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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON AND PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF SIDEROPHORES PRODUCING FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS DIVERSITY IN REPLANT PROBLEM AND NORMAL SITES OF APPLE AND PEAR(2010) LIMBU, SHEFALI; KAUR, MOHINDERABSTRACT The present study attempted to identify and characterize fluorescent Pseudomonas species isolated from rhizosphere of apple and pear growing in normal and replant sites of Chamba distt.. and to optimize and maximize its siderophore production, its purification and in vitro antagonistic action against phytopathogens. All Pseudomonas isolates showed additional features like production of antifungal metabolites, hydrogen cyanide, indole-3-acetic acid, protease enzyme and phosphate solubilization. Four Pseudomonas isolates (PN 3 BAK, PR 5 BAK, AN 4 BAK and AR 5 BAK) were selected for further production purpose after screening for siderophore activity. Siderophore production was optimum at temperature 300C, 72 h of incubation period, shake condition (90 rpm) and pH 7 in an iron free succinate media. An attempt was also made to purify and partially characterize siderophores produced by the four Pseudomonas isolates. Extraction by diethyl ether proved to be the best, giving only one peak with Dowex-50 column. The purified siderophores gave yellow spots with chrome azurol-S reagent in thin layer chromatography. Chemical characterization and spectrophotochemical detection of siderophore revealed that the type of siderophore was hydroxamate. Extracts from best selected Pseudomonas isolates showed positive antimicrobial activity against some fungal pathogens, viz., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythium sp.and Rhizoctonia solani. These strains showed their extensive inhibition effect against Xanthomonas campestris and Bacillus sp. These in vitro antimicrobial actions of Pseudomonas isolates against phytopathogens suggest the potential of the organism to serve as a biocontrol and plant growth promoting agents that could be used and further standardized for field trials for management of replant problem of apple and pear in Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH Podophyllum hexandrum(2012) SHARMA, PARUL; SHIRKOT, C.K.ABSTRACT Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to influence plant growth by various direct or indirect mechanisms. Worldwide, there is a profound need to explore varied ecological niches for the presence of native microorganisms. Very limited information is available in respect of PGPR associated with medicinal plants such as Podophyllum hexandrum. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the plant growth promoting potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from Podophyllum hexandrum. Forty one bacterial isolates were selected (by replica plating technique) as the representative of the total plated population from the rhizosphere soil and rhizome/roots of the Podophyllum hexandrum from four sites of location Churdhar. All the bacterial isolates were able to grow simultaneously on nutrient agar, Pikovskaya’s, nitrogen free media and CAS media and selected for further screening for various plant growth promoting activities. Plant growth promotion assay was performed with tomato seedlings. Seed bacterization with bacterial strains increased the germination percent of tomato seed in filter paper assay as well as in growth chamber. The effect of seed treatment with bacterial isolates on per cent increase in root length (90%), shoot length (86.66%), shoot dry weight (334.46%) and plant biomass (240.32%) was found maximum with 2a1 inoculation and also with some other bacterial strains as compared to untreated control. From these results we conclude that the native strains with PGPR activity, can play an essential role in helping plants to establish and grow. Moreover, native strains described in this study could be employed to minimize the utilization of synthetic fungicides contributing to preservation of environment. Also screened isolates can be employed for growth promotion of Podophyllum hexandrum and other medicinal plants which face a major threat of extinction.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF PEACH GENIC-SSRs AND TRANSFERABILITY TO SOME ROSACEAE SPECIES(2012) SHILPA; KAUR, RAJINDERABSTRACT In the present investigation EST – SSR markers were developed for peach and were further used for cross-transferability studies in some Rosaceae species viz., apricot, apple, rose and strawberry. EST sequences of Prunus persica available on NCBI website (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucest) were screened for SSR motifs using an online tool, SSRIT (www.gramene.org/db/searches/SSRtool). 240 EST sequences were detected to contain SSRs, out of which 52 EST-SSRs were designed using PRIMER 3 software (www.frodo.wimit. edu/primer3/). Out of 52 EST-SSRs, 43 were custom synthesized. In the wet lab experimentation , DNA from fresh, young leaves of six genotypes of peach, four genotypes each of apricot, apple, rose and strawberry was isolated by CTAB method (Doyle and Doyle, 1987) for polymorphism and transferability studies. These 43 custom synthesized primers were used for polymorphism study in peach. Out of 43 primers, 38 primers showed amplification, out of which 20 were polymorphic, revealing 68% polymorphism in peach. These 20 polymorphic primers of peach were then further used to carry out transferability studies in apricot, apple, rose and strawberry. 50%, 95%, 95% and 45% transferability was observed in apricot, apple, rose and strawberry, respectively. Similarity matrices and dendrograms were generated using NTSys ver.2.02h and dissimilarity matrices and rooted trees were generated using DARwin 5 ver.5.0.155 for polymorphism data of all genotypes under study. All the 22 genotypes under study were grouped into two main clusters. Rooted tree of 22 genotypes revealed that ‘Lazy’ cultivar of apricot was singled out from rest of the cluster. Thus it is concluded from the present study that ESTs of peach produced high polymorphism in different Rosaceous species indicating their cross-transferability and use across different members of Rosaceous family.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ROOT COLONIZATION OF APPLE PLANT BY POTENTIAL Pseudomonas SPECIES IN REPLANT SITES(2013) KUMARI, MANORMA; KAUR, MOHINDERABSTRACT In the present study, isolation and characterization of indigenous fluorescent Pseudomonas strains from normal and replant site of apple orchard (Shimla H.P.) was done. Root colonizing bacteria that exert beneficial effects on plant development via direct or indirect mechanisms have been defined as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) The aim of the study to select and to develop PGP strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas species having efficient root colonizing capacity with direct and indirect plant growth promoting activities for management of replant problem of apple. The fourteen Pseudomonas species isolates were screened out for various plant growth promoting activities like siderophores, phosphate solubilization, antifungal activity, plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins), lytic enzymes and production of HCN and ammonia. On the basis of PGPR activities, nine isolates were genotypically characterized by RAPD and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Out of them, two best isolates (Pn-13-San and An-16-Kul) were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pn-13-San showed 99% homology with Pseudomonas aeruginosa M18 with accession number (NC_017548). An-16-Kul showed 99% homology with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with accession number (NC_002516.2). These two strains exploited for the management of replant problem of apple in replant site at Maggota (Shimla). In replant field these two strains used individually and their consortia for treatment of apple rootstocks before planting. The performance of apple plants was much better in terms of root colonization capacity, plant establishment and increase in plant growth in terms of plant height, number of nodes and branches, chlorophyll content of leaves and NPK of rhizosphere soil over their respective control after nine and twenty months of plantation. These strains can be further exploited for management of replant problem of apple after conducting few more field trials in replant sites and can have great importance in the field of horticulture.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC FIDELITY OF MICROPROPAGATED PLANTS OF CARNATION (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)(2012) RAJNI, KUMARI; SHARMA, S.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “ Genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)” was carried out to study the genetic similarity among the plants micropropagated through different technique of micropropagation viz. axillary buds, suspension and callus culture through RAPD markers. All types of shoots were multiplied on already standardized medium containing MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 BA which was solidified with 1.0% agar in order to lessen the problem of vitrification. In vitro raised shoots were rooted in ½ strength MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l-1 IBA and 2 g l-1 activated charcoal and hardened successfully. Analysis of genomic DNA of mother plant and fifteen in vitro raised well acclimatized plants generates 35 Scorable bands, out of which 32, 28 and 29 bands were monomorphic among vegetativaly propagated (97.14%), suspension culture (80.00%) and callus culture (85.72%) derived plants respectively and 1, 7 and 5 polymorphic bands among vegetativaly propagated (2.86%), suspension culture (20.00%) and callus culture (14.28%) derived plants respectively. The presences of polymorphic fragments among regenerants indicate that genomic alteration occurred during long term culture of the cell. Similarity co-efficient value ranged from 0.97-1.00 for mother and axillary derived plants, 0.82-1.00 for mother and suspension culture derived plants and 0.85-1.00 for mother and callus derived plants. Hence, the regeneration system from organized meristem, such as shoot tip and axillary buds are considered to be most efficient method of micropropagation than others. Although plants derived from axillary buds showed the stability but not always genetically true to the type. Hence it is imperative to regularly check the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants while using different techniques of micropropagation.ThesisItem Open Access IN VITRO SELECTION OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC.) AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM f.sp. ZINGIBERI(2013) SHARMA, SONAM; THAKUR, MANISHAABSTRACT The present investigation aims at ‘In vitro selection of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi’. Callus was obtained from root explants procured from in vitro cultures of ginger cv. Himgiri. MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D proved to be the best medium for callus induction. Shoot differentiation and regeneration from callus was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA. Well-developed multiple shoots formed roots on the same medium after 2-3 passages of subculture, thus eliminating the necessary step of in vitro rooting. Cell line selection against Fusarium was done by using culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi as a selective agent. Calli was selected at 15 per cent level of fungal culture filtrate and multiplied on the previously standardized callus induction medium. Then the selected calli were cultured on shoot differentiation medium. After shoot differentiation the rooted controls as well as selected plantlets were tested through in vitro testing using mycelium suspension of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi. One resistant plant could be obtained after in vitro selection which showed slight symptoms of Fusarium infection which was hardened by transferring to sterilized potting mixture.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF GISELA-5 (Prunus cerasus X Prunus canescens) - CHERRY ROOTSTOCK(2015) SHARMA, VISHAL; THAKUR, MANISHAABSTRACT In the present investigation, a technique for in vitro propagation of Gisela-5 (Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens)- cherry rootstock has been developed. It was observed that maximum in vitro establishment was achieved during the month of July and February. Treatment with 0.1 per cent HgCl2 for 5 minutes was found to be the best as it gave maximum number of uncontaminated buds and bud survival. Maximum in vitro establishment of explants (70%) was achieved on MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l GA3. Highest multiplication rate of 1:5 was observed on five medium combinations (MS medium + 0.3 mg/l BA + 0.2 mg/l GA3, MS+ 0.5 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l GA3 + 0.1 mg/l IBA, MS +0.3 mg/l BA + 0.2 mg/l GA3 + 0.1 mg/l IBA, MS + 0.25 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA + 0.25 mg/l kin and MS + 0.3 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l GA3 + 0.1 mg/l IBA). Shoot multiplication rate and shoot length showed an increase with the increase in number of passages which increased to a maximal of 1:9 and 6 cm after third and fourth passage. Best rooting of 18.20 per cent was observed after fourth subculture on half strength MS medium with 0.5 mg/l IBA in one step procedure whereas, in two step procedure of rooting, maximum rooting (53.33%) was observed after 24 hours dark incubation in half strength MS broth fortified with 0.5 mg/l IBA followed by transfer to semisolid half strength MS basal medium. Rooted plantlets were transplanted in sterilized sand for hardening and kept in the glasshouse. 90 per cent survival was observed after 4 weeks of transfer. In vitro mother cultures were indexed for CLRV, ACLSV and PNRSV using DAS-ELISA procedure. All the tested samples showed negative results for the presence of these viruses.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC STABILITY OF IN VITRO PROPAGATED CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTIVAR “PURNIMA” USING MOLECULAR MARKERS(2015) SHARMA, SHIKHA; NATH, AMARJEET K.ABSTRACT The present research entitled “Studies on genetic stability of in vitro propagated chrysanthemum cultivar “Purnima” using molecular markers.” was carried out during 20132014 & 2014-2015 in the Department of Biotechnology Nauni, Solan (H.P.) Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.). Axillary buds and leaf segments were used as explants for regeneration of plants. Chrysanthemum plants of the cultivar “Purnima”were regenerated from axillary bud by shoot bud proliferation and by an intermediate callus stage from leaves. The concentration of 2mg/l BAP + 0.5mg/l NAA and 1.5mg/l BAP + 0.25 mg/l NAA were found best for establishment of axillary buds and leaf explant. MS medium supplemented with 0.2mg/l BAP + 0.2mg/l NAA+1mg/l GA3 and 1 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1mg/l GA3 concentration were found best for axillary bud proliferation and callus induction from leaf segments, respectively. MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l 2, 4-D +1.0 mg/l kinetin and 2mg/l BAP + 0.25mg/l NAA produced maximum number of shoots formed from axillary buds and from callus cultures, respectively. The rooting ½ strength MS medium containing 0.5mg/l IBA, produced maximum number of roots from both explants. Plant regenerated from axillary buds showed early flowering. The genetic stability between mother plant, plant regenerated from axillary bud and callus culture were carried out by using RAPD markers. Genomic DNA was isolated from young leaves of plants using CTAB method and amplified using 20 random decamer primers out of these only 15 produced polymorphism. Similarity coefficient was calculated by using Dices coefficient ranged from 0.30 to 0.50. Dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA method for the clustering of mother plant, plants regenerated from axillary bud and callus. Mother plant formed separate cluster while plant regenerated from axillary bud and callus together formed one cluster that further subdivided. From the data obtained during present study it can be concluded that plants produced in vitro either by micropropagation or from callus culture were not genetically similar to mother plant.