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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMMUNOMODULATORY AND GROWTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF CLOVE OIL IN BROILER CHICKEN(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2020) Parmar Jaydipkumar Kantibhai; Dr. K. A. SadariyaTo assess immunomodulatory activity, a total of 60 chicks were divided randomly to 5 groups each of 12 chicks. Group I served as control and given basal diet without clove oil and vitamin E and selenium. Group II served as standard control and given vitamin E and selenium containing proprietary product in water at the dose rate of 1.5 grams per 100 birds for first two weeks and 5 grams per 100 birds for next 3 weeks. The remaining groups III, IV and V were given clove oil at the dose rate of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg diet, respectively. This study was conducted for 35 days. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response at two different doses (100 μg and 200 μg) of phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was carried out to assess cell mediated immunity on 14th day of age. Blood was collected on 7th, 21st and 35th day of age and serum was separated to estimate antibody titers against Newcastle Disease Virus vaccine by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and biochemical parameters like serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and albumin to globulin ratio (A/G). On 35th day, thin blood smears were prepared and stained with field’s stain to determine differential leucocyte counts microscopically. At the end of the experiment, birds of all groups were sacrificed and tissues like thymus, spleen and bursa were collected for histopathological examinations.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EFFECT OF FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE AND FEBRILE CONDITION ON PHARMACOKINETICS OF CEFPIROME AND SAFETY OF SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF CEFPIROME AND FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE IN SHEEP(2020) Vaidehi N. Sarvaiya; Dr. A. M. ThakerCefpirome is a novel fourth generation cephalosporin with bactericidal action. Synergistic interaction between NSAID and antibiotic can potentially prevent the emergence of resistance, increase antibacterial efficacy and provide broader-spectrum of antibacterial activity than antibiotic monotherapy. Flunixin meglumine (FM) is used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of sepsis and various inflammatory conditions in different ruminant species. Along with this fact, fever is also one of the most common manifestations in bacterial diseases. Looking to these overall points, the study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intramuscularly administered FM (1.1 mg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced febrile condition on pharmacokinetics of cefpirome following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations (10 mg/kg) in sheep and safety of simultaneous administrations of cefpirome (10 mg/kg, IM) with FM (1.1 mg/kg, IM) for five days in sheep by monitoring hematological and blood biochemical profiles, as these kinds of literature is not available in sheep. Cefpirome was assayed in plasma by HPLC.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMMUNOMODULATORY AND GROWTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF CINNAMON OIL IN BROILER CHICKEN(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2020) Goswami Bhavingiri Gautamgiri; Dr. S. K. BhavsarTo assess immunomodulatory activity, a total of 60 chicks were divided randomly to 5 groups each of 12 chicks. Group I served as control and was given basal diet without cinnamon oil and vitamin E & selenium. Group II served as standard control and was given vitamin E & selenium containing proprietary product in water at the dose rate of 1.5 grams per 100 birds for first two weeks and 5 grams per 100 birds for next 3 weeks. The remaining groups III, IV and V were given cinnamon oil at the dose rate of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg diet, respectively. This study was conducted for 35 days. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response at two different doses (100 μg and 200 μg) of phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was carried out to assess the cell mediated immunity on 14th day of age. Blood was collected on 7th, 21st and 35th day of age and serum was separated to estimate antibody titers against ND vaccine by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and biochemical parameters like serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and A/G ratio. On 35th day, thin blood smears were prepared and stained with field’s stain to determine differential leucocyte counts microscopically. At the end of the experiment, birds of all groups were slaughtered and tissues like thymus, spleen and bursa were collected for histopathological examinations.ThesisItem Open Access ANTI-BACTERIAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND SAFETY STUDIES OF CLOVE OIL IN RATS(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2019) Humbal Brijesh Rajeshbhai; Dr. K. A. SadariyaThe present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial, in vivo anti-inflammatory (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) effects and safety of clove oil (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) following repeated oral administration in wistar rats.ThesisItem Open Access ANTI-BACTERIAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND SAFETY STUDIES OF CINNAMON OIL IN RATS(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2019) Prajapati Jaiminkumar Arvindbhai; Dr. A. M. ThakerScreening of cinnamon oil for antibacterial activity was done by the disc diffusion method. It was performed using an 18 h culture at 37°C in 10 ml of Muller Hinton Agar (for S. agalactiae 5% defibrinated sheep blood was added). The test suspension was standardized to match 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. The Cinnamon oil was suspended in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide with tween 80. Under aseptic condition, empty sterilized discs were impregnated with 50 μl of different concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) of the respective Cinnamon oil and placed on the agar plate surface. Paper disc moistened with aqueous DMSO was placed on the seeded petriplate as a vehicle control. Standard disc containing antibacterial drugs (cefotaxime, ampicillin, tetracycline and gentamicin) were used as reference control. The petri plates were incubated at 37°C for 18 h. After the incubation period, the zone of inhibition was measured.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHARMACOKINETICS AND SAFETY OF GEMIFLOXACIN ALONE AND WITH PIPERINE IN LAYER BIRDS(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2018) MARADIYA JAYESH JASAMAT; Dr. A. M. ThakerGemifloxacin, a fourth-generation synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone has bactericidal action against broad range of bacteria including those that are resistant to conventional antimicrobial drugs. Piperine, the major plant alkaloid present in pepper, is reported to have bioavailability-enhancing activity for nutritional substances and drugs. Despite the great potential for clinical use of gemifloxacin and beneficial (bioenhancing) effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of various antimicrobials, the data on pharmacokinetics and safety profile of gemifloxacin and piperine alone as well as with each other in layer birds are not available. Looking to these overall points, the present study was conducted in layer birds to investigate pharmacokinetics of gemifloxacin and piperine alone and in combination with each other at 10 mg/kg dose rate following intravenous and oral administration as well as safety of both drugs alone and together at same dose rate by daily oral administration for 5 days. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of gemifloxacin and piperine concentration in plasma samples of the present pharmacokinetics study in layer birds.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF LINUM USITATISSIMUM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2018) Kapuriya Pankajkumar Batukbhai; Dr. K. A. SadariyaThe present study was conducted to evaluate antidiabetic effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of L. usitatissimum following repeated oral administration for 28 days in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The study was conducted on fifty four (54) male Sprague dawley rats dividing them in various groups having six rats in each group. Group I served as vehicle control and received 0.5 % solution of sodium bicarbonate in normal saline orally once daily for 28 days. Group II served as diabetic control and received streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally at the dose rate of 60 mg/kg body weight, by dissolving in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) solution. Rats of group III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX also received STZ at the same way. Group III received glibenclamide at dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight (p.o.) once daily after establishment of diabetes for 28 days. Group IV, V and VI received aqueous extract of L. usitatissimum seeds at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively (p.o.) once daily, while group VII, VIII and IX received alcoholic extract of L. usitatissimum seed at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively once daily for 28 days.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHARMACOKINETICS AND SAFETY OF GEMIFLOXACIN IN BROILER BIRDS(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2017) Gohel Rahulkumar Harsukhbhai; Dr. K. A. SadariyaGemifloxacin is a newer, fourth-generation fluoroquinolone drug that exhibits broad spectrum of antibacterial activity than the older fluoroquinolones. The present study was designed to investigate the detailed pharmacokinetics of gemifloxacin in broiler birds following single dose intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration at the rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight and also evaluate safety of repeated oral administration of gemifloxacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight for five days in broiler birds was also studied by monitoring heamatology and blood biochemistry parameters. Drug concentration in plasma was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental approach.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EFFECT OF KETOPROFEN AND FEBRILE CONDITION ON PHARMACOKINETICS OF LEVOFLOXACIN AND SAFETY OF LEVOFLOXACIN ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH KETOPROFEN IN SHEEP(AAU, Anand, 2009) PATEL, URVESHKUMAR DAHYABHAI; Thaker, A. M.Levofloxacin is a novel third generation fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently recommended with antibacterials for the treatment of various bacterial infections accompanied by fever and other inflammatory conditions in animals. Ketoprofen (KTP) is an aryl propionic acid derivative, non-selective COX inhibitor NSAID having anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. In veterinary practice, ketoprofen is used to lower body temperature in animals having fever, to relieve bacteremia and pain in all animals. Pharmacokinetics of an antibacterial drug may change when administered with anti-inflammatory drug or in febrile animals. Despite the great potential for clinical use of levofloxacin, the data on its pharmacokinetics and safety profile in sheep are scarce. The present study was planned to determine the effect of intramuscularly administered ketoprofen (3 mg/kg) and febrile condition (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced) on pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following intravenous, subcutaneous and oral administration (3 mg/kg) in sheep and safety of daily intravenous administration of levofloxacin alone (3 mg/kg) and in combination with intramuscular administration of ketoprofen (3 mg/kg) for five days in sheep by monitoring haematological and blood biochemical profiles.
