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ThesisItem Restricted ISOLATION AND CULTURE OF OVINE CHONDROCYTES(2021) NISHANTHIKA JESSLYN CM; TANUVAS; SUGANYA G; LEELA V; SABIHA HAYATH BASHACartilage tissue engineering is one of the rapidly evolving field of biomedical engineering. Cartilage possesses limited intrinsic healing potential and therefore, clinical constructs using engineered cartilage is one of the most viable therapeutic strategy for repair of cartilage defect. Low yield of chondrocytes and limited availability of cartilage tissue remains the major challenges in the development of cartilage tissue constructs. Hence, an improved protocol for isolation and culture of chondrocytes that can yield maximum number of viable cells and maintain chondrocyte phenotype in vitro are highly rated novelties in recent research. This study was therefore conducted to isolate and culture chondrocytes from ovine articular cartilage in vitro. Articular cartilage was collected from six apparently healthy, young sheep irrespective of age, breed and sex immediately after sacrifice. Chondrocytes were isolated from the ovine articular cartilage tissue, cultured and characterized using Real time PCR.ThesisItem Restricted EXPRESSION OF DIFFERENT HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS DURING HEAT STRESS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF MURRAH BUFFALO(2022) KAVIN T; TANUVAS; LEELA V; SUGANYA G; SENTHILKUMAR TMAHeat stress has a negative impact on buffalo’s health, milk production, reproductive performance, welfare and immune defence mechanism. Thermoregulatory responses at molecular level plays a major role to confer the thermotolerance capacity to the animal by expression of highly conserved family of proteins known as heat shock proteins which regulates the protein folding mechanism. During the heat stress condition, HSPs expression is increased in various cellular compartments to counteract the adverse effect of non-specific proteins. Previous studies demonstrated only the short-term effect of in-vitro thermal stress on heat shock protein gene expression in buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), none described the changes in heat stress related genes expression during long-term exposure. Six adult healthy Murrah buffaloes (n=6) maintained in Cattle and Buffalo Breeding Unit, PGRIAS, Kattupakkam of same lactation and age were selected for this study. PBMCs were isolated from the whole blood of Murrah buffalo by density gradient centrifugation method and they were stimulated at 34 °C or 37 °C or 40 °C for 0 hr, 24 hrs and 48 hrs. At the end of each treatment, mRNA abundance of genes related to heat shock (HSF1, HSP10, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90) was quantified by qPCR. The HSF-1 mRNA expression had upregulated at 34°C for both the periods of exposures but no significant changes was observed at 37°C. Exposure to higher temperature of 40°C upregulated the mRNA expression of heat shock factor 1 at both 24 hours and 48 hours.ThesisItem Restricted PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN KANGAYAM CATTLE(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2021) DEVIPRIYA K.; TANUVAS; SELVARAJ P.; JAYACHANDRAN, S.; BALASUNDARAM, K.; SIVAKUMAR, K.; MANOKARAN, S.The present study was conducted in Kangayam breed of cattle at different age group to assess growth rate, physiological and haematobiochemical parameters, reproductive hormones concentration, milk composition and thermotolerance ability. 66 animals of different age were selected and divided into 6 groups of 10 animals each. Growth rate of calves from 1 to 12 months of age was estimated using Schaeffer’s formula and compared with actual weight. There was about 2-4% less body weight obtained when formula was used. Among physiological parameters, respiratory rate in early months was significantly higher (P<0.05) in both males and females and later it was reduced as the age increased. However no changes were observed in pulse rate, rectal temperature and skin temperature between different age groups.ThesisItem Restricted PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNOCOMPETENCY OF BROILER CHICKENS AND EGG-TYPE CHICKENS FED GAMMA AMINO BUTYRIC ACID(2022) HARSHA M; TANUVAS; SELVARAJ P; JAYACHANDRAN S; BALASUNDARAM K; SUKAMAR KA study was carried out to find out gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) feeding to broiler chickens and egg-type hens’ performance. GABA is an endogenously derived neurotransmitter and is available in the market for the poultry industry. In the first experiment, a total of 192 day-old straight run chicks were divided into four groups viz., T1, T2, T3 and T4 and were given 0, 25, 50, and 75mg GABA per kg diet, respectively from day one onwards up to 35 days of age. At the end of 35th day, analysis of body weight and FCR of broiler chickens did not reveal any difference among the treatment groups. Analysis of carcass characteristics also revealed no change as dressing percentage was similar among treatment groups. No change in plasma total protein was noted on third- and fifth-week age. The total cholesterol was significantly low in T2 and T3 groups only at third week of age. GABA supplementation has resulted in significant variation among the treatment groups with respect to plasma calcium and phosphorus. At fifth week of age, the calcium level was found to be significantly higher in T3 and T4 than the other groups. GABA increased blood glucose level significantly (P ≤ 0.01) in treatment groups compared to control. Evaluation of corticosterone concentration revealed no change among the groups. Similarly, GABA did not alter the triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in broilers during third and fifth weeks of age. The antioxidant enzymes like SOD, GSH-Px and MDA level did not show any variation among groups during the third and fifth weeks of age. Both the H:L ratio and HI titre (against NDV) were not influenced by GABA supplementation in this study. GABA supplementation up regulated IL2 by 4 to 5 folds and IL6 by 5 to 6 folds whereas, the ghrelin and leptin genes were down regulated by 59 and 213 folds, respectively. Dietary GABA did not influence villi height and crypt depth in broilersThesisItem Restricted NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF OVINE WHARTON’S JELLY DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ON PERIPHERAL NERVE REGENERATION IN RAT MODELS(2022) SREEKUMAR TR; TANUVAS; ESWARI S; LEELA V; VIJAYARANI K; AR UN PRASAD AThe present study was designed to compare the in vivo neuroregenerative effect of ovine Wharton’s jelly derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) and neuronally trans-differentiated ovine WJ-MSCs on periphery injury in rat model and to evaluate the neuronal trans-differentiation potential of ovine WJ-MSCs with appropriate characterisation. Efforts were also made to appraise the change in immunogenicity profile of ovine WJ-MSCs following neuronal differentiation Ovine WJ-MSCs were isolated, cultured and characterized for their expression of MSC specific surface markers (CD73, CD44 and CD90), pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog), absence of expression of hematopoietic stem cell marker (CD34) and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Proliferation capabilities, population doubling timeV and clonogenicity assay was done to further define ovine WJ-MSCs. The ovine WJ-MSCs were subjected to neuronal trans-differentiation with the aid of growth factors and chemicals and the differentiation was assessed by change in phenotype, nissl granule visualisation and level of expression of neuron specific markers like nestin, β III tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2). The level of neurotrophins like nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secreted in condition media of ovine WJ-MSCs and ovine neuronally differentiated WJ-MSCs were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which showed significantly high level of BDNF in ovine neuronally differentiated WJ-MSCs compared to ovine WJ-MSCs, whereas level of NGF was significantly high in ovine WJ-MSCs in comparison to ovine differentiated WJ-MSCs.ThesisItem Restricted EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEAT STRESS IN JERSEY CROSSBRED COWS(2022) GURU D V PANDIYAN; TANUVAS; LEELA V; ESWARI S; RAMACHANDRAN M; RANGANATHAN V; VISHA PPregnant crossbred cows were exposed to more oxidative stress during transitional period from prepartum to early lactation due to metabolic needs, hormonal changes, initiation of lactation and disturbed homeostasis mechanism. Genetic selection for greater performance in the absence of consideration for heat tolerance will result in greater susceptibility to heat stress. To mitigate these stressors the present study was conducted on Asparagus racemosus supplementation and its effect on prepartum, postpartum and environmental heat stress in crossbred cattle. For this study, twelve healthy pregnant Jersey crossbred cows were randomly chosen and divided equally into experimental and control groups based on parity and body weight. The experimental group which were supplemented with Asparagus racemosus root powder 4 weeks before parturition @ lOOmg/kg body weight and @ 200mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks during postpartum and summer period. Blood and milk sample were collected on weekly basis during the study period and milk yield measured daily.ThesisItem Restricted TRANS-DIFFERENTIATION OF OVINE WHARTON’S JELLY DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS INTO NEURONAL STEM CELLS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION IN VITRO FOR APPLICATION IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS(2018) Lija, S; Eswari, S; Leela, V; Vijayarani, K; TANUVASThe present study was conducted to trans-differentiate the mesenchymal stem cells derived from ovine umbilical cord tissue wharton’s jelly into neuronal stem cells in order to characterize their neurogenic potential in vitro and to assess the secretome BDNF in mesenchymal stem cells, induced neuronal stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells conditioned medium. Umbilical cords (UC) from ovine gravid uterus samples were collected from accidently slaughtered pregnant ewes from slaughter house, Chennai. Wharton's jelly (WJ) was extracted from UC and cut into fragments for mixed enzymatic-explant culture method, cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10 per cent FBS and 1 per cent antibiotic antimycotic solution and the isolated WJ MSCs were expanded in vitro upto passage 12.ThesisItem Open Access HAEMOSTATIC, HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROFILING AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN CANINE BABESIOSIS(2018) Rajamanickam, K; Leela, V; Loganathasamy, K; Latha, Bhaskaran Ravi; Balagangatharathilagar, M; TANUVASAnaemia is an imperative clinical sign of many systemic, infectious and parasitic diseases. Evaluating the cause and type of anaemia will provide adequate information about patho-physiology of diseases. Anaemia is one of the mandatory clinical manifestations of tick borne diseases. Canine babesiosis is a tick borne hemoprotozoan parasitic disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genera Babesia, which is characterized by haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, lethargy,pyrexia and haemoglobinurea. Pathogenesis of anaemia in canine babesiosis has a potential role in determining the prognosis of the disease. As the affected animals mainly suffer from haemolytic anaemia, there will be alterations in their systemic iron level. Hepcidin, being a systemic regulator of iron level in the body system its concentration may be altered during this condition and it can further aggravate the disease progression. Based on this hypothesis, a study was conducted to assess the haematobiochemical status haemostatic alterations, oxidative stress,changes in the level of hepcidin and to identify the blood prognostic markers in the affected animals.ThesisItem Open Access ENDOCRINE AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN PYOMETRA IN BITCHES(2018) Gogoi, Jayashree; Leela, V; Suganya, G; Shafiuzama, Mohamed; Vairamuthu, S; TANUVASCanine pyometra has been studied extensively in the past few decades to findthe causes and prognostic markers associated with this infective disease of intact bitches, whichis known to cause a systemic inflammatory responses leading to multiple systemicdysfunctions. Besides the well described clinical symptoms andsystemic effects of this disease, limited research on acute phase proteins, antioxidativestatus and lipid peroxidation profile of this condition was done, although hormonal effects have been repeatedly investigated to determine the exact pathophysiology of the disease. In the present study,the changes in hormonal assay, acute phase proteins, antioxidative status and lipid peroxidation of the pyometra affected bitches both pre-operatively and post-operatively till 14days of ovariohysterectomy was studied.
