Agriculture University, Jodhpur
Agriculture University, Jodhpur was established on 14th September, 2013 by Government of Rajasthan under Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act 21 of 2013 to focus on holistic development of arid and semi-arid regions of the state covering 6 districts (Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi), constituting 28% of total geographical area which is sustaining 20.8% human and 28.4% animal population of the state. The districts under jurisdiction of the university cover 3 agro-ecological zones of the state. These are Arid Western Plain Zone Ia (Jodhpur and Barmer districts), Transitional plain of Luni Basin Zone IIb (Jalore, Pali, and Sirohi districts) and part of Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage Zone IIa (Nagaur district). The university has 1 institute of diploma and 3 colleges to produce highly competent educated human resources in agriculture and allied sciences besides 2 agricultural research stations, one each in zone Ia & IIb and 3 agricultural research sub stations, one in each zone to prepare, plan and perform highly need based research in this acute water scarce but naturally rich bio-diversified zone of the country. The third most important part in tri-pillar (Teaching, Research & Extension) of agricultural development, the extension for transfer of technologies are reached to doorsteps of the farming community by 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (K-V-Ks), 2 in Nagaur district and 1 each in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore & Sirohi districts under the umbrella of the university. The different units of teaching, research and extension are coordinating to systematically run by the headquarter situated at Mandor, Jodhpur.
Browse
Browsing Agriculture University, Jodhpur by Title
Now showing 1 - 18 of 113
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access Agronomic Evaluation of Straight and Customized Fertilizer Formulation in Different Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend Stuntz] Hybrids(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-07-04) Kumar, Manoj; Singh, Ummed; Singh, Ishwar; Parewa, Hanuman Prasad; Verma, J.R.A field experiment was conducted at ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Research Farm, Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur (Agriculture University, Jodhpur) during kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of three fertility levels (Control, Nutrient supply through straight fertilizers and Nutrient supply through customized fertilizer) and seven different pearl millet hybrids (‘MPMH 21’, ‘MPMH 17’, ‘RHB 177’, ‘RHB 173’, ‘HHB 67 (Improved)’, ‘HHB 197’ and ‘HHB 272’). Findings based on pooled analysis of data exhibited that application of customized fertilizer substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., plant height (192.2 cm), days to 50% flowering (45.7 days), days to maturity (85.3 days), dry matter accumulation (72.72 g/plant) and total number of tillers/metre row length (24.0) over control. Interaction effect between fertility levels and hybrids on dry matter accumulation was found significantly positive. Hybrid ‘RHB 173’ attained maximum dry matter accumulation (76.42 g/plant) with the application of customized fertilizer on pooled basis. Further, addition of customized fertilizer substantially improved yield attributing characters viz., number of effective tillers/metre row length (22.6), ear head length (23.10 cm), ear head girth (26.66 mm) and 1,000 grains weight (9.53 g) over control. Application of customized fertilizer recorded markedly higher grain yield (2,010 kg/ha), straw yield (3,417 kg/ha), biological yield (5,426 kg/ha) and harvest index (37.02%) over control and straight fertilizer. Marked variations in N, P, K and Zn content in different plant parts have been noticed with the application of customized fertilizer. Application of customized fertilizer recorded markedly higher N (0.105, 0.105 and 0.099%), P (0.332, 0.281 and 0.261%), K (0.705, 0.585 and 1.235%) and Zn (45.27, 46.54 and 47.29 mg/kg) content in root, shoot and leaf of pearl millet over control. Additionally, significant improvement in crude protein content (11.34%) and protein yield (228.9 kg/ha) were also recorded with application of customized fertilizer over control on pooled basis. Application of customized fertilizer recorded markedly higher N (1.814 and 0.580%), P (0.263 and 0.125%), K (0.687 and 1.987%) and Zn (56.42 and 30.03 mg/kg) content in grain and straw of pearl millet over control. Interaction effect between fertility levels and hybrids on N, P and K content in grain and straw was found statistically significant. Hybrid ‘RHB 173’ recorded maximum N, P and K content in grain and straw by application of customized fertilizer on pooled basis. Albeit, hybrid ‘HHB 67 Improved’ recorded greater Zn content in grain and hybrid ‘HHB 197’ recorded maximum Zn content in straw with the application of customized fertilizer.Marked improvement in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc uptake by grain (36.62, 5.28, 13.82 kg/ha and 113.64 g/ha) and straw (19.86, 4.04, 67.96 kg/ha and 102.65 g/ha) was recorded with the application of customized fertilizer over control and straight fertilizers. Application of customized fertilizer substantially enhanced nutrient use indices of N, P, K and Zn viz., agronomic use efficiency (12.4, 24.9, 74.7 and 149.3), recovery efficiency (42.2, 13.3, 358.6 and 1.64%) and nutrient harvest index (64.7, 55.2, 16.9 and 52.4%) over control. Hybrid ‘MPMH 17’ substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., dry matter accumulation (66.85 g/plant) and total number of tillers/metre row length (22.4) over control. Further, the pearl millet hybrid ‘MPMH 17’ also recorded marked improvement in yield attributes viz., number of effective tillers/metre row length (21.2) and grain (1,958 kg/ha), straw (3,466 kg/ha) and biological (5,424 kg/ha) yields over rest of the hybrids. Marked variations in N, P, K and Zn content in different plant parts have been noticed among various pearl millet hybrids. Markedly higher N (0.106, 0.105 and 0.097) content in root, shoot and leaf of pearl millet was recorded by the hybrids MPMH 17’. Hybrid ‘RHB 173’ recorded significantly higher N (1.771 and 0.563%), P (0.250 and 0.122%) and K (0.638 and 1.842%) content in grain and straw of pearl millet over rest of the hybrids. Substantially higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc uptake by grain (34.60, 4.92, 12.65 kg/ha and 120.20 g/ha) and straw (19.47, 4.17, 65.23 kg/ha and 102.11 g/ha) was recorded by hybrid, ‘MPMH 17’ on pooled basis. Hybrid ‘RHB 173’ recorded marked improvement in nutrient use indices of N, P, K and Zn viz., agronomic use efficiency and (8.8, 17.7, 53.0 and 106.1), recovery efficiency (31.1, 9.3, 246.7 and 1.16%) on pooled basis. Post-harvest soil fertility analysis after pearl millet significantly improved available nitrogen (175.9 kg/ha), phosphorus (17.68 kg/ha), potassium (311.0 kg/ha) and zinc (0.53 mg/kg) with the application of customized fertilizer on pooled basis. Moreover, hybrid ‘MPMH 21’ significantly enhanced available nitrogen (168.7 kg/ha), phosphorus (16.37 kg/ha) and potassium (299.4 kg/ha) in the experimental soil after harvest of pearl millet on pooled basis. Economic analysis envisages, application of customized fertilizer fetched significantly higher gross return (`58,700/ha), net return (`36,307/ha) and B: C ratio (2.62) over control. Likewise, markedly higher gross return (`57,874/ha), net return (`37,711/ha) and B: C ratio (2.86) was obtained by hybrid, ‘MPMH 17’ on pooled basis. Thus, based on the findings of the present investigation, it may be inferred that fertilization of pearl millet hybrid ‘MPMH 17’ with customized fertilizer fetched higher productivity (2,391 kg grain/ha) and proved most remunerative (`47,031/ha net return and 3.10; B: C ratio) on pooled basis, respectively in Arid western plain zone of Rajasthan.ThesisItem Open Access Appraisal of Farmers Producer Organizations in Nagaur District of Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-09-04) Dhayal, Vikash; Lal, BanwariIndia is experiencing a paradigm shift from social welfare to welfare capitalism. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to frame a policy that focuses on the "Collectivization of Farmers for Capitalization". The journey has led from the "Cooperative Movement" to the "New Producer Company Movement" where the structure of cooperative societies and the efficiency of a private company are combined. The concept of the FPO (Farmers Producer Organizations) was introduced by a committee headed by economist Y.K. Alagh in the year 2000 and in 2003, the committee passed the Producer Company Act by incorporating Part IX-A into the Company Act of 1956. In recent years, the FPO concept has gained major attention across the country. But how much the new policy on FPOs focuses on farmers' participation and how successful it is at the ground level needs to be assessed. The present study, entitled "Appraisal of Farmers Producer Organizations in Nagaur District of Rajasthan" was undertaken to study the socio-economic profile of FPO members as well as to identify the stakeholders involved in FPO formation. The study also emphasized the institutional and business performance of FPOs, as well as the problems faced by their members and suggestions to strengthen their functioning. The study was conducted in two FPOs in Nagaur district, Rajasthan, with 120 respondents. The members were interviewed personally through a well-structured interview schedule. The respondent’s profiles revealed that most members were from the middle age group, educated up to high secondary, belonged to joint families, and had agriculture as main occupation. Most of them were categorized under the semi-medium category of land holding, were from medium annual income category, associated with one organization of social participation, had a medium level of extension contacts, and medium level of mass media exposure. The main reason behind respondents joining FPOs was to enhance family income and buy inputs at a lower cost. The study also reported that twelve stakeholders were actively involved in the formation of FPOs, and among these funding agencies and customers were the major stakeholders. The performance analysis of FPOs revealed that 50.00 percent of performance indicators were in the medium-level categories, whereas 25.00 percent of the indicators were in the high-level and low-level categories, respectively. However, in the case of business performance, both FPOs were in the yellow zone (average performance), with a score of 71.64. The study also revealed that "Poor credit facilities" and "Heavy paperwork and bookkeeping" were perceived as the most and least severe problems faced by the members, respectively. "Input supply on subsidiary rate" and "Membership charge should be reduced" were perceived as major and minor suggestions by respondents to strengthen the functioning of FPOsThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Genetic Parameters in Mutant Lines of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-09-13) Bijarniya, Pradeep; Bhardwaj, RahulAn experiment entitled “Assessment of Genetic Parameters in Mutant Lines of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)” was conducted with 40 genotypes of Brassica juncea in Rabi Season 2022-23 at Research Farm, Agriculture Research Station Mandor, Agriculture University Jodhpur (Rajasthan). The experiment was carried out in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. The observations for days to first flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, siliqua length, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant, harvest index, oil content, and screening of white rust and powdery mildew were recorded. Analysis of variance exhibited significant difference for all the trait, indicating the good amount of inherent variation was present. The phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher as compare to genotypic coefficient of variance for all the traits under study. The highest value of PCV and GCV was recorded for harvest index followed by number of siliqua per plant, plant height, number of seed per siliqua. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for all the characters except days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, days to first flower initiation and oil content which has high heritability coupled with low genetic advance as percent of mean. Analysis of correlation coefficient indicated that seed yield per plant had positive significant correlation with number of siliqua per plant and harvest index. According to path analysis, the traits like days to first flower initiation, plant height, number of siliqua per plant, 1000-seed weight and harvest index showed positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. The genetic divergence calculated by Mahalanobis D2 statistics, grouped 40 genotypes into seven clusters. Maximum intra cluster distance was observed in cluster VI followed by cluster III, cluster I, cluster VII. Whereas maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster V and VII followed by cluster VI and VII, cluster III and VII and cluster IV and VII. As per Ward’s D coefficient the 40 genotypes of Brassica juncea were grouped in VII different clusters. All the genotypes showed a good level of divergence among themselves as most distant related species clustured in different groups. The genotype viz., MMM 21-10 and MMM 21-11 depicted good yield along with high oil content (%) and moderate resistant for white rust and powdery mildew in Indian mustard.ThesisItem Open Access Behaviour of Onion Growers Towards Integrated Pest Management Practices (IPM) in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-10-12) Gurjar, Kamlesh; Jaitawat, V.S.Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecological strategy that focuses on long-term solution of pest through combination of techniques viz. biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of agronomical practices and use of resistant varieties. Application of a single practice to control a specific organism does not mean IPM, even that practice is an essential element of IPM system. Integration of multiple pest suppression techniques has the highest probability of sustaining long-term crop protection. Generally, farmers use pesticides to controlling insect-pests in Onion crop but they are harmful for soil as well as human health. Therefore, it’s important that IPM practice should be adopted so, maintain soil fertility and productivity. Onionis important vegetable as well as spicecrop and have huge demand in India. Like other vegetables, high yield of Onion is not obtained due to a various constraints. Pests and diseases are major constraints in Onion production. Pests such as mites, thrips, armyworms, cutworms, leaf miner and disease like damping off, purple blotch, leaf blight and colletotrichum blight. Out of these Onion thrips (Thripstabaci) is a key pest of that cause 35-45 percent yield loss annually. It is also acts as vector for various viral diseases. This warrants an integrated approach to minimize the yield loss and to obtain good quality marketable bulb. The rapid transfer of improved cultivation practices from lab to land (from research stations to the vegetable growers) would help to thousands of vegetable growers in India. It was observed in study that IPM practices are very essential for the sustainable development of study “Behaviour of Onion Growers towards Integrated Pest Management Practices in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan” the study replied the following objectives. 1) To study the socio-economic status of Onion growers. 2) To measure the extent of utilization behaviour of IPM practices of Onion growers. 3) To ascertain the relationship between the selected variables with utilization behaviour. 4) To find out the constraints in utilization of IPM practices in Onion cultivation Study was conducted in purposely selected Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. The Jodhpur district had sixteen panchayat samities, out of 16 panchayat samiteis namely Tinwari and Osian were selected based on highest area production of Onion cultivation. A complete list of villages with area and production of Onion cultivation were collected from Department of Agriculture Jodhpur, Rajasthan from the identified panchayat samities. Out of ten villages i.e. six from Tiwari and four from Osian were selected. The sample size of 120 respondents. The were farmer interviewed personally by a well-structured interview schedule. The data were collected, tabulated and interpreted using suitable statistical tools. Major findings The overall socio-economic of Onion growers majority of (60.00%) Onion growers belonged to middle age group (From 36 to 53 years), other backward class of the Onion growers suggests that majority (69.17%), and 79.17% had agriculture as their main occupation, 20.83% were educated high school, 54.17% had single nuclear family, 71.67% belonged to medium income from Rs.100000 to 250000, 54.17% possessed medium land holding and most of the Onion growers 58.33% member of one organization 74.17%, middle level extension contact, and were having 63.33% medium level of mass media exposure. Onion growers were having medium socio economic status. It is evident from the study that as a whole majority of farmers (65.83%) had medium utilization of IPM practices followed by high (19.17 %) and low utilization (15.00%). The highest level of utilization was found in respect of application of “cultural practices” was summer ploughing (MPS 75.00, rank I) followed by crop rotation (MPS 71.72, rank II), “Mechincal/physical practices” mass trapping of pests (MPS 65.44, rank I), destruction of crop residues (MPS 59.39, rank II), “Biological practices” conservation of natural enemies (MPS 51.39 rank I), use of parasitoids (MPS 51.11, rank II) “Chemical practices” use of pesticides (MPS 63.72,rank I) and safe application of pesticides (MPS 59.89, rank II), respectively. The results of correlation between the independent & dependent variables showed that the occupation, education, family income, land holding, social participation, extension contacts, mass media exposure were positively and significantly correlated at 0.05 per cent level of significant. However, the variables like age, caste and type of family had shown non - significant relationship with the utilization of IPM practices by the respondents. The major technological constraints found in the cultivation of Onion was “Lack of knowledge about the life cycle of pests and their infection on vegetables” (MPS 74.44 rank I) followed by the economical constraint found in cultivation of Onion, was “non-availability of neem cake at the local level / high cost of neem cake (MPS 72.78 rank I), marketing constraints found in cultivation of Onion, was “lack of market facilities in the local areas” (MPS 76.94 rank I), miscellaneous constraint found in cultivation of Onion, was “lack of co-ordination between various services, supply of marketing agencies” (MPS 77.78 rank I).ThesisItem Open Access Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-20) KIKRALIYA, DEVI LAL; Shukla, U.N.; Mehriya, M.L.; Raiger, P.R.Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Devi Lal Kikraliya* (Scholar) Dr. U.N. Shukla** (Major advisor) ABSTRACT A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy of sorghum extract and herbicide on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with eleven treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were W1-sorghum extract (1:1), W2- Sorghum extract (1:2), W3- Sorghum extract (1:3), W4-Sorghum extract (1:4), W5-Ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W6-Sorghum extract (1:1) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W7- Sorghum extract (1:2) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W8- Sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W9- Sorghum extract (1:4) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W10- Weed free and W11- Weedy check. According to treatments, different ratio of sorghum extract applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide. Results indicated that post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) significantly reduced weed density and dry weight of C. murale L., C. album L., Rumex dentatus L., Asphodelus tenuifolius L. and Cyperus rotundus L. results in obtaining higher weed control efficiency at all the growth stages of crop that improved weed index and also lesser nutrient removals (N, P, K) recorded at 60 DAS and at harvest. Owing to reduction in weed infestation which improved growth attributes viz. final plant population including tillers (442/m2 ) at harvest, plant height (51.69, 83.72 and 90.49 cm), number of tillers (464, 453 and 442/m2 ), dry matter accumulation (374.24, 781.46 and 964.44 g/m2 ) at 60, 90 and at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (51.23 and 50.09) was significantly recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively due to application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to their higher concentration of sorghum extracts applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide including weedy check (W11) during field experimentation at all growth stages except 30 DAS, where none of the treatments showed significant effects. Similarly, significantly higher number of effective tillers (414/m2 ), length of spike (17.50 cm), number of grains/spike (43.33) and 1000-grain weight (44.45 g) were recorded under post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) resulted in production of higher grain yield (4543 kg/ha.), straw yield (5103 kg/ha.) and biomass yield (9646 kg/ha.) and also showed their efficacy in recording higher protein yield (438 kg/ha) and contents of N, P and K in grains and straw as well as their uptakes by wheat. Improved in grain yield that resulted in higher monetary advantages in terms of gross return (`1,20,351/ha), net return (` 87,830/ha) and B: C ratio (3.70) by the application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to weedy check (W11). Among alone application of sorghum extracts, application of sorghum extracts (1:3) significantly reduces weeds and recorded higher growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrients uptakes and economics as well as higher microbial population as compared weedy check (W11).ThesisItem Open Access Biology and Management of Leaf Webber and Capsule Borer, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) in Sesame(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-08-17) Kumar, Santosh; Sundria, M. M.; Kumawat, M. M.; Ram, DamaThe biology of leaf webber and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis was studied on sesame variety RT-351 under laboratory conditions and found that the female moth laid their eggs singly, oval in shape, translucent with orange colour spots with length and width varied from 0.35 - 0.45 mm and 0.18 - 0.25 mm, respectively. Incubation period found varied from 50.00 to 70.00 hours. There were five larval instars and total larval period varied from 9.28 to 12.60 days and the pupal period lasted from 4.20 to 7.40 days. The average length and width of pupa was found 7.43 ± 0.47 and 1.43 ± 0.22 mm. Moths were stout and medium in size. The colour of moth varied from light reddish brown to dark reddish brown. The female moth lived slightly longer than the males. Average male to female ratio was showed 1.0:1.1 to 1.0:1.3. During screening of sesame genotypes against sesame leaf webber and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) recorded 8.83% to 26.22%, 8.73% to 23.52% and 4.82% to 12.50% damage at vegetative, flowering and capsule stages, respectively. Genotype EC-35000 was found resistant and genotypes viz., NIC 13362A, IS-346, IS-552, SI-3275, IS-199-2-04 and SI-3315-16 were found moderately resistant whereas genotypes viz., SI-1925, S-0627 and IC-152485 were found moderately susceptible. Strain II of Beauveria bassiana gave 100, 95.00, 90.00, 77.50 and 70.00per cent of mortality against 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae after 96 hours of treatment, respectively, whereas bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Bt) gave 50.00, 45.00, 42.50, 32.50 and 20.00 per cent mortality of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae after 96 hours of application, respectively, under laboratory conditions among all the entomophagous fungal pathogen. Based on overall results, efficacy of bio-agents against A. catalaunalis can be showed in order B. bassiana strain II>B. bassiana strain I>M. anisopliae>V. dahlia>I. fumosorosea>Bacillus thuringiensis.ThesisItem Open Access Bionomics and Management of Predominant Species of Aphid in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-08-17) Dadhich, Sarita; Pandey, ShaliniThe study was carried out on “Bionomics and Management of Predominant Species of Aphid in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)” at Research Farm and Entomology Laboratory, ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during the year 2021-22. Aphis gossypii Glover was Predominant Species of Aphid and its incidence started from first week of January (1st SMW) and continued till second week of March (10th SMW) having peak during second week of February (6th SMW) in cumin crop. Likewise, highest population of coccinellids was observed during second week of February (6th SMW) and showed highly significant positive correlation with aphid population. The aphid, A. gossypii nymphs were moulted four times before attaining the adult stage. The mean body length, width, antennal length and cornicle length of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs were 0.50 ± 0.04, 0.28 ± 0.03, 0.28 ± 0.02 and 0.036 ± 0.01 mm; 0.90 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.04, 0.40 ± 0.03 and 0.065 ± 0.01 mm; 1.11 ± 0.05, 0.49 ± 0.04, 0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.095 ± 0.01 mm and 1.31 ± 0.06, 0.65 ± 0.05, 0.64 ± 0.04 and 0.175 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The mean body length, width, antennal length and cornicle length of adult aphid were 1.68 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 1.53, 0.88 ± 0.02 and 0.266 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The mean duration period of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs were 1.30 ± 0.42, 2.05 ± 0.62, 2.40 ± 0.52 and 1.45 ± 0.45 days, respectively. The total nymphal duration was 7.75 ± 1.61 days. The mean longevity of adult aphid was 9.65 ± 1.75 days with an entire life span of 17.75 ± 2.91 days. The pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods were 1.35 ± 0.56, 7.20 ± 1.47 and 1.75 ± 0.71 days, respectively. The fecundity of the adult female was 24.45 ± 6.21 nymphs per female and the intrinsic rate of single female per day was an average of 4.80 ± 2.01 nymphs/day. Out of nine insecticides tested, flonicamid 50 WG (0.07 aphids/umbel) was followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (0.40 aphids/umbel) and cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.67 aphids/umbel) found most effective against aphid, A. gossypii in cumin. Azadirachtin 10,000 ppm (3.27 aphids/umbel) was found least effective against aphid, A. gossypii in cumin. The maximum net return (Rs. 23,230 per ha) was computed in the treatment of flonicamid 50 WG followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (Rs. 15,450 per ha). The highest benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) was recorded in plots treated with flonicamid 50 WG (1.52:1) followed by sulfoxaflor 22.9 EC (1.34:1).ThesisItem Open Access Diversity of insect pollinators on major Kharif crops of western Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-07-25) Singh, Amar; Kumawat, M.M.The investigation on “Diversity of Insect Pollinators on Kharif Crops of Western Rajasthan” was carried out in Kharif, 2022 at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur and College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. Insect visitors/pollinators on major kharif crops viz., pearl millet, mungbean and sesame were observed. Hymenopterans were found to be the most abundant among the visitors/pollinators. In pearl millet, total six insect visitors/pollinators belonging to order hymenoptera and diptera were recorded. Among them Apis dorsata was the most abundant species, contributed 40.90 per cent followed by A. florea (37.39%), Lipotriches spp. (11.01%) and Megachile albifrons (9.23%). The relative abundance of lepidoptera alone constituted 82.25 per cent of the total population of the insect visitors followed by hymenoptera (17.48%) in mungbean. Catopsilia spp. and Lampides boeticus were the predominant species in mungbean. In sesame, five insect species from hymenoptera and lepidoptera were recorded. The floral visitors of hymenopterans were the dominant which constituted 97.92 per cent. The correlation between weather parameters and relative abundance of insect foragers were observed on pearl millet, mung bean and sesame. A. dorsata, A. florea, Xylocopa pubescens, X. fenestrata, Papilio demoleus, Vespa orientalis, Sphex argentatus and Ropalidia spp. showed non-significant association with temperature, sunshine, relative humidity and rainfall in sesame and mungbean. Lipotriches spp. and blow fly showed non-significant association with temperature, sunshine, relative humidity and rainfall in pearlmillet. Physiphora spp. showed positive significant association with temperature and sunshine while non-significant correlation with rainfall and relative humidity in pearl millet. M. albifrons showed non-significant correlation with temperature, rainfall and sunshine but negative significant association with relative humidity in pearl millet. Polistes wattii, Catopsilia spp., and Hypolimnas bolina also showed non-significant relationship with rainfall and humidity while significantly positive correlated with temperature and sunshine in mungbean. Maximum foraging activity of A. dorsata, A. florea, X. fenestrata and X. pubescens was found between 10.00-13.00 hrs and minimum between 16.00-18.00 hrs in pearl millet, mungbean and sesame while wasp foraging activity was maximum found between 11.00- 15.00 hrs. The activity of Lipotriches spp. and M. albifrons was found maximum between 7.00- 8.00 hrs and 17.00- 18.00 hrs, respectively. Dipteran visitors were highly active during morning between 9.00-11.00 hrs., while lepidopteran insects had shown highest foraging activity during 10.00-13.00 hrs except Papilio demoleus which were highly active during evening between 18.00-19.00 hrs. In pearl millet and sesame, the higher foraging speed was exhibited by A. dorsata followed by A. florea. Blow fly and Papilio demoleus spent least time on pearl millet and sesame. In mungbean, the higher foraging speed was exhibited by A. dorsata followed by Catopsilia spp. The common insect pollinators of pearl millet, mungbean and sesame were morphologically characterized and identified. The pictorial field diagnosis key with taxonomic characters was prepared which is provided in the thesis.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity of Pentatomid Bug Fauna in Western Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-08-01) Choudhary, Pushpa; Sundria, M.M.The studies on “Diversity of pentatomid bug fauna in western Rajasthan” was carried out at Jodhpur during Kharif, 2022. During this period, 614 specimens of Heteropteran bugs were collected from Agricultural Research Station, Mandor and College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. Examined specimens belongs to eight families, viz., Alydidae, Coreidae, Dinidoridae, Lygaeidae, Miridae, Pentatomidae, Pyrrhocoridae and Reduviidae. The family Pentatomidae was represented by 2 sub-families viz., Asopinae and Pentatominae. This study revealed the occurrence of a total of 15 species grouped into 13 genera of which 13 species grouped under 11 genera and 8 tribes were in the sub-family Pentatominae, which was dominant; while, 2 species grouped under 2 genera and 1 tribe in the sub-family Asopinae. The Heteropteran sub-order was represented by 32 species belonging to 29 genera under 8 families collected from ARS, Mandor and CoA, Jodhpur. The relative abundance of different families under Heteropteran sub-order was observed maximum for Pentatomidae family (29.48%) followed by Coreidae (28.66%) and minimum relative abundance for Dinidoridae (1.63%) from Jodhpur. The relative abundance of pentatomid fauna was observed maximum for Eysarcoris ventralis followed by Piezodorus hybneri. The minimum relative abundance was observed for Carbula biguttata, Carbula socia, Eysarcoris sp., Erthesina acuminata, and Placosternum taurus. On the basis of Shannon-Weiner (H’) (1.53) and Simpson Index (D) (3.53), maximum diversity of bugs was observed in Pearl millet ecosystem at ARS, Mandor. The pentatomid bugs showed non-significant correlation with abiotic factors. Coreid bugs showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and mean temperature whereas, significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity and mean relative humidity. Lygaeid bugs showed positive significant correlation with maximum temperature and mean temperature. Mirid bugs had positive significant correlation with morning relative humidity and mean relative humidity. Alydid bugs showed significant positive correlation with mean temperature. Heteropteran bugs recorded no significant correlation with minimum temperature and evening relative humidity.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity Studies in Round Gourd [Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-07-16) Kumar, Sunil; Moond, S.K.; Choudhary, Santosh; Ram, MoolaA field experiment entitled “Diversity studies in Round gourd [Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo]” was carried out at the College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Kharif 2019 on 20 different genotype of round gourd including two check cultivars, to estimate the extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation among the yield and other attributing traits, direct and indirect effect of yield contributing traits through path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence through D2 statistics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited significant differences for all the studied characters suggesting the presence of great inherent genetic variation amongt the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficients of variation were slightly higher than the respective genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters under study. High estimates of heritability were noted for almost all the traits except days taken to 50% female flowering, leaf area and days to anthesis of first female flower. High heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for the traits of main vine length at harvest, number of marketable fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per hectare, fruit yield per plot, node on which first male flower appeared, fruit diameter, shelf life and rind thickness, suggesting additive gene action for expression of these characters. Hence, these characters may prove effective for selection to improve fruit yield per plant in round gourd. Correlation studies among the characters revealed that fruit yield per plant had significant positive association with the characters like number of leaves par plant, main vine length at harvest, internodal length, leaf area, number of marketable fruits, fruit diameter, fruit weight, rind thickness and shelf life both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis of various quantitative characters indicated that main vine length at harvest, internodal length, days to anthesis of first female flower, days taken to 50% female flowering, number of marketable fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight and rind thickness exhibited positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant. Based on the relative magnitude of D2 values, Tocher’s method resulted in formation of three clusters. Out of the three clusters, cluster I was the largest comprising of fifteen genotypes followed by II with four genotypes while the cluster III was monogenotypic, suggesting the existence of high degree of heterogeneity between the genotypes. The trait of fruit shelf life contributed the maximum towards genetic divergence. The highest intra-cluster distance was recorded in the cluster II, while the inter-cluster distance was the highest between cluster I and II, followed by cluster II and III, indicating that superior recombinants could be obtained by mating between genotypes of these clusters.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc and Iron on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-09-09) Kharra, Rekha; Shukla, U.N.; Mehriya, M.L.; Raiger, P.R.A field experiment entitled “Effect of agronomic biofortification of zinc and iron on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2019-20. Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with fourteen treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The two varieties (GNG 1581 and RSG-974) along with seven treatments under agronomic biofortification of Zn and Fe viz. control, ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA), FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA), ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA), ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA), FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA) and FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA). Results indicated that growing of chickpea variety GNG-1581 significantly increase all growth attributes at all growth stages except 30 DAS where none of the varieties showed significant effects. Among growth parameters, dry matter accumulation (5.80, 14.63 and 24.44 g/plant), number of primary branches/plant (4.74, 5.74 and 5.56) and number of secondary branches/plant (16.74, 20.96 and 23.71) significantly recorded at 60, 90 DAS at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (41.58 and 40.86), number of nodules/plant (37.45, and 26.86), fresh weight (353.81 and 121.29 mg/plant) and dry weight of nodules (157 and 53.75 mg/plant) were significantly recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively as compared to variety RSG-974 during crop season. Similarly, number of pods/plant (41.55) and 100 seed weight (14.45g) with RSG-974 except number of seeds/ pod (1.99) higher under GNG-1581 which resulted in higher seed yield (1,539 kg/ha.) stover yield (2,863 kg/ha.) and biological yield (4,402 kg/ha.) in variety GNG-1581. Chickpea variety GNG-1581 significantly higher contents of nitrogen (3.40 and 1.35%), zinc (30.78 and 22.68 mg/kg) and iron (56.95 and 313.19 mg/kg) in seed and stover, respectively along with their uptake by seed, stove and total uptakes. Improved in seed yield that resulted in higher monetary advantages in terms of gross return ( 89,330/ha), net return ( 62,905/ha) and B: C ratio (3.38) by the growing of variety GNG-1581. Among agronomic biofortification, treatments applied with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) was remain at par with application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA) with respect to all growth and yield attributes of chickpea during experimentation. *A Post Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. ** M.Sc. (Ag.) thesis submitted to Agriculture University, Jodhpur for partial fulfillment of the requirement of degree under the supervision of Dr. U. N. Shukla, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, JodhpurApplication of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) significantly increased growth attributes of chickpea viz. plant height (36.81, 68.54 and 70.64 cm), dry matter accumulation/plant (6.11, 15.72 and 26.04 g/plant), number of primary branches/plant (5.56, 6.53 and 6.41) and secondary branches/plant (17.36, 22.15 and 24.69) at 60, 90 DAS at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (44.94 and 44.89), number of nodules/plant (42.12 and 32.83), fresh weight of nodules (429.00 and 140.17 mg/plant) and dry weight of nodules (173.20 and 60.06 mg/plant) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively and increased yield attributing characters viz. number of pods/plant (45.16), number of seed/pod (2.18) and 100-seed weight (15.98 g) resulted in higher seed (1,827 kg/ha), stover (3,449 kg/ha) and biological yield (4,876 kg/ha) along with harvest index (37.47 %) over rest of the treatments. Similarly, Application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) significantly improved contents of nitrogen (3.56 and 1.38%) in seed and stover, respectively with their uptakes, while significantly higher contents of zinc (37.46 and 22.95 mg/kg) in seed and stover with their uptakes (60.98 and 667.03 g/ha) in seed and stover, respectively resulted in total uptake of zinc (728.01 g/ha) under application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA). However, application of FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) significantly improved contents of iron (69.17 and 390.83 mg/kg) in seed and stover with their uptakes (93.91 and 1,040.43 g/ha) in seed and stover, respectively resulted in total uptake of iron (1,134.34 g/ha) during investigation. Improvements in yield of chickpea, which subsequently improved gross return ( 1,04,327 and 94,122/ha), net return ( 77,648 and 67,491/ha) and B: C ratio (3.91 and 3.53) under the application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) followed by ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA), respectively during investigation.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DATE OF SOWING AND PLANT GEOMETRY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHIA (Salvia hispanica L.)”(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 2018-05-25) Ms. Anjali Jingar; Dr. Moola Ram; Kumhar S.R, U.N. Shukla, B. R. ChoudharyThesisItem Open Access Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Quality of Dried Kasuri Methi (Trigonella corniculata) Leaves(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-09-15) Latiyal, Ramawatar; Chaudhary, NishaAn experiment entitled “Effect of different drying techniques on quality of dried kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata) leaves” was carried out at College of Agriculture, Nagaur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata) is a bushy, herbaceous, slow growing yearly spice crop, primarily grown for herbage that to for dry herb and seed. Its leaves are pinnate, leaflet size is 1.25-2.0 cm. Flowers color is usually bright orange or yellow in close racemes. The present investigation was focused on thethe effect of different drying techniques namely shade drying, sun drying and solar tunnel drying on nutritional and sensory quality of dried kasuri methi leaves.The proximate composition analysis was performed after drying involving determination of moisture, fat, protein, ash, acid insoluble ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate. Also other nutritional determinants like of calcium, riboflavin and ascorbic acid were estimated. The weighed kasuri methi leaves were taken and dried by different drying techniques. The weight reduction of the samples as measured periodically until the constant weights were observed. From the experiment, the initial moisture content of the fresh kasuri methi leaves was found to be 71.27%. The final moisture content of the different drying methods drying samples were found as 5.41% in shade drying, 5.17% in sun drying, and 5.37% in solar tunnel drying respectively. Total drying time required for moisture removal to very lowest level were found to be as 48 hr, 5hr, 3hr for shade, sun and solar tunnel drying, respectively. Overall performance and quality characteristics is found better in shade drying method samples as compare to other drying method but the solar tunnel drying method is just marginally lacking behind sensory attributes, which is the fastest drying method in all.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Quality of Dried Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaves(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-08-25) Mansion, Maninder; Chaudhary, NishaAn experiment entitled “Effect of different drying techniques on quality of dried moringa (Moringaoleifera) leaves” was carried out at College of Agriculture, Nagaur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Moringa (Moringaoleifera) is known as the functional food, provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition and may play a vital role in reducing and minimizing the risk of certain diseases and other health conditions.It has a great significance as an important food commodity and ‘natural nutrition of the tropics’. It is considered as a highly nutritive vegetable in many countries especially in India, Pakistan, Philippines, Hawaii and many parts of Africa due to its enriched leaves, fruits, flowers and immature. The present investigation was focused on the evaluation of the study of different drying techniques on quality of dried moringa leaves using different drying methods namely sun drying, shade drying and solar tunnel drying. Also analysis of the proximate composition such as moisture, fat, protein, ash, acid insoluble ash, fiber and carbohydrate. Also, the nutritional determination of calcium, ascorbic acid and riboflavin were estimated. The weighted moringa leaves were taken and dried in different drying methods and conditions. The weight reduction of the samples as measured periodically until the constant weights were observed. From the experiment, the initial moisture content of the fresh moringa leaves was found to be 75.12g per 100g and 6.76g per 100g. The final moisture content of the different drying methods drying sample was found 6.73g in sun drying, 6.91g in shade drying and 6.65g in solar tunnel drying respectively. Total drying time required for moisture removal to very low level or negligible weight reduction of samples were found to be as 48hr, 7hr, 3hr for shade, sun and solar tunnel drying respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Different Methods of Defoliation in Lasura (Cordia myxa L.) on Yield and Quality of Fruits(2018-06-25) Mr. Manish Kumar; R.L. Bhardwaj; Kumhar S.R, Santosh Choudhary, R.C. Meena, B.S. RajpurohitThesisItem Open Access Effect of Fertility Levels and Different Herbicides on the Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-07-04) Sarita; Singh, Ishwar; Mehriya, Moti Lal; Parewa, Hanuman Prasad; Chandawat, M.S.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture-Jodhpur, Rajasthan (Agriculture University, Jodhpur) during Rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiment consisted of three fertility levels [75% RDF (90-30 kg N-P2O5/ha), 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P2O5/ha) and 125% RDF (150-50 kg N-P2O5/ha)] and seven herbicidal treatments (trisulfuron @ 15 g/ha 35 DAS; sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha 35 DAS; clodinafop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha 35 DAS; carfentrazon @ 20 g/ha 35 DAS; metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g/ha 35 DAS; weedy check and weed free check). The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design (SPD) with RDF in main and herbicides in sub plot replicated three times. Findings based on pooled analysis indicate that the lowest total weed dry weight at harvest was recorded with application of 75% RDF (24.72 g/m2 ). The N, P and K depletion by weed at 50 DAS and at harvest were increased significantly with increasing level of fertility upto 125% RDF. The plant height (89.14 cm) and crop dry matter (300.8 g/meter row length) at harvest stage were increased significantly up to 100% RDF on pooled basis. The LAI at 50 (3.06) & 75 DAS (4.01), CGR between 50-75 (17.08 g/m2 /day) and NAR (5.57 g/m2 leaf area/day) between 50-75 DAS were also responded significantly with application of fertilizer up to 100% RDF on pooled basis. Further, application of 100% RDF levels substantially improved yield attributing characters viz., number of total tillers/meter row length (147), spikes/meter row (143), spike length (13.36 cm), grains/spike (41.52) and test weight (45.44 g) over 75% RDF. Application of 100% RDF recorded significantly higher grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha), biological yield (9103 kg/ha) and harvest index (44.82%) over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Application of 100% RDF recorded higher N (54.59 kg/ha), P (5.05 kg/ha) and K (45.20 kg/ha) uptake in wheat plant over 75% RDF. N and K uptake by crop at 50 DAS was significantly increased upto 100% RDF whereas, uptake of phosphorus was significantly enhanced with each graded level of fertility up to 125% RDF on pooled basis. At harvest, application of 100% RDF significantly improved total N, P and K uptake of wheat by 28.04, 25.7 and 21.0% over 75% RDF, respectively. Additionally, significant improvement in crude protein content (10.10%) and protein yield (415.4 kg/ha) were also recorded with application of 100% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Application of 100% RDF recorded markedly higher N (72.98 and 25.93 kg/ha), P (13.25 and 8.73 kg/ha) and K (19.45 and 82.90 kg/ha) uptake in grain and straw of wheat over 75% RDF, respectively. Interaction effect between fertility levels and herbicides on N and P uptake in grain was found statistically significant. Herbicides ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha’ recorded higher N (86.11 and 32.79 kg/ha) and P uptake in grain with the application of 100% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basisThe results on pooled basis reveal that clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha gave the lowest total weed density (7.06/m2 ) and weed dry weight at harvest (9.52 g/m2 ). The higher weed control efficiency (91.30%), weed index (1.91), herbicide efficiency index (0.221) and crop resistance index at 50 DAS (9.68), 75 DAS (10.81) and at harvest (17.65) were recorded with clodinafop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha. On pooled basis, application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha and weed free check plots were on par and gave significantly minimum removal of N, P and K by weed at 50 DAS (1.13, 0.109 and 0.940 kg/ha) and at harvest (1.608, 0.165 &1.335 kg/ha), respectively. These treatments also remained at par with sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha. Herbicide ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha’ substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., plant height at harvest (92.33 cm), crop dry matter (325.5 g/meter row length), tillers/meter row length (156), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.15) at 75 DAS (4.05), net assimilation rate between 50-75 DAS (5.30 g/m2 leaf area/day) and crop growth rate between 50-75 DAS (16.49 g/m2 /day) over weedy check. Further, the herbicide ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha at 35 DAS’ also recorded marked improvement in yield attributes viz., spikes/meter row length (153), spike length (14.28 cm), grains/spike (44.52), test weight (46.27g), grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check, on pooled basis Considerably higher N (56.95 kg/ha), P (5.83 kg/ha) and K (49.39) uptake in wheat plant at 50 DAS was recorded under application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha over rest of the treatments However it was at par with sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha. Substantially higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by grain (80.70, 14.78 & 21.98 kg/ha) and straw (28.62, 10.09 & 92.38 kg/ha) were recorded by clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha on pooled basis. Post-harvest soil fertility analysis of wheat crop reveal significant improvement in available nitrogen (173.97 kg/ha) and phosphorus (22.57 kg/ha) with the application of 100 and 125% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Moreover, application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha and sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha significantly enhanced available nitrogen (174.84 & 174.83 kg/ha), phosphorus (23.67 & 23.65 kg/ha) and potassium (325.36 & 325.10 kg/ha) recorded in soil after harvest of wheat over rest of treatments on pooled basis. Economic analysis predict, that application of 100% RDF along with clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha recorded significantly higher grain yield (4662 kg/ha), net return (`88,370/ha) and B: C ratio (3.16). Thus, based on the data of two years, it can be concluded that wheat grown under the agro-climatic condition of Zone-I a, can be fertilized with 100% RDF (120 kg nitrogen & 40 kg phosphorus/ha) along with application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha for management of weeds.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Foliar Fertilization of NPK on Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) in Loamy Sand Soil of Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-07-08) Chouhan, Rakesh; Choudhary, Santosh; Moond, S. K.; Kumawat, M. M.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, during Rabi 2020, to determine the effect of foliar fertilization of NPK water soluble fertilizer and its spray numbers on growth and yield quality and net returns of carrot in Rajasthan. The treatments comprising of five spray concentrations of water-soluble fertilizers (WSF) i.e. control, WSF @ 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%; and two spray numbers i.e. two at 30 & 60 DAS and four-30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS allocated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Experiment results revealed that among the spray concentration of WSF 2.0% being at par WSF 1.5% recorded significantly higher plant height, the number of leaves/ plant, fresh weight of aerial parts, root diameter, core diameter, root length, root weight, root yield, β carotene content, TSS, net returns (` 1,67,279 /ha) and B:C ratio (1.84) as compared to WSF 0.5 % and control. Further, significantly higher plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh weight of aerial parts, root diameter, core diameter, root length, root weight, root yield, β carotene content, TSS, net returns (`1,54,491/ha) and B:C ratio (1.70) were recorded with four sprays over two sprays. Hence, spray concentration of WSF 2.0% with four sprays on carrot found optimum to produced higher yield of carrot with enhanced quality and returns arid western Rajasthan.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Gibberellic Acid, 4-CPA and NAA on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Ansal(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Poonia, Suman; Choudhary, SantoshA field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur to assess the “Effect of gibberellic acid, 4-CPA, and NAA on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Ansal” during Rabi, 2021-22. The experiment comprised of ten treatments consisting of three levels (25, 50 and 75 ppm) each of GA3, 4-CPA and NAA along with control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The result revealed that all the growth, yield attributes and quality parameters were influenced significantly by different levels of GA3, 4-CPA and NAA. Among the different levels of growth regulators, maximum plant height (47.2 cm, 61.3 cm and 80.9 cm at 45 DAT, 60 DAT and final harvest, respectively), number of branches/plant (19.4), leaf area (30.6 cm2), TSS (5.41 °Brix) and ascorbic acid (22.8 mg/100 g) was recorded with GA3@75 ppm, whereas acidity (0.54 %) was recorded with GA3@25 ppm. The maximum fruit length (6.7 cm), fruit diameter (7.2 cm), and fruit firmness (2.6 kg/cm2) were found with 4-CPA@75 ppm. The maximum chlorophyll content (42.0, 48.0, 44.0 SPAD at 45, 60 DAT and at final harvest, respectively), number of fruit clusters/plant (12.0), number of flowers/cluster (5.4), number of fruits/cluster (3.2), number of fruits/plant (38.1), fruit set (59.7 %), fruit weight (84.3 g), fruit yield/plant (2.6 kg), fruit yield/ha (29.7 t), lycopene content (6.5 mg/100 g), net returns (480,447 `/ha) and B:C ratio (4.26:1) was observed with NAA@75 ppm.