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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IN VITRO REGENERATION OF ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT NAG CHHATRI (TRILLIUM GOVANIANUM WALL. EX D. DON)(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-12) KUMAR, VINAY; SHARMA, RAJNISHABSTRACT The present investigations were aimed at “Studies on in vitro regeneration of endangered medicinal plant nag chhatri (Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don)”. Plant material was procured from the natural habitat and different parts viz., seeds, roots, rhizome discs, rhizome buds, stems and leaves were used as explants for in vitro regeneration. Highest per cent survival 86.67%, 84.45%, 83.33% and 93.33% was observed in seed, root, rhizome disc and rhizome bud explants, respectively when treated with 0.2% carbendazim for 5 mins along with 0.1% HgCl2 for 3 mins while phytotoxic effect of different sterilants was observed on leaf and stem explants. Out of different explants used, rhizome buds showed 96.67% shoot regeneration on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l kinetin, 0.5 mg/l GA3 with average shoot length of 4.33 cm after 4 weeks of culturing. Modified MS medium containing ammonium sulphate, 7.00 mM CaCl2and 0.2 mM Fe-EDDHA was used for shoot regeneration to overcome the problem of leaf chlorosis that was observed after one week from shoot proliferation. Substantial increase in the production of lateral buds and mini rhizomes was found on MS medium enriched with 6% sucrose, 0.5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l kinetin, 0.5 mg/l GA3 and 100 mg/l casein hydrolysate with 93.33% bud production. Higher concentration of sucrose, growth regulators (BAP & TDZ) and additives (casein hydrolysate & L-glutamine) showed significant effect on mini rhizomes production from in vitro derived lateral buds. Number of experiments were carried out for inducing in vitro rooting in regenerated shoots and mini rhizomes using different auxins on half strength and full strength media, respectively, but rooting couldn’t be achieved because of the browning of established shoots and mini rhizomes. Therefore, it was inferred that the present study would be helpful towards various in vitro conservation practices of this valuable medicinal herb in near future. Keywords: In vitro regeneration,Trillium govanianum, Rhizome, Lateral bud, Mini rhizome, Medicinal herbThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON COST EFFECTIVE IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PLUM (Prunus salicina L.) CV. SANTA ROSA(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-09) HARISHCHANDRA, SHERKAR SANDIP; THAKUR, MANISHAABSTRACT Plum (Prunus salicina L.) is one of the important temperate fruit crops of the world. It belongs to family Rosaceae and sub family Prunoideae. In the present investigation, a technique for cost effective in vitro propagation of plum cv. Santa Rosa has been developed. It was observed that table sugar (40 g/l) and isabgol (10 g/l) can be used as low cost alternatives for sucrose and agar, respectively. Out of different combinations tried, 10 g/l isabgol and 30 g/l sucrose showed maximum shoot multiplication rate of 1:6 with 2.36 cm average shoot length, which was better as compared to control having shoot multiplication rate of 1:4 with average shoot length of 2.22 cm. On the other hand when isabgol was combined with 40 g/l table sugar showed shoot multiplication rate of 1:4 with average shoot length of 2.12 cm was obtained which was similar to control. With the increase in number of passages shoot multiplication rate increased in all the above mentioned medium. Best rooting (60%) was observed on 1/3rd strength liquid control medium with 15 roots per shoot, followed by 1/3rdLCR2with 11.33 roots per shoot. Dark treatment of 48 hours enhanced rooting in both the above mentioned rooting medium. For hardening different potting mixtures were tested but maximum per cent survival 75% was observed on cocopeat. For increasing the hardening percentage biohardening was tested by using Jeevamrit and PGPR (Bacillus licheniformis). It was observed that drenching 20 ml of Jeevamrit (3%) resulted in 60% plantlet survival whereas, 50% survival could be achieved when 5 ml of PGPR was poured around each plantlet. Cost analysis of various medium used showed that there was a significant difference between cost of low cost medium and control. Per plantlet cost in control medium was calculated to be Rs. 1.33 whereas, in low cost medium containing isabgol + sucrose (LCM2) and isabgol + table sugar (LCM5) during multiplication and 1/3rd LCR2 during rooting it was calculated to be Rs 0.40 and 0.22, respectively, showing 59.92% and 77.55% cost reduction. Therefore table sugar and isabgol can be successfully used as an inexpensive alternative to sucrose and agar for commercial multiplication of plum cv. Santa Rosa at economical rates.ThesisItem Open Access IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF A BIOTYPE OF CRAB APPLE [MALUS BACCATA (LINN.) BORKH. (SHILLONG)](UHF,NAUNI, 2019-02) ANJALI; MODGIL, MANJUABSTRACT The present studies were made to establish and proliferate shoots using axillary buds as explants during in vitro propagation of crab apple biotype Shillong. Shoot cuttings were collected in different months of the year from trees growing at the Dhanda farm of the Regional Research Station of IARI, Shimla (H.P.). Surface sterilization with 1.0% NaOCl for 20 mins was found more effective as compared to higher concentrations. Rinsing of phenols in liquid MS medium containing PVP (1g/l) and AC (1g/l) was found essential for explants survival and successful establishment of buds. The explants of 1-1.5cm size resulted in medium phenol intensity and maximum bud break (6.67%). MS medium supplemented with 2mg/l BA, 0.5 mg/l GA3 and 0.1 mg/l IBA resulted in maximum bud break of 40.13% and bud survival of 19.66% after 1st subculture when buds were collected in April month. However, some of the proliferated shoots did not grow further which may be due to the internal contamination of bacteria. These shoots turned brown and became necrotic. Shoots did not induce multiple/axillary shoots in four combinations of growth regulators. Addition of appropriate antibiotics in culture medium to inhibit the bacterial growth or meristem culture may be used in fuThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON COST EFFECTIVE MICROPROPAGATION AND ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC STABILITY INSaussurea costus (Kuth)(UHF, NAUNI, 2018-12) THAKUR, KAMAL; SHARMA, RAJNISHABSTRACT As micropropagation technology is generally more expensive than other conventional methods of plant propagation therefore, sometimes the unit cost per plant becomes unaffordable despite its obvious advantages. It is major concern limiting its wide application. Hence, the present investigation was aimed at studies on cost effective micropropagation and assessment of genetic stability in Saussurea costus (Kuth)-an endangered medicinal herb of North-Western Himalyan region. Four different types of explants viz. cotyledon, hypocotyls, leaf and shoot tip were subjected to attempt in vitro plant regeneration. Shoot tip explant was found to be good and induced highest direct shoot regeneration i.e, 68.46% on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l TDZ and 0.50 mg/l NAA. Cost effective medium containing 45 g/l table sugar, 50 g/l starch and aquaguard water was found to be best for multiplication and rooting. Morphogenetic response of multiplication and rooting in S. costus microshoots varied significantly on cost effective media as compared to control medium. Further, randomly selected plants (from mother plants and in vitro regenerants raised on control as well as cost effective media) were subjected to assess genetic stability with the help of RAPD and ISSR markers. The molecular marker analyses revealed genetic stability by obtaining monomorphic banding profiles among all the subjected DNA samples. It was inferred from the present study that cost effective approaches are not successful in the efficient micropropagation of S. costus due to slow growth, less multiplication and high mortality rate on cost effective medium. Therefore, only standard MS medium would be preferred for in vitro propagation and conservation strategies of this high value age-old medicinal herb.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION FOR EVERBEARING TRAIT IN STRAWBERRY (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)(UHF, NAUNI, 2018-12) NEGI, SHIVANTI; SHARMA, RAJNISHABSTRACT Everbearing trait is a highly desirable trait in strawberry breeding program worldwide due to its importance in extending the harvest season in commercial production. Therefore, the present investigations was aimed to study marker assisted selection for everbearing trait in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). The crosses were made between everbearing cultivars (Selva, Torrey, Fern and Elyana) and june-bearing cultivars (Gorella, Confectura and Chandler) and their respective crosses (Chandler × Selva, Chandler × Torrey, Chandler × Fern and Confectura × Torrey) were made to raise the F1 individuals. Under morphological characterization viz., plant, floral and fruit characters of these seven cultivars showed significant differences among them. In molecular characterization, polymorphic survey was carried out by using 25 RAPD and 62 SSR markers, out of which only 4 RAPD and 15 SSR were able to show polymorphism among everbearing and non-everbearing cultivars, respectively. For phenotyping, a chi- square test was performed and revealed that out of all four cross combinations, the best fitted cross found to be in Mendelian segregation ratio (1:1) was ‘Confectura’ × ‘Torrey’ with χ2-value 1.58. Further, these identified polymorphic markers were used across the 31 F1 individuals of cross ‘Confectura’ × ‘Torrey’ for its genotyping. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that the everbearing trait may be governed by dominant gene(s) in the subjected strawberry genotypes and identified polymorphic markers could be successfully employed with respect to marker assisted selection in targeted strawberry crop improvement programmThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PLUM (Prunus salicina L.) CV. SANTA ROSA(UHF, NAUNI, 2018-11) NIHARIKA; THAKUR, MANISHAABSTRACT In the present investigations, a technique for in vitro propagation of plum (Prunus salicina L.) cv. Santa Rosa has been developed. Treatment of explants with 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 minute 30 sec was found to be the best as it gave maximum number of uncontaminated buds and bud survival. Maximum in vitro establishment of explants (75%) was achieved on MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l IBA, in the month of February and March. Highest multiplication rate (1:8) was obtained on MS medium fortified 0.5 mg/l BA. Shoot multiplication rate and shoot length showed an increase with the increase in passages which increased to a maximal of 1:10 and 4 cm after fourth passage thereafter there had been a decrease in shoot multiplication rate and shoot length in further passages. Rooting was observed to increase with increase in passages where best rooting (70%) was observed in ninth subculturing passage. Best rooting (70%) was observed on ½ strength MS medium with 0.5 mg/l IBA in single step procedure whereas, in two step procedure of rooting, maximum rooting (30%) was observed after 48 hours dark incubation in ½strength MS broth fortified with 0.5 mg/l IBA followed by transfer to semisolid ½ strength MS basal medium. During hardening following hydroponic approach, the plantlets were dipped in MS broth without sucrose and myo inositol for 15 day and showed 66.6% survival. It was observed that plantlets with thick roots showed highest survival of 60% in cocopeat. Drenching of potting mixture with 15 ml of Jeevamrut (3%) also showed 60.33% of survival.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GRAFT-INDUCED VARIATIONS IN DIFFERENT STIONIC COMBINATIONS OF APPLE ( Malus x domestica Borkh.)(UHF, NAUNI, 2018-12) SHARMA, MEGHA; SHARMA, RAJNISHABSTRACT Grafting is an art which has been used from thousands of year for the vegetative propagation of horticulture and agriculture crops. Despite the wide use of grafting still very less information is available on the graft-induced morphological, biochemical and molecular variations. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to study graft-induced variations in different apple stionic combinations using scion (Scarlet Gala and Red Fuji) and rootstocks (MM111, MM106, M7, M9 and M26). Under morphological variations, significant difference was found in all the parameters viz. leaf area, shoot length, internodal length and fruit characters except petiole length and fruit firmness. Likewise, significant difference was also reported in the subjected stionic combinations based on total phenolic contents, total free amino acids and peroxidase enzyme activity. These results were further validated using DNA based molecular markers viz. RAPD, ISSR and SSR. RAPD and ISSR markers revealed very low genetic variability as compared to SSR markers where no polymorphism was observed. Therefore, from the present investigation it was inferred that rootstocks may influence morphological and biochemical parameters of the scion during graft-union but it does not influence genetic constitution of scion at DNA level. Therefore, keeping in view the above considerations, studies at RNA or protein level may be conducted to unfold the reasons behind these variations.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON COST EFFECTIVE MICROPROPAGATION OF GISELA-5 (PRUNUS CERASUS × PRUNUS CANESCENS)CHERRY ROOTSTOCK(UHF NAUNI, 2018-09) SHARMA, KANIKA; THAKUR, MANISHAABSTRACT In the present investigations, a technique for cost effective in vitro propagation of Gisela-5 (Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens)- cherry rootstock has been developed. It was observed that table sugar at 40 g/l, was next best carbon source after sucrose and corn starch at 40 g/l, isabgol at 20 g/l and tapioca seeds at 100 g/l were found to be the best among the different gelling agents tried. Combination of sucrose + corn starch and table sugar + corn starch with multiplication rate of 1:5 with average shoot length of 2.30 cm, and proved to be superior to the nutrient medium containing sucrose + agar (control). Subculturing on the respective medium gave similar results of multiplication rate and average shoot length. Best rooting of 100 per cent was observed in one step procedure on half strength MS liquid control, solid control and medium with sucrose + corn starch (LCR1) whereas, in two step procedure of rooting, maximum rooting (100%) was observed after 48 hours of dark incubation in half strength MS broth fortified with 0.5 mg/l IBA followed by transfer to half strength MS basal control. Rooted plantlets were transplanted in sterilized potting mixtures for hardening and kept in the glasshouse. 60 per cent survival was observed after 4 weeks of transfer in cocopeat when sprayed with 3 % jeevamrut at regular intervals of 7 days. When the soil was drenched with 20 ml of jeevamrut (3 %), 60 % survival rate was observed after 4 weeks of transfer. Relative cost of components was analyzed and it was found that there was a significant cost difference between the control medium and low cost medium. When per plantlet cost was evaluated, control medium was found to be the most expensive resulting in cost of Rs. 2.16 per plantlet and the cheapest medium was the one containing corn starch and sucrose yielding the cost of Rs. 0.82 per plantlet whereas, the medium containing table sugar and corn starch yielded the per plantlet cost of Rs. 0.84. This proves that corn starch could be used as best low cost gelling agent as an alternate to agar and table sugar could be used as an cheaper alternate to the expensive sucrose.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CHARACTERIZATION OF CARNATION (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)GENOTYPES USING MOLECULAR MARKERS(UHF,NAUNI, 2018-08) SHARMA, POOJA; NATH, AMARJIT KABSTRACT Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most remunerative cut flower of the world and belongs to the family caryophyllaceae. In the present study, characterization of carnation genotypes viz., Tempo, Bizet, Gwen, Tasman, White Wedding, Diana Yellow, Jurano, Pirandello, Dona, Hermis, Master, Gaudiana and mutants viz., UHFSCar-1, UHFSCar-2, UHFSCar-3, UHFSCar-4, UHFSCar-5, UHFSCar-6, UHFSCar-7 and UHFSCar-10 were carried out by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Genomic DNA was isolated from tender leaves of carnation using CTAB method (Doyle and Doyle, 1987). Eight RAPD, seven ISSR and seven SSR primers were able to amplify the genomic DNA. Total number of bands amplified in carnation genotypes and mutants using RAPD markers were 71, out of which 67 were polymorphic and 4 were monomorphic. In ISSR studies, total numbers of bands amplified were 99, out of which 96 were polymorphic and 3 were monomorphic. Total number of bands obtained on separation of PCR reaction carried out using SSR markers resolved in agarose gel was 35, out of which 33 were polymorphic and 2 were monomorphic. However, in polyacrylamide gel, total numbers of bands amplified were 41, out of which 39 were polymorphic and 2 were monomorphic. Total numbers of unique bands obtained were 20, 25, 7 and 8 using RAPD, ISSR, SSR markers in agarose and polyacrylamide gel, respectively. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 70.00 to 94.74 in RAPD studies, 83.33 to 94.44 in ISSR studies, 66.67 to 87.50 in SSR studies with agarose gel and 83.33 to 92.85 in SSR studies with polyacrylamide gel. Polymorphic information content (PIC) value for RAPD primers ranged from 0.39-0.49 and resolving power (Rp) ranged from 24-62. PIC value for ISSR primers ranged from 0.27-0.49 and Rp ranged from 32-70. For SSR markers resolved in agarose gel, PIC value ranged from 0.00-0.63 and Rp ranged from 10-38. However, for SSR markers resolved in polyacrylamide gel, PIC value ranged from 0.000.79 and Rp ranged from 10-66. Jaccard’s similarity matrix was developed and dendrograms were generated using NTSYSpc version 2.20. Similarity index was computed based on Jaccard’s coefficient and used for cluster analysis based on UPGMA. The findings of the present investigations indicated high genetic diversity in carnation genotypes and mutants which could be used in carnation breeding programmes. Unique bands obtained for carnation genotypes and mutants could be used for varietal identification. RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers were found to be effective in assessing genetic diversity studies and relatedness between carnation genotypes and mutants. The unique DNA markers would help the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture in release of carnation mutants as new varieties.