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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
Agriculture University, Jodhpur was established on 14th September, 2013 by Government of Rajasthan under Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act 21 of 2013 to focus on holistic development of arid and semi-arid regions of the state covering 6 districts (Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi), constituting 28% of total geographical area which is sustaining 20.8% human and 28.4% animal population of the state. The districts under jurisdiction of the university cover 3 agro-ecological zones of the state. These are Arid Western Plain Zone Ia (Jodhpur and Barmer districts), Transitional plain of Luni Basin Zone IIb (Jalore, Pali, and Sirohi districts) and part of Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage Zone IIa (Nagaur district). The university has 1 institute of diploma and 3 colleges to produce highly competent educated human resources in agriculture and allied sciences besides 2 agricultural research stations, one each in zone Ia & IIb and 3 agricultural research sub stations, one in each zone to prepare, plan and perform highly need based research in this acute water scarce but naturally rich bio-diversified zone of the country. The third most important part in tri-pillar (Teaching, Research & Extension) of agricultural development, the extension for transfer of technologies are reached to doorsteps of the farming community by 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (K-V-Ks), 2 in Nagaur district and 1 each in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore & Sirohi districts under the umbrella of the university. The different units of teaching, research and extension are coordinating to systematically run by the headquarter situated at Mandor, Jodhpur.
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Downy Mildew Incidence in Pear! millet Incited by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schoret & its Management(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-08-02) Surjeet; Bishnoi, J.P.Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) is a monocot species belongs to the family Poaceae and sub family Penicedae, having diploid genome (2n= 2x =14). Downy mildew, also known as green ear disease, is one of the most extensively spread and destructive disease of pearl millet. The pathogen Sclerospora graminicola showed a wide variation in the expression of symptoms specially in the development of malformed structures (green ear). Majority of early infected plants remained stunted and failed to form the ear head. Most of such infected plants of highly susceptible cultivars were dried and died prematurely. A survey conducted for downy mildew disease incidence in different tehsils of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. Maximum disease incidence was recorded from Shergarh followed by Lohawat, Osian and Luni. However, minimum per cent diseases incidence was recorded from Bilara. Epidemiological study showed that the second fortnight of August to the first fortnight of September can be considered as window period for downy mildew incidence. Out of 35 pearl millet germplasm, none of the germplasm was found highly resistant (HR), twenty one germplasm found resistant (R) while, the eleven germplasm moderately resistant (MR), two germplasm moderately susceptible and one germplasm were found highly susceptible to Sclerospora graminicola. Out of 34 SSRs, 23 primers were polymorphic and amplified products varied from 100 to 400 bp and 11 were monomorphic. Seed treatment with metalaxyl 35% WP @ 6 g/kg seed + foliar spray with azoxystrobin 23% SC @ Iml/lit. at 40 days after sowing was significantly reduced the downy mildew incidence and increased the grain and fodder yield. The seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10g/kg seed + soil application of T. viride @ 2.5 kg/100 kg FYM significantly reduced the downy mildew incidence and increased the grain and fodder yield.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Dry root rot [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.] of Mothbean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] and its Management(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-08-03) Jaimini, Megha; Verma, J.R.Mothbean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq). Marechal] is oldest pulses crop and affected by dry root rot diseases caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, it causes heavy yield losses during cropping season. Pathogen having a wide host range, survive in soil as saprophytic and in form of sclerotia, and management is difficult in nature, therefore it is a major problem in mothbean growing areas. The pathogen was isolated from infected root parts and purified by using hyphal tip cut technique. Proved pathogenicity through Koch’s postulates by using seed cum soil inoculation techniques and 87.64% disease incidence was observed. Out of 15 cultivars/varieties none of the variety was found immune against dry root rot. One variety RMO-2251 was found resistant, six varieties were moderately resistant, six were moderately susceptible, one was susceptible and salawas local was found highly susceptible. To study on effect of cultural media and temperature on growth of M. phaseolina found highest radial growth and excellent sclerotial formation on PDA and grew best at 30ºC temperature. Six fungicides were evaluated in vitro condition against M. phaseolina in which carbendazim 25% + mencozeb 50% was inhibited complete mycelial growth at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations. Among the organic amendments neem cake was found significantly reduced the dry root rot disease incidence and promote growth ability of mothbean crop.ThesisItem Open Access Incidence of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and its Management)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Sharma, Sunita; Kumawat, RekhaFenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) belongs to the family Fabaceae, locally known as “Methi”. It is widely utilized in the life of human beings. Fenugreek is the third highest important seed spice in India after coriander and cumin. Sudden wilting and drying of plants are the characteristic symptoms of root rot in fenugreek caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The highest per cent incidence of root rot was recorded from Tinwari tehsil followed by Osian, Bilara and minimum from Bhopalgarh tehsil. Isolated and purified culture was identified as Rhizoctonia solani. The seed-cum-soil inoculation technique recorded highest disease incidence followed by soil inoculation while seed inoculation recorded lowest disease incidence. Azoxystrobin 11% + tebuconazole 18.3% SC was completely inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani and also found significantly superior over each fungicide followed by tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, pyraclostrobin 25% + fluxapyroxad 250g/l, thiophanate methyl 450g/l + pyraclostrobin 50g/l. Maximum per cent inhibition of mycelial growth was observed in Trichoderma viride followed by T. harzianum and Bacillus subtilis after 7 days of incubation. Garlic clove extract was observed highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani followed by turmeric and ginger. Minimum mycelial growth inhibition was observed in giloy extract.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Prevalence, Identification and Management of Alternaria blight (Alternaria spp.) of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-08-03) Yadav, Gopal Lal; Kumar, ManishCumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an important seed spice crop, belonging to family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) under order Apiales. Cumin is believed to be originated from Mediterranean and near Eastern regions of the globe. Cumin is popularly used for flavouring food, herbal medicine and culinary for flavouring soups, pickles and vegetables, for this reason it stands first position and popular all over the world among seed spices. Seed and soil borne pathogens are the major constraints in production of cumin, causing poor germination and early mortality of seedling. Cumin crop is mainly affected by three fungal (wilt, blight & powdery mildew) diseases. In the early stage of infection affected plants show minute, isolated whitish necrotic areas which turn purple with age and later become brown and finally black. Seed losses to the extent of 83% due to blight has been reported. In the present investigation, during surveys of different location in Jodhpur region intensity and incidence of Alterrnaria blight disease in Jodhpur district ranged from 40.2 % to 60.16% and 42.83% to 70% respectivly. The highest disease intensity and incidence was found in Bilara tehsil at 60.16% & 70% followed by Tinwari (49.23 & 57.5%), Osian (48.86 & 58.8%), Phalodi (47.76 & 50%) and minimum (40.2 & 42.83%) disease intensity & incidence was recorded in Lohawat tehsil. The inter relationship between weather parameters and Alternaria blight revealed that optimum temperature (15oC to 30oC), maximum R.H and clouds formation observed significantly positive effect on Alternaria blight during year 2021-2022. The freshly infected cumin plants exhibited typical blight symptoms were collected from the farmer’s field and isolated by following standard tissue isolation method and revealed the association of Alternaria spp. after studying the cultural and morphological characters of the fungus and the pathogenicity was proved by following Koch’s Postulates. The pure culture identified as Alternaria burnsii. Thirty cumin germplasm were screened under natural field condition and none of the germplasm showed highly resistant and resistant reactions. Three germplasm were found as moderately resistant against Alternaria blight. In the experiment on management of Alternaria blight the fungicides were tested in vitro and found that tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG (75 WG) inhibited the 100% mycelial growth at all the concentrations. However, under field condition, pyraclostrobin 13.3% + epoxiconazole 5% SE @ 1.5 ml/lit (11.4%) and resulted in increased seed yield with resulted in good B:C ratio (3.0) lowest disease intensity. Among the bio-inoculants tested in vitro in dual culture analysis Trichoderma viride (71.36%) was found most efficient inhibiting the mycelial growth. In conclusion it can be inferred that effective management of Alternaria blight can be obtain through the judicious use of fungicides along with biocontrol agents.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Different Species and Substrates for Cultivation of Oyster (Pleurotus spp.) Mushroom(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-11) Khan, Ajjad; Ram, Dama; Verma, Jeeva Ram; Singh, L. NetajitMushroom is a large macroscopic fruiting body of fleshy, spore-bearing, multi-cellular edible fungi belong to division Basidiomycota. It is widely used in both food and medicine, it is a rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals. The effect of different media on the growth of Pleurotus spp. In vitro, different media (PDA, MEA, REA, and OMA) were evaluated to find out optimum medium for growth of Pleurotus species. The study on the effect of four media on the growth of oyster mushrooms indicated that the mycelial growth of P. eryngii was significantly more on oat meal agar (86.00 mm). However, minimum mycelial growth (40.00 mm) was observed on rice extract agar media. In case of P. sajor-caju the maximum mycelial growth was observed on oat meal agar (90.00 mm) and malt extract agar (90.00 mm) media, which was at par with each other, while minimum mycelial growth (65.00 mm) was observed on rice extract agar medium, and in case of P. sapidus the maximum mycelial growth was recorded on oat meal agar media (90.00 mm) and potato dextrose agar media (90.00) was at par with each other after 8 days of inoculation, while minimum mycelial growth (35.00 mm) was observed on rice extract agar media. The effect of the different substrates viz., wheat straw, sorghum straw, mustard straw, pearl millet straw and wheat + sorghum straw were evaluated for cultivation of oyster mushroom in the present study. In all three species namely P. eryngi, P. sajor-caju and P. sapidus, wheat straw showed the fastest spawn run, pin head formation, fruiting bodies formation, and minimum days required for first, second and third harvesting of mushroom followed by mustard straw, while maximum days for mycelium formation was observed on pearl millet straw. The total yield and biological efficiency, in case of P. eryngii the maximum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on wheat straw (698.33g and 69.83 per cent), while minimum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on pearl millet straw (576.69g and 57.69 per cent). In case of P. sajor-caju the maximum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on wheat straw (787.12.g and 78.71 per cent), while minimum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on pearl millet straw (590.45g and 59.04 per cent). In case of P. sapidus the maximum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on wheat straw (546.99g and 54.69 per cent), while minimum total yield and biological efficiency was observed on sorghum straw (398.45g and 39.84 per cent). The benefit: cost ratio, the maximum benefit: cost ratiofor P. sajor-caju was observed on mustard straw (5.96:1) followed by pearl millet straw (4.47:1) and wheat straw (3.56:1) while minimum benefit: cost ratio was observed on wheat + sorghum straw (3.25:1). In P. eryngii, maximum benefit: cost ratio was reported on mustard straw (5.86:1) followed by pearl millet straw (4.38:1) and wheat straw (3.55:1) while minimum benefit: cost ratio was observed on wheat + sorghum straw (3.25:1). In P. sapidus, maximum benefit: cost ratio was found on mustard straw (5.80:1) followed by pearl millet straw (4.29:1) and wheat straw (3.35:1) while minimum benefit: cost ratio was observed on wheat + sorghum straw (3.10:1).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Anthracnose [Colletotrichum capsici (Sydow) Butler and Bisby] of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and its Management(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-10-08) Vijay Pal; Verma, J.R.; Ram, Dama; Singh, L.N.Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), belonging to the family Solanaceae is an important spice and vegetable crop because of its massive consumption worldwide. Chilli is native of Tropical America (Brazil) and has been cultivated throughout the world including the tropics, subtropics and temperate regions. Chilli production is continuously attacked by several diseases which drastically reduces the quality and yield of fruit resulting in low returns to farmers. Among all, Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici (Sydow) Butler and Bisby is one of the most important diseases, causing considerable damage, inflicting severe quantitative and qualitative losses. The disease starting from the field may be continuing even after the fruits have been harvested and kept for drying and storage. The disease is prevalent in almost all major chilli growing areas and it is reported to cause 25–48 % loss in different parts of India. The detailed studies on various aspects were carried out in the present study. A survey conducted for anthracnose disease incidence in different tehsils of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan showed that Tiwari recorded highest anthracnose disease incidence (22.02 %) followed by Bhopalgarh (19.33 %), Bawari (17.26 %), Osian (15.04 %) and least anthracnose incidence was recorded in Bilara (12.94 %). The freshly infected chilli plants showing typical anthracnose symptoms were collected from the farmer’s field and were subjected to isolation by following standard tissue isolation method and revealed the association of Colletotrichum sp. after studying the cultural and morphological characters of the fungus and the pathogenicity was proved by following Koch’s Postulates. The pure culture obtained was sent for identification to Indian Type Culture Collection (I.T.C.C.), I.A.R.I., New Delhi – 110 012 and was identified as Colletotrichum capsici (I.D. No. 11,342.20). Ten chilli cultivars were screened and none of the cultivars showed immune, resistant and highly resistant reaction under field condition. Among the fungicides screened in vitro, complete mycelial growth inhibition of C. capsici was observed in Tebuconazole 50 % + Trifloxystrobin 25 %. The lowest anthracnose severity was observed in spray with Trifloxystrobin 25 % + Tebuconazole 50 % at 1.5 ml/lit (11.55 %) under field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Alternaria Leaf Blight [Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler] of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and its Management(Agriculture University, Jodhpur) Yadav, Pooja; Verma, J.R.; Ram, Dama; Kumawat, M.M.Carrot (Daucus carota L.), is most important vegetables root crop with huge medicinal, nutritional and health value. Its belongs to Apiaceae family, are cultivated worldwide. Its originated from Afghanistan is the main centre of origin. The carrot suffers from several diseases among those Alternaria leaf blight is one of the most horrible diseases are causing considerable quantities and qualitative losses in carrot. A survey conducted for Alternaria leaf blight disease incidence in different tehsils of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan showed that Tinwari, the maximum disease incidence was recorded 24.02% followed by Osian (22.66%), Lohawat (18.17%), Bawadi (13.84%). However, minimum disease incidence was recorded in Balesar Tehsil (11.74%). The freshly infected Carrot plant showing typical characteristic symptoms of leaf blight disease were collected from farmer’s field and pathogen was isolated by standard tissue isolation method and revealed the association of Alternaria sp. after studying the cultural and morphological characters of the fungus and the pathogenicity was proved by following Koch’s Postulates. The pure culture obtained was sent for identification of Indian Type Culture Collection (I.T.C.C.), I.A.R.I., New Delhi – 110 012 and was identified as Alternaria alternata (I.D. No. 11,480.21). Ten carrot cultivars were screened under cage house condition and none of the cultivars showed highly resistant and resistant reactions. The fungicides were tested in vitro condition and found difenoconazole 25% inhibited the 100% mycelial growth at all the concentrations. When applied as foliar application under cage house condition, difenoconazole 25EC at 0.25 ml/lit (11.17%) was observed lowest disease incidence. The phytoextracts, the garlic extract (68.33% & 80%) was observed to be most effective inhibiting the mycelial growth at 5% and 10% concentrations, respectively under in vitro condition against Alternaria altarnata. Among the bio-inoculants Trichoderma viride (77.13%) was found most efficient inhibiting the mycelial growth.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Blast [Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc.] of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br] and it’s Management(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-08-08) Kumar, Mukesh; Ram, Dama; Verma, J.R.; M.M., SundriaPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br] is a distinctive crop among the leading cereals, excellent fodder crop for livestock and staple food of the world's poor and most food insecure communities in the arid, semi-arid, tropical and sub-tropical areas of Asia and Africa. It is known through different names like Bajra, Bulrush or Spiked millet. It is a C4 cereal, belonging to family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae) and native place is central Africa. Pearl millet affected by a number of disease caused by fungus, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. Among all, pearl millet blast caused by Pyricularia grisea is one of the most important disease. The disease appears on foliage as greyish, water-soaked lesions that enlarge and become necrotic, resulting in extensive chlorosis which leads premature drying of young leaves. The annual losses in yield due to blast alone range from 1-60%. The detailed investigations on various aspects were carried out in the present study. A survey conducted for blast disease severity in different districts of Western Rajasthan showed that Nagaur recorded highest blast disease severity (43.4%) followed by Jodhpur (36.8%) , Barmer (22.4%), Jaisalmer (21.4%) and minimum disease severity was recorded in Pali (16.6%). The disease samples with characteristic symptoms were collected from the farmer’s field and were subjected to isolate by following standard tissue isolation method and revealed the association of Pyricularia grisea after studying the cultural and morphological characters of the fungus and the pathogenicity was proved by following Koch’s Postulates. Thirty-two hybrids including with one susceptible checks were screened against Pyricularia grisea pathogen, None of the cultivars showed highly resistant and resistant reaction under field condition. Among the fungicides screened in vitro, complete mycelial growth inhibition of P. grisea was observed in Tricyclazole, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% and tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25%. Chlorothalonil gave lowest effect in inhibiting the mycelia growth (46, 48& 51%) at, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations. Trichoderma harzianum (76.17%) was found most efficient bio-agent in inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. grisea under in vitro condition.ThesisItem Open Access Exploration of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini) and it’s Management(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-08-08) Jangir, Hitendra; Ram, Dama; Verma, J.R.; Singh, L.N.Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) belongs to the family Apiaceae, locally known as Jeera or Zeera. It is believed to be a native of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions. It is mainly cultivated in India, Egypt, Libya, Iran, Pakistan and Mexico. For the better cultivation moderate sub-tropical climate is appropriate and required cool and dry climate for better growth. It cannot withstand high humidity and heavy rainfall. For cumin cultivation well drained sandy or loamy soil is preferred and mostly grown on light textured soil deficient in nitrogen with low water retention capacity. Seed and soil borne pathogens are the major constraints in production of cumin, causing poor germination and early mortality of seedling. Cumin crop is mainly affected by three fungal (wilt, blight & powdery mildew) diseases. Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini is one of the most important disease. Cumin wilt disease usually seen during early stages of crop growth to crop harvesting stage resulting in damage to the seed. The annual yield losses due to wilt disease alone are up to 60%, the disease has a potential to damage the crop with up to 25.7% but may be 60% losses in some cases, and the detailed investigations on various aspects were carried out in the present study. A roving survey carried out for wilt disease incidence in different tehsils of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan showed that Tinwari recorded maximum wilt disease incidence (21.92%) followed by Balesar (19.10%), Phalodi (17.17%), Osian (15.55%) and minimum wilt disease incidence was recorded in Bilara (12.87%). The freshly infected cumin plants showed typical wilt symptoms were collected from the farmer’s field and isolate by following standard tissue isolation method and revealed the association of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini after studying the cultural and morphological characters of the fungus and the pathogenicity was proved by following Koch’s Postulates. The pure culture was sent for identification to Indian Type Culture Collection (I.T.C.C.), I.A.R.I., New Delhi – 110 012 and was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini (ID. No. 11,536.21). Thirty cumin germplasm were screened, none of the germplasm showed immune and resistant reaction under field condition.
