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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. UNDER ORGANIC FARMING(UHF Nauni, 2024-07-20) NYAMKOI; Bhupender DuttThe present investigations on "Development of cultivation practices of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. under organic farming," were carried out in the experimental field and laboratory of the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). Among the two seed sources of Silybum marianum procured from CIMAP, Lucknow and UHF, Nauni have revealed that the species is an annual herb with hollow stems and a taproot system. Seed procured from CIMAP, Lucknow has shown flowering and fruiting period of 14-18 days and 12-16 days, while seeds from UHF, Nauni, had flowering and fruiting period of 20-23 days and 16-19 days, respectively. Maximum plant height (106.51 cm), number of primary flower heads (4.50), number of secondary flower heads (2.75), number of seeds per plant (670), seed weight per plant (12.73g) and silymarin content (1.93%) were exhibited by the seeds from CIMAP, Lucknow. Sowing of seeds in the nursery during November under protected condition with application of vermicompost + cocopeat showed maximum germination (97.67%), shoot length (8.10 cm) and root length (7.43 cm). A spacing of 50 x 20 cm resulted in maximum plant height (135.40 cm), seed yield (13.35q ha-1), and silymarin content (2.19%) with the application of vermicompost + PSB. Maximum number of primary branches per plant (5.90), number of secondary branches per plant (3.41), number of primary flower heads per plant (5.90), number of secondary flower heads per plant (3.41), number of leaves per plant (18.84), number of seeds per primary capitulum (95.29), number of seeds per secondary capitulum (65.30), number of seeds per plant (1049.20), and seed weight per plant (17.88g) were obtained using vermicompost + PSB at a spacing of 60 x 40 cm. Highest output-input ratio (1.73) was noticed at 50 x 20 spacing with the application of PSB. The study showed that seeds sourced from CIMAP, Lucknow exhibited superior traits and nursery sowing in November under protected condition with the application of vermicompost + cocopeat was suitable for germination as well as seedling growth. Application of vermicompost + PSB at a spacing of 60 x 40 cm and 50 x 20 cm was best for growth and seed yield, respectively. The application of PSB at a spacing of 50 x 20 cm has greater economic feasibility.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES AND DUS CHARACTERIZATION IN GLADIOLUS (Gladiolus L.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-07-24) RAGINI BHARDWAJ; Puja SharmaThe investigation entitled "Genetic Studies and DUS characterization in gladiolus (Gladiolus L.)" including 25 gladiolus genotypes was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan for two consecutive years, 2021-22 and 2022-23 following Randomized Block Design with three replications. Two separate sets of experiments were conducted. Eleven genotypes were planted under protected conditions while rest fourteen were planted under open field conditions. Among the genotypes tested under protected conditions ‘Pratap Glad -1’ and ‘Pusa Manmohak’ performed well for different flowering attributes. Under both protected and open conditions high values for GCV and PCV and high heritability with highest genetic gain were recorded for fresh weight of corms, fresh weight of cormels and number of cormels per plant. For protected environment, high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was observed for plant height and cut spike length and a significant positive correlation of number of florets per spike was found with percent sprouting of corms, number of leaves per plant, plant height, cut spike length, rachis length, vase life, fresh weight of corms and diameter of corms. The cut spike length however showed maximum positive direct effect on the number of florets per spike. For protected environment, the 11 genotypes were grouped into four clusters and the highest inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster-II & cluster-III. ‘Arka Amar’ performed best in open field conditions. High heritability with moderate genetic advance was however found for fresh weight of corms and significant positive correlation of number of florets per spike was found with percent sprouting of corms, number of leaves per plant, days taken for spike emergence, plant height, cut spike length, rachis length, diameter of floret, vase life and corm parameters. Maximum positive direct effect on number of florets per spike was however exhibited by fresh weight of cormels. All the 14 genotypes were grouped into four clusters with the highest inter cluster distance recorded between cluster-II & cluster-III. Selected 25 gladiolus genotypes were examined for a total of 66 morphological characteristics and DUS characterization was done. The morphological DUS descriptor was found to be particularly efficient in distinguishing and classifying genotypes according to specific traits.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PROPAGATION AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN DAHLIA (Dahlia variabilis L.)(UHF Nauni, 2024-07-24) MANISH KUMAR; Priyanka ThakurThe present investigation entitled “Studies on propagation and production technology in dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) was carried out at Experimental Farm of Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station, Dhaulakuan, District Sirmour (HP), under the aegis of Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan, HP. The research was conducted from September 2021 to June 2023 including two experiments i.e.; "Effect of propagation time and rooting media in dahlia" in CRD (Factorial) design with three replications. The main aim was to find out suitable rooting media, Sand, Cocopeat + Sand (1:1) and Cocopeat + Sand + FYM (1:1:1) and planting dates (September 15th, October 15th, and November 15th) under low hills of HP for the propagation of five dahlia cultivars namely Anarkali, Gargi, Giani Zail Singh, Matungini and Suryadev. Findings revealed that September 15th was found be the best planting date for the propagation of dahlia cultivars, in terms of root length (5.86 cm and 6.31 cm), number of days taken for rooting (22.18 days and 20.41 days), quality of rooted propagule (8.24 and 8.45) and survival percentage of cuttings (90.20 % and 91.35 %) in both the years. Among the media, Cocopeat + Sand (1:1) was found to be the best for propagation of dahlia in terms of root length (6.46 cm and 6.91 cm), number of days taken for rooting (31.03 days and 28.56 days), quality of rooted propagule (7.67 and 7.85) and survival percentage of cuttings (82.22 % and 83.08 %). Cv. Matungini was recorded best for number of days taken for rooting (27.53 days and 24.90 days), cv. Giani Zail Singh for root length (6.58 cm and 7.16 cm), and for quality of rooted propagule (8.39 and 8.61) and survival percentage of cuttings (85.65 % and 87.00 %), cv. Suryadev was found to be best. Overall, combination of Cocopeat and Sand (1:1) media and September 15th planting was found best for the propagation of dahlia. Second experiment was on " Standardization of planting time for growth and flowering of dahlia cultivars" in RBD (Factorial) design with three replications. The experiment was conducted on above mentioned same cultivars and aim was to observe flowering and tuber production in three different planting dates (October 15th, November 15th and December 15th). Maximum plant height (123.37 cm) and vase life (6.22 days) was recorded during November 15th in cv. Suryadev. Minimum days taken to flowering was observed in cv. Matungini (97.27 days) in similar month, maximum duration of flowering (98.27 days) and number of cut stems (18.05) was recorded during October 15th in cv Matungini. For tuber production, maximum tuber yield per plot was noted during October 15th (3988.67 g) in cv. Anarkali. Overall, October 15th was found to be optimal for flowering and tuber production, while November 15th was identified as the best time for vase life.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of bio-organic nutrient sources on soil properties and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) in sub-tropics of Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2024-07-06) Ojaswini; Rakesh SharmaThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of different bio -organic nutrient sources on soil properties and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) in sub-tropics of Himachal Pradesh and was carried out during rabi 2022-23 at the experimental farm of Department of Soil Science and Water Management, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur. The experiment was laid out with nine treatments in a randomized block design, each replicated thrice. The treatments included: T 1 = Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5 % at weekly interval, T2 = FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + R.D.F (recommended practice of manure and fertilizers), T 3 = FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5 % at weekly interval, T 4 = FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5 % at fortnight interval, T 5 = Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 + R.D.F, T6 = Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5 % at weekly interval, T 7 = Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5 % at fortnight interval, T8 = Ghanjeevamrit @ 5t ha-1 + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5% at fortnight interval and T 9 = 100 per cent R.D.F where, R.D.F was recommended dose of fertilizers (NPK = 120:75:60 kg ha-1). Results of the investigation revealed that treatment T 6 recorded maximum onion growth, yield, quality parameters along with nutrient uptake by the crop and outperformed the treatment T 2 (recommended dose of manure and fertilizers). Treatment T 6 also observed 9.63 per cent increment in bulb yield per hectare over treatment T2, coupled with the highest (2.43) benefit: cost ratio. Further, there was a significant effect of different nutrient sources on various soil properties. The maximum soil water holding capacity, soil organic carbon, available N,P, K, S and DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) content were observed under treatment T 3. Treatment T3 also recorded a significant increase in biological properties such as total microbial population, total fungal population, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, soil respiration, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and dehydrogenase activity which indicated the pivotal role of soil properties for the nutrient dynamics and availability to the crop. A positive and significant relationship of bulb yield was observed with plant height, number of leaves, bulb diameter, total soluble solids, total N, P, K and S uptake. Plant available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, total viable microbial population, total fungal population, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, soilrespiration, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and dehydrogenase activity demonstrated the positive and significant relationship with onion bulb yield. Thus, the results concluded that jeevamrit @ 5 per cent at weekly intervals in conjuction with FYM, vermicompost and ghanjeevamrit revealed superior results for growth, yield, quality parameters of onion and also improved the soil properties over combined application of RDF with FYM and vermicompost.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF CEREAL AND PULSE CROPS UNDER Grewia optiva DRUMMOND. BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN MID-HILL REGION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-05-22) PRAKASH; K S PantThe present study entitled “Performance of Cereal and Pulse Crops under Grewia optiva Drummond. based Agroforestry Systems in Mid-hill Region of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the years 2021-2023 at experimental farm Majhgoan, Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The experiment was laid out in RBD factorial design with eight organic and inorganic manure treatments (T1: RDF (Recommended dose of Fertilizer), T2: FYM (100% N equivalent basis), T3: Vermicompost (100% N equivalent basis), T4: Goat manure (100% N equivalent basis), T5: 50% RDF + 50% FYM,T6: 50% RDF + 50% VC,T7: 50% RDF + 50% GM, T8: Control) and two planting conditions (S1: under Grewia optiva Drummond. based agroforestry system and S2: open conditions) with three replications to evaluate the effects of planting conditions and integrated nutrient management on growth and yield parameters of field crops (wheat, lentil and maize, mash) along with physical and chemical properties of soil and economics of the systems. The results revealed that growth and yield parameters of cereals and pulses were better in the sole cropping system as compared to the tree canopy of Grewia optiva Drummond. Among various nutrient sources, T5 (50 % RDF + 50 % FYM) exhibited the best results for growth and yield attributes than the control (T8). All the physical as well as chemical properties of soil after harvest of field crops improved under Grewia optiva based agroforestry system along with the application of 100 % FYM (T2). Agroforestry system comprising Grewia optiva + wheat + mash proved to be the best system in term of gross returns (Rs.220897.72ha-1), net returns Rs. 85769.76ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.70) as compared to the agroforestry system comprises Grewia optiva + maize + lentil. Higher land equivalent ratio was observed in pulses + Grewia optiva as compared to cereals + Grewia optiva, which signifies the profitability of pulses over cereals Among all combinations studied, mash + Grewia optiva proved to be the best agroforestry system, from both ecological and economical point of view. However, combined application of organic and inorganic manures increased the yield as well as improved the soil properties together with mounted benefit cost ratio; offer an excellent opportunity to the farmers for better soil health and monetary benefits.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FIELD CROPS UNDER WILD POMEGRANATE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS(UHF Nauni, 2024-06-24) AVINASH KUMAR BHATIA; K S PantThe present study entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management on the performance of field crops under wild pomegranate based agroforestry systems” was conducted during the years 2021-2023 at Pandah, experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The experiment was laid out in RBD factorial design with twelve organic and inorganic manure treatments (T1: RDF (Recommended dose of Fertilizer), T2: FYM (100% N equivalent basis), T3: Vermicompost (100% N equivalent basis), T4: Goat manure (100% N equivalent basis), T5: Jeevamrut @ 500 l/ha, T6: 50% RDF + 50% FYM, T7: 50% RDF + 50% VC, T8: 50% RDF + 50% GM, T9: 50% RDF + 50% Jeevamrut, T10: 50% RDF + 25% FYM + 25% VC, T11: 50% RDF + 25% GM + 25% Jeevamrut and T12: Control) and two planting conditions (S1: under wild pomegranate based agroforestry system and S2: open conditions) with three replications to evaluate the effects of planting conditions and integrated nutrient management on growth and yield parameters of field crops (maize, wheat, mash and chickpea) along with physical and chemical properties of soil and economics of the systems. Besides this, CRD design was used to study the allelopathic effect of wild pomegranate leaf extract on field crops in laboratory condition with five concentrations (T1: 5 %, T2: 10 %, T3: 15 %, T4: 20 % and T5: control) and four replications. The results revealed that growth and yield parameters of cereals and pulses were better in the sole cropping system as compared to the tree canopy of wild pomegranate. Among various nutrient sources, T6 (50 % RDF + 50 % FYM) exhibited the best results for growth and yield attributes than the control (T12). All the physical as well as chemical properties of soil after harvest of field crops improved under wild pomegranate based agroforestry system along with the application of 100 % FYM (T2). Higher allelopathic effect of wild pomegranate leaf extract was obtained under T4 (20 % concentration) however, maximum germination percent, plumule length and vigour index was registered in mash, while, the maximum radicle length and growth rate index was recorded in wheat. From economics point of view, agroforestry system comprising wild pomegranate + wheat + mash proved to be the best system in term of gross returns (Rs. 149773.56 ha-1), net returns Rs. 154329.30 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.26) as compared to the agroforestry system comprises wild pomegranate + maize + chickpea. Higher land equivalent ratio was observed in pulses + wild pomegranate as compared to cereals + wild pomegranate, which signifies the profitability of pulses over cereals Among all combinations studied, mash + wild pomegranate proved to be the best agroforestry system, from both ecological and economical point of view. However, combined application of organic and inorganic manures increased the yield as well as soil properties together with mounted benefit cost ratio, offer an excellent opportunity to the farmers for increasing their yield along with improved soil health and better health as well. Signature of the SThesisItem Open Access OPTIMIZATION PARAMETERS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT BASED HERBAL KOMBUCHA(UHF Nauni, 2024-07-12) ARUNKUMAR L; Rakesh SharmaThe present investigation entitled, “Optimization parameters for the development of fruit based herbal kombucha” was conducted during 2022-2023 in the department of Food Science and Technology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The aim of this study was to prepare primary kombucha using fresh tea leaves and honey, followed by its utilization for the development of apple and mint based kombucha. Kombucha is a refreshing low alcoholic beverage, traditionally produced from the fermentation of sweetened black or green tea (Camellia sinensis), by a biofilm of cellulose that contains the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The traditional substrate used for kombucha is tea and it is sweetened with table sugar. Production of flavoured kombucha involves two stages of fermentation including primary and secondary. Primary fermentation involves aerobic fermentation of sweetened tea with SCOBY to produce primary kombucha. The process of secondary fermentation involves the addition of various flavorings, such as fruits, herbs, flowers, and vegetables, in varying concentrations to the primary kombucha that was obtained, followed by anaerobic fermentation. In this study the parameters like fresh tea leaves concentration (14 g/L), honey concentration (70 g/L) and fermentation time (8.5 days) were optimized using RSM for the production of primary kombucha. The prepared primary kombucha was found to have total phenolic content and antioxidant activity as 450.85mg GAE/L and 54.12 per cent DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively. Further, it was also found to have minimum titratable acidity (0.92±0.02 % acetic acid) total soluble solids (3.84±0.05 0B) which makes the product suitable for secondary fermentation with added fruit juice. For the development of fruit and herbal based kombucha different concentration of apple juice and mint extract were added in primary kombucha and anaerobic fermentation was carried for 2 to 4 days. Apple kombucha having 25 per cent apple juice, mint kombucha having 9 per cent mint extract and apple-mint kombucha having both 25 per cent apple juice and 9 per cent mint extract were selected based on sensory scores and alcohol content (< 1.5 % v/v). Thereafter, the developed products were packed in 200 ml glass bottle and analyzed for quality (nutritional and quality) of the products during 2 months of storage at refrigeration condition. These products exhibited superior taste, palatability, and both functional and nutritive value. Moreover, the beverages retained their acceptable quality and could be stored for two months in glass bottles at refrigeration condition. The cost of production of all products was comparable to the cost of similar products in the market. So, production flavoured kombucha will definitely benefit masses those are looking for healthier and low risk fizzy drinks in their day-to-day life.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL VARIABILITY OF HILL LEMON FRUITS (Citrus pseudolimon Tanaka) FROM DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-05-03) VAIBHAV TUNGAL; Anshu SharmaThe present studies entitled "Evaluation of functional variability of Hill lemon fruits (Citrus pseudolimon Tanaka) from different locations of Himachal Pradesh" was conducted in 2023-24 at Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, HP. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different locations of Himachal Pradesh on physico-chemical attributes of Hill lemon fruits to find out functional variability among the fruits of different locations. Hill lemon fruits were collected from two separate distant locations within each of the seven districts of HP, namely Kangra, Una, Hamirpur, Bilaspur, Mandi, Solan and Sirmaur districts. Among all the 14 locations, physical attributes viz., fruit weight (611.93 g), length (141.00 mm), width (95.00 mm), volume (625.00 ml), number of seeds per fruit (30.66), juice content (45.13 %), edible segment content (81.51%) and juice peel ratio (2.47) were observed maximum in L11 (Parwanoo). The same aforementioned physical parameters were observed as minimum in L7 (Una city). Among all the locations, chemical attributes viz., TSS (7.50 ºB), titratable acidity (6.10 %), ascorbic acid (46.56 mg/100 g), total phenols (79.38 mg/100 g), flavonoids (8.70 mg/100 g), antioxidant activity (50.40 %) and ash content (1.80 %) were observed highest in fruit segments of L11. Limonin (3.05 mg/100 g), naringin (6.19 mg/100 g), and fibre (6.04 %) content was observed highest in L7 while same location treatment showed least values for moisture (79.00 %), TSS (5.30ºB), titratable acidity (4.03%), ascorbic acid (25.50 mg/100 g), total phenols (44.73 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (28.52 %). Minimum values were observed for limonin (1.10 mg/100 g), naringin (2.34 mg/100 g), flavonoids (3.98 mg/100 g) and ash content (0.52 %) in L12 (Chail). Among all the locations, highest TSS (5.48 ºB), titratable acidity (0.56 %), total sugars (4.76 %), ascorbic acid (71.77 mg/100g), total phenols (128.90 mg/100 g), flavonoids (69.10 mg/100 g), antioxidant activity (87.50 %) and ash content (4.05 %) were observed in peel of L11. Peel of L7 showed minimum moisture (62.33 %), TSS (3.70 ºB), total sugars (3.05 %), ascorbic acid (47.60 mg/100 g), total phenols (85.45 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (51.05 %) while the same location showed maximum values for limonin (29.20 mg/100 g), naringin (38.00 mg/100 g) and fibre (11.23 %) content of peel. L12 showed minimum values for reducing sugars (0.49 %), limonin (6.70 mg/100g), naringin (15.60 mg/100 g), flavonoids (28.30 mg/100 g) and ash content (2.15 %) for peel of Hill lemon fruit.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF HILL LEMON PEEL SUPPLEMENTED BAKERY PRODUCTS(UHF Nauni, 2024-04-08) AYUSHI TIWARI; Manisha KaushalThe present study entitled “Development and evaluation of Hill Lemon peel supplemented bakery products” was conducted in the Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during the year 2022-2023. Hill lemon peel was utilized for the preparation of powder and osmotically dehydrated conventional chunks which were fortified in products for the preparation of Hill lemon peel fortified cookies and biscuits. The blanching conditions of Hill lemon peel with respect to size was standardized on the basis of naringin content, colour value (L*, a*, b*) and sensory characteristics which was then converted into powder (250μm) and chunks (1×1 cm2) for fortification in cookies and biscuits. Among different concentrations, 7.5 per cent peel powder and peel chunks were optimized in biscuits where both honey and sugar were used as sweetening agents. The quality characteristics of the fortified biscuits and cookies highlighted the significant increment in total phenols, antioxidant activity and fiber besides other nutrients. The standardized treatments showed non- significant changes in different physico- chemical and sensory characteristics of products up to 21 days of storage. The cost of production of Hill lemon peel fortified cookies with peel powder was calculated as Rs 19 and for chunks was calculated as Rs 17 and biscuits with sugar as a sweetening agent, biscuits with honey as a sweetening agent were calculated as Rs 24 and Rs 25, respectively. Henceforth, Hill lemon peel powder and chunks can successfully be utilized in the supplementation or fortification in bakery and confectionary products which can be a boon to the food industry for the development of nutritional rich health products with therapeutic importance.
