INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION IN FETAL DYSTOCIA vis-à-vis NORMALLY CALVED BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
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Date
2023-07
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study was conducted in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes, which
were presented to the obstetrical unit, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and
Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh during
the study period from January 2022 to December 2022. Detailed obstetrical
examination were performed in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes (n=21) and various
forms of fetal dystocia were recorded. Fetal dystocia was recorded in 6 primiparous
(28.57%) and 15 pluriparous (71.43%) buffaloes. The condition was observed for 6
hours in 19.05 per cent, 12-24 hours in 66.67 per cent and >36 hours in 14.28 per cent
of the buffaloes, respectively before they were presented for treatment. 90.48 per cent
of fetuses were delivered in anterior longitudinal presentation and 9.52 per cent of the
fetuses were delivered in posterior longitudinal presentation. The fetal cause of
dystocia included limb flexion (42.86%), head deviation (33.33%), fetal emphysema
(14.29%), fetal monsters (4.76%) and fetal ascites (4.76%). Male and female calves
were born at 66.67 and 33.33 per cent, respectively among them, 23.81 and 76.19 per
cent were live and dead, respectively.
Out of 21 fetal dystocia affected buffaloes, six buffaloes of distinct parities
were utilized in the study and compared with six eutocia buffaloes which were reared
in and around Gannavaram. Further, variations in haemato-biochemical parameters
and gene expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory
cytokines and heat shock proteins were analyzed and compared between the buffaloes
with fetal dystocia and eutocia.
Significantly (P<0.05) lower levels of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume
(PCV) were observed in between the buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia, while
leukocytosis with neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia and eosinopenia were
recorded in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes when compared with normally calved
buffaloes.
Non-significant variations were recorded in serum total plasma protein and
blood urea nitrogen concentrations in between the buffaloes with fetal dystocia and
eutocia. Significantly (P<0.05) higher albumin and globulin concentration were
observed in buffaloes afflicted with fetal dystocia than eutocia. Significantly (P<0.01)
higher creatinine and albumin: globulin ratio was observed in fetal dystocia affected
buffaloes than normally calved buffaloes.
Further results indicated that the mRNA expression of certain inflammatory
mediators such as TNFα (pro-inflammatory cytokine), IL10 (anti-inflammatory
cytokine), HSP70 and HSP90 were all significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated in fetal
dystocia affected buffaloes compared to control animals.