Browsing by Author "Arivuchelvan, A."
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ArticleItem Open Access Assessment of global warming potential of isoflurane at different fresh gas flow rates in canine anaesthesia(2013-05) Senthilkumar, P.; Senthilkumar, S.; Mekala, P.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; TANUVASInhaled anaesthetics are recognized greenhouse gases. The study was conducted to assess the total mass of isoflurane at different FGF rate (1, 1.5 and 2 L/min) scavenged into the atmosphere in the canine anaesthesia. The total mass of isoflurane scavenged into atmosphere was measured by employing infrared absorption technique using Schiller Argus Multigas Monitor. The total quantity of isoflurane used in 1 MAC-hour basis was then multiplied by the GWP20 of isoflurane, and expressed as CDE20 in gram. The mean ±SE (g/h) of isoflurane scavenged into the atmosphere during canine anaesthesia was 12.07±0.04, 13.13±0.30 and 15.26±0.29 at FGF rate 1, 1.5 and 2 L/min, respectively. The mean ± SE CDE20 (g/h) of isoflurane at FGF rate 1, 1.5 and 2 L/min was 16,912.41±49.42, 18,394.87±422.81 and 20,087.63±410.27, respectively. From this study, it was concluded that, isoflurane at 1 L/min could be better FGF rate in canine surgical anaesthesia to reduce the environmental global warming impact of isoflurane.ArticleItem Open Access Atrtocarpus heterophyllus Lam: A Promising Herb for lmmunomodulation in Broilers(2017) Raja, M.J.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; Sukumar, K.; Sivaseelan, S.; TANUVASUtilization of iinmunostimulant drugs in broilers is an important solution accepted to improve the immunity and to decrease the susceptibility to pathogenic diseases along with vaccination and good management practices. But. they are poor cost effective, toxic and causing drug interactions. Even vaccination is not an effective measure at all times. So the search turned back to our traditional herbal medicine to find out alternatives as immunomodulators against infectious diseases and stressor agents.OtherItem Open Access Cobra Bite Induced Renal Failure In A Dog - A Case Study(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014-12) Raja, M.J.; Suresh, M.; Arivuchelvan, A.lncidences of snake bite in dogs are very common in rural and suburban areas of our country and it occurs in dogs during hunting, playing or any defensive activities. Snakes are most likely to bite when they provoked, feel threatened and have no means of escape. Snake envenomation is considered as an emergency and immediate attention with accurate treatment is highly essential.Book chapterItem Open Access COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF HERBAL PLANTS(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2017) Ramakrishnan, V.; Sureshkumar, V.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Kanagarajadurai, K.; Satheshkumar, S.; TANUVASHerbal plants and plant-derived medicine are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and they are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Medicinal plant materials should be collected from the appropriate place, and during the appropriate season or time period to ensure the best possible quality of both source materials and finished products.ArticleItem Open Access Comparison of Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin After Single Oral Bolus and Pulse Dose Administration in Broiler Chicken(Council of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017-07) Mekala, P.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Sethilkumar, P.; Nanjappan, K.; Krishnamurthy, T.R. Gopala; TANUVASEnrofloxacin was administered to commercial broiler chicken of 6 weeks of age at 10 mg kg-1 as oral bolus and pulse dose to two groups of twelve birds each. Blood was collected at predetermined time interval and plasma samples were analyzed for enrofloxacin concentration by using HPLC. Mean plasma concentration was significantly higher in oral bolus dose up to 2 h and at 48 h. In both the groups enrofloxacin concentration was above 0.30 lg mL-1 up to 24 h. Pharmacokinetic parameterswere calculated by non compartmental analysiswhich revealed significant increase in AUC0–? (25.35 ± 1.92 vs. 19.66 ± 1.68 lg h mL-1) and t1/2b (10.63 ± 0.35 vs. 8.70 ± 0.74 h) in oral bolus dose when compared to pulse dose. There was no significant difference in other pharmacokinetic parameters such asMRT,MAT,Vd area/F,Vdss/F,ClB/F,Cmax and tmax. Hence it can be concluded that enrofloxacin administered to broiler chicken at 10 mg kg-1 every 24 h as pulse dosewill result in better clinical efficacy at par with oral bolus dose.OtherItem Open Access Cumulative Toxic Effect and Identification of Non- Toxic Dose of Allium Sativum (Garlic) And Withania Somnifera (Ashwagantha) in Native Chicken(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014-12) Chakravarthi, P. Vikrama; Arivuchelvan, A.; Jagadeeswaran, A.A study was conducted to explore the cumulative toxic effect and the effective dose of Allium sativum and Withania somnifera to analyse their effect on immunological and production parameters in native chicken. One hundred native chicks were purchased and divided into ten groups (T1 to T10) of ten numbers each.Book chapterItem Open Access Development and Sustainable Release Evaluation of Enrofloxacin Solid Lipid Nanopartilces(2014) Senthilkumar, P.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; Subramanian, N.; Senthilkumar, C.; Mekala, P.; TANUVASThe study was conducted to formulate the enrofloxacin solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with sustained release profile and improved pharmacological activity. The enrofloxacin SLNs were prepared using tripalmitin as lipid carrier, tween 80 and span 80 as surfactants and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer by a hot homogenization coupled with ultrasonication method. The formulation were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential (using dynamic light scattering), shape (using atomic force microscopy), drug encapsulation efficiency (using by dialysis and ultracentrifugation methods), and in vitro drug release (using by dialysis).ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE FUNCTIONAL YOGHURTS INCORPORATING ALOE BARBADENSIS, ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS , COSTUS IGNEUS AND HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA(TANUVAS, Namakkal, 2015) Raghunath, B.V.; TANUVAS; Kumaresan, G.; Sureshkumar, S.; Natarajan, A.; Arivuchelvan, A.A study was undertaken to develop antidiabetíc and antihypertensive functional yoghurts incorporating four different herbs viz., Anethum graveolens, Aloe barbadensís, Costus igneus and Híbíscus sabdariffa Herbal yoghurts were prepared by supplementing aqueous extracts of Aloe barbadensis pulp extract, Anethum graveolens, Costus igneus and Híbíscus sabdariffa at different levels before incubation of yoghurt and Which were designed as ABY, AGY, CIY and HSY, respectively.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of lead acetate on livability of zebrafish embryo/larvae and amelioration by garlic aqueous extract (GAE)(2019) Yogeswari, R.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Murugasen, S.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Selvaraj, P.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; Raja, A.; TANUVASLead is a well known non-biodegradable toxic heavy metal in the environment and now, it has become a global issue. Lead is a cumulative toxicant that affects multiple body systems. Garlic, Allium sativum L. is a member of the Alliaceae family, has been widely recognized as a valuable spice and a popular remedy for various ailments. Hence in this study the effect of lead acetate on zebrafish embryo/larvae and amelioration by garlic aqueous extract was assessed. Normally dividing 5 hpf (hours post fertilization) embryos were allotted into different groups, in six well plates. Two control groups one with plain embryo water and the other with garlic aqueous extract. Lead acetate was exposed at three dose levels 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm to next three groups. The other three groups were exposed with lead acetate at three levels along with 1 μg garlic aqueous extract. To evaluate the livability, embryos and larvae were counted at 5, 24, 48, 72, 96 hpf and 5, 6, 7 and 8 dpf (days post fertilization). From 24 hpf to 8dpf control and drug control groups differ significantly (P≤ 0.01) from all other groups. At all hours and days post fertilization, the livability of the embryo/larvae was affected dose dependently in the lead acetate treated groups and as well the garlic aqueous extract has protective effect, in dose dependant manner.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Murraya Koenigii Leaf Powder on Cholesterol Fed Rats(TANUVAS, 2012) Geetha, D.; TANUVAS; Murugesan, S.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Selvaraj, P.Book chapterItem Open Access ETHNO-VETERINARY HERBAL PLANTS RESOURCES: WILD AND CULTIVATED PLANTS(2017) Sureshkumar, V.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Kanagarajadurai, K.; Satheshkumar, S.; TANUVASThe World Health Organization defines traditional medicine (herbal medicine) as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness" (WHO)ThesisItem Open Access Exploration of Anti-Arthritic Effect of Cardiospermum Halicacabum(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014) Bhalchandra, Kamble Ashwini; TANUVAS; Arivuchelvan, A.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; Sivaseelan, S.ThesisItem Open Access Exploration of the Protective Effect of Plant Preparations on the Adverse Effects of Certain Antibacterials in Broilers(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2011) Arivuchelvan, A.; TANUVAS; Murugesan, S.Antibiotics are highly used in poultry industry to treat infections and also for growth promotion. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic especially gentamicin and enrofloxacin are commonly used in poultry may lead to nephrotoxicity and chondrotoxicity respectively. The trend of using natural resources is on the increase not only for treatment of ailments but also to counteract the adverse effects of drugs and toxicants. Hence, this study was envisaged to explore the possible protective effects of Ocimum sanctum and Withania somnifera on the adverse effects of gentamicin and enrofloxacin respectively. In the present study two trials were conducted with two hundred and seventy straight run broiler chicks of Vencob strain for each trial. The birds were reared from day one with ad libitum feed and water. In each trial there were three replicates. Each replicate had nine treatments consisting of ten birds per treatment. In the first trial, group T1 was normal control with regular feed. Groups T2 and T3 were gentamicin controls and receiving normal feed. Groups T4 and T5 were Ocimum sanctum control receiving plant extracts mixed with feed. Groups T6 to T9 were treatment groups receiving both the drug and plant extract. Gentamicin was administered as single intramuscular injection on 15th day at 30mg/kg to groups T2, T6 and T8 and 50mg/kg to groups T3, T7 and T9. Inclusion of Ocimum sanctum was at 1% level in feed to groups T4, T6 and T7 and that 2% level to groups T5, T8 and T9. Similar groupings were followed in second trial with enrofloxacin at 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg, and Withania somnifera at 1% and 2% inclusion levels of feed. Enrofloxacin was administered through drinking water from 15th day to 21st day. All the groups were vaccinated against Newcastle viral disease on day 7 and day 21, using LaSota strain as intra ocular drops. Body weight and feed consumption were recorded at weekly interval. Blood was collected at the end of second, fourth and sixth weeks for biochemical and immunological analysis. At the end of fourth week and sixth week the birds were slaughtered and gross pathology of organs was observed. Liver, kidney and bone samples were collected for histopathological analysis. The body weight of gentamicin control was significantly decreased at the end of third and fourth week and reversed back to normal from fifth week. Supplementation of Ocimum sanctum significantly protected the gentamicin induced weight loss in a dose dependent manner. Feed intake was normal in all the groups throughout the study period. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin level were significantly reduced in gentamicin control at the end of fourth week. Treatment with Ocimum sanctum showed dose dependent significant increase in serum proteins. Serum ALT, AST levels were significantly increased in gentamicin control which was also reversed by Ocimum sanctum. Gentamicin induced decrease in serum sodium and potassium were normalized by Ocimum sanctum treatment. Serum lipid peroxidation was significantly increased, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase level in kidney were significantly decreased by gentamicin. The antioxidant enzyme levels were reversed to normal by inclusion of Ocimum sanctum. Increased serum uric acid and creatinine level in gentamicin control was significantly reduced by Ocimum sanctum treatment. HI titre was normal in all the groups. Gross pathology of kidney from gentamicin control showed mild to moderate congestion with multifocal haemorrhages in a dose dependent manner. The kidney of Ocimum sanctum treatment was comparable to that of control. Histopathological changes like necrosis of tubular epithelium, detachment of epithelial cells produced by gentamicin were brought to normal by Ocimum sanctum. In the second trial, body weight of enrofloxacin control group showed significant decrease at the end of third, fourth and fifth week. Withania somnifera treated groups showed dose dependant reversal of body weight to that of normal control. The serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels showed significant reduction in enrofloxacin control group that was reversed to normal by the addition of Withania somnifera in dose dependent manner at the end of the fourth week itself. Serum aspartate aminotransferase level showed increased trend in enrofloxacin control group, which was normalized by supplementation of Withania somnifera. Lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were within normal throughout study period in all the groups. Serum potassium level was brought back to normal in plant treated groups at the end of fourth week and serum sodium level was not much altered. Serum calcium level was significantly reduced in enrofloxacin treated group and Withania somnifera treated groups provided dose dependant protection. HI titre against Newcastle disease virus was increased in Withania somnifera control group and low dose of enrofloxacin group compared to other groups. Histopathology of Withania somnifera treated groups showed significant protection from chondrocyte damage induced by enrofloxacin, and showed the regenerating capacity of chondrocytes and reduced the articular surface erosion. It is concluded that co-administration of Ocimum sanctum and Withania somnifera along with gentamicin and enrofloxacin reduces the intensity of adverse effects of the antibacterials.ArticleItem Open Access FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ENROFLOXACIN SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR SUSTAINED ORAL DELIVERY(2015) Senthilkumar, P.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; Subramanian, N.; Senthilkumar, C.; Mekala, P.; TANUVASObjective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate enrofloxacin solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using a hot homogenization coupled with ultrasonication method for sustained oral delivery. Methods: The SLNs were prepared using tripalmitin as lipid carrier, tween 80 and span 80 as surfactants and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer. The factors such as composition and concentration of lipid carrier and surfactant on the particle size were investigated to optimize the formulations. The optimized SLNs formulations were utilized to entrap enrofloxacin and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (using dynamic light scattering), shape (using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]), drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) , loading capacity (LC) (using by dialysis and ultracentrifugation methods), and in vitro drug release (using by dialysis). The prepared SLNs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to confirm the cross-linking reaction between drug, lipid and surfactants. Results: The results demonstrated that the particle size, PDI, zeta potential, EE and LC of the enrofloxacin SLNs were 154.72±6.11 nm, 0.42±0.11, −28.83±0.60 mV, 59.66±3.22% and 6.13±0.32%, respectively. TEM and AFM images showed spherical to circular particles with well-defined periphery. In vitro drug release exhibited biphasic pattern with an initial burst release of 18% within 2 hrs, followed by sustained release over 96 hrs. FT-IR study suggested that during the process of formulations, lipid and surfactants have not reacted with the drug to give rise to reactant products and it was only physical mixture. Conclusion: The results indicated that SLNs might be a promising delivery system to prolong and enhance the pharmacological activity of enrofloxacin.ArticleItem Open Access Hepatoprotective Effect of Alloe Health Drink in Broiler Chicken(Indian Veterinary Association, 2015-12) Mekala, P.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; Yogeswari, R.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Raja, M.J.; TANUVASAflatoxicosis was induced in commercial broiler chicken by administering 0.25 and O.5ppm of aflatoxin through feed. The birds were concurrently treated with alloe health drink, a commercial preparation at 1. and 2 per cent level through drinking Water. Aflatoxin (0.5 ppm) induced reduction in serum antioxidant enzymes and histopathological changes in liver were reversed to near normal by supplementa- tion of alloe health drink at 2 per cent level.ArticleItem Open Access Immunomodulatory Activity of Allium Sativum Against Newcastle Disease in Native Poultry Birds(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2016-05) Chakravarthi, P. Vikrama; Arivuchelvan, A.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; TANUVASPresent study was carriedout to explore the immunomodulatory activity of Allium sativum against Newcastle disease in native poultry birds. Five groups of fty birds were divided equally and T1 and T2 group served as negative and positive control whereas T3, T4 and T5 groups were supplemented with 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 % of A. sativum bulb powder in feed from 15th day to four months. Vaccination was carried out on 15th and on 90th day using commercial oral pellet vaccine. Blood samples were collected on 15th, 45th, 90th and 112th day and HI assay was carried out. The results have revealed that A.sativum groups produced signicant HI titre than the control groups, hence it can be used as an immunomodulating agent in native poultry birds.OtherItem Open Access In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Two Varieties of Allium Sativa L. Against E.Coli Organisms Isolated from Poultry(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2012-09) Mekala, P.; Senthilkumar, P.; Jagadeeswaran, A.; Arivuchelvan, A.; Murthy, T.R. Gopala Krishna; TANUVASThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ON DlGESTIVE AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS IN POST PEAK LAYER CHICKEN(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2017) Reka, D.; Thavasiappan, V.; Selvaraj, P.; Arivuchelvan, A.; TANUVASRare earth elements (REE) are the elements which include 17 transition elements of the lll subgroup in the periodic table.REE act as calcium analogs in various biological processes in living cells and can improve the protein and other nutrient utilization through stimulating activities of the hormones such as growth promoting hormone (triiodothyronine). Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast and effective adsorbent for minerals which is rich in crude protein and vitamin-B complex.