. Mean skin temperature was recorded for the subjects while subjects performing the field operations like harvesting of green peas and harvesting of carrots at CTAE farm.
Open Access
Biochemical changes in fenugreek due to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC.) and its management
(2022) B.R, Rachanashree; Kumawat,G.L.
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the important and oldest spice and medicinal crops and is cultivated throughout India. It is attacked by many diseases, however, powdery mildew incited by Erysiphe polygoni DC. is a major constraint in cultivation of fenugreek. Powdery mildew disease appeared during the end of January and persisted till the maturity of the crop. Symptoms were observed as white floury patches on leaves, tendrils, stem and pods whereas cleistothecia appeared late in the season seen as black specks immersed in mycelial mat. Microscopic observation revealed that conidia were barrel in shape and formed singly and in chains. Conidiophores were septate that were straight to sub-straight with 4 to 5 cells. Thirty six genotypes and varieties were screened under natural condition to find out the source of resistance against the disease. It was found that HM 444 and UM 411 showed resistant reaction with percent disease intensity (PDI) of 9.66 and 10.27 respectively. The remaining nine were rated as moderately resistant, thirteen as moderately susceptible and twelve as susceptible.Biochemical studies on thirty six genotypes and varieties were undertaken twice, once before the disease occurrence and then after the disease occurrence. It was found that total phenol, peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) content in plants increased in all the genotypes after the disease appearance and the amount of these components were higher in resistant ones and comparatively lower in susceptible ones. Chlorophyll content of all the lines decreased after the disease appearance and was greater in resistant lines than susceptible lines. Correlation between biochemical components and percent disease intensity was worked out. Phenol showed negative significant correlation (- 0.958) (-0.864) in both healthy and infected leaves with PDI, the enzyme peroxidase showed negative significant correlation (-0.929) (-0.847) in both healthy and infected leaves with PDI, the enzyme PPO showed negative significant correlation (-0.892) (-0.837) in both healthy and infected leaves with PDI and chlorophyll also showed negative significant correlation (-0.758) (-0.892) with PDI. Six treatments were evaluated along with one untreated control in three replications. Among them, two sprays of panchgavya 5% recorded minimum percent disease intensity of 30.66 with yield 13.47 q/ha. Field evaluation of six systemic acquired resistance elicitors with one unsprayed control in three replications were undertaken. The crop was sprayed at 45 days after sowing and it was found that salicylic acid 200 ppm resulted in minimum percent disease intensity of 21.18 and yield of 16.07 q/ha. Six fungicides with one treatment of water spray and untreated control in three replications were carried out twice where hexaconazole 5% SC at 0.1% recorded minimum percent disease intensity of 11.63 and with higher yield of 20.65 q/ha. ICBR for fungicides were calculated and hexaconazole showed maximum ratio of 1: 37.91
Open Access
Development of Process for Foxtail Millet and Barnyard Millet Biscuits
(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Yogesh Tak; S. K. Jain
India is considered the third largest biscuit producer after the United States and China. The biscuits represent a fast-growing segment of the baking industry in India. The biscuits were developed using foxtail millet and barnyard millet flour. Biscuits from blend of foxtail millet flour and barnyard millet flour were prepared by mixing in different proportions viz. T1 (100% barnyard millet flour), T2 (75% barnyard millet flour+25% foxtail millet flour), T3 (50% barnyard millet flour+50% foxtail millet flour), T4 (25% barnyard millet flour+75% foxtail millet flour), and T5 (100% foxtail millet flour). The biscuits were baked at 180oC for 16 min. The developed biscuits were subjected to physical, textural analyses and sensory analyses. The results revealed that biscuits have diameter (52.64- 47.52 mm), thickness (6.18- 7.12 mm), spread ratio (8.52- 6.67), spread factor (85.2- 67.7) and volume (13.44-12.30 cm3), density (0.52- 0.66 g/ cm3) and weight of sample (18.40- 16.74 g). The diameter, spread ratio, spread factor and density decreased with increase in proportion of foxtail millet flour. The moisture content, fat content, protein content and calcium content increased with increase foxtail millet flour. Carbohydrate content, fibre content and iron content decreased with increase foxtail millet flour. Biscuits have amount of carbohydrate content (49.29%- 45.95 %), fat content (26.32%- 28.12 %), protein content (8.81%-11.22%), calcium content (18.13 mg/100 g - 36.28 mg/100 g), iron content (13.53 mg/100 g - 1.91 mg/100 g) and ash content (1.88-2.83). Proportions of foxtail millet flour affected the colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability of biscuits. The scores for appearance was almost same for all treatments. The composition 50% foxtail millet flour and 50% barnyard millet flour i.e. T3 was best for colour, texture, taste, appearance and overall acceptability

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

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Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252

Agriculture University, Jodhpur

Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour

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