Agriculture University, Jodhpur
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Agriculture University, Jodhpur was established on 14th September, 2013 by Government of Rajasthan under Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act 21 of 2013 to focus on holistic development of arid and semi-arid regions of the state covering 6 districts (Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi), constituting 28% of total geographical area which is sustaining 20.8% human and 28.4% animal population of the state. The districts under jurisdiction of the university cover 3 agro-ecological zones of the state. These are Arid Western Plain Zone Ia (Jodhpur and Barmer districts), Transitional plain of Luni Basin Zone IIb (Jalore, Pali, and Sirohi districts) and part of Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage Zone IIa (Nagaur district). The university has 1 institute of diploma and 3 colleges to produce highly competent educated human resources in agriculture and allied sciences besides 2 agricultural research stations, one each in zone Ia & IIb and 3 agricultural research sub stations, one in each zone to prepare, plan and perform highly need based research in this acute water scarce but naturally rich bio-diversified zone of the country. The third most important part in tri-pillar (Teaching, Research & Extension) of agricultural development, the extension for transfer of technologies are reached to doorsteps of the farming community by 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (K-V-Ks), 2 in Nagaur district and 1 each in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore & Sirohi districts under the umbrella of the university. The different units of teaching, research and extension are coordinating to systematically run by the headquarter situated at Mandor, Jodhpur.
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ThesisItem Open Access Agronomic Evaluation of Straight and Customized Fertilizer Formulation in Different Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend Stuntz] Hybrids(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-07-04) Kumar, Manoj; Singh, Ummed; Singh, Ishwar; Parewa, Hanuman Prasad; Verma, J.R.A field experiment was conducted at ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Research Farm, Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur (Agriculture University, Jodhpur) during kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of three fertility levels (Control, Nutrient supply through straight fertilizers and Nutrient supply through customized fertilizer) and seven different pearl millet hybrids (‘MPMH 21’, ‘MPMH 17’, ‘RHB 177’, ‘RHB 173’, ‘HHB 67 (Improved)’, ‘HHB 197’ and ‘HHB 272’). Findings based on pooled analysis of data exhibited that application of customized fertilizer substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., plant height (192.2 cm), days to 50% flowering (45.7 days), days to maturity (85.3 days), dry matter accumulation (72.72 g/plant) and total number of tillers/metre row length (24.0) over control. Interaction effect between fertility levels and hybrids on dry matter accumulation was found significantly positive. Hybrid ‘RHB 173’ attained maximum dry matter accumulation (76.42 g/plant) with the application of customized fertilizer on pooled basis. Further, addition of customized fertilizer substantially improved yield attributing characters viz., number of effective tillers/metre row length (22.6), ear head length (23.10 cm), ear head girth (26.66 mm) and 1,000 grains weight (9.53 g) over control. Application of customized fertilizer recorded markedly higher grain yield (2,010 kg/ha), straw yield (3,417 kg/ha), biological yield (5,426 kg/ha) and harvest index (37.02%) over control and straight fertilizer. Marked variations in N, P, K and Zn content in different plant parts have been noticed with the application of customized fertilizer. Application of customized fertilizer recorded markedly higher N (0.105, 0.105 and 0.099%), P (0.332, 0.281 and 0.261%), K (0.705, 0.585 and 1.235%) and Zn (45.27, 46.54 and 47.29 mg/kg) content in root, shoot and leaf of pearl millet over control. Additionally, significant improvement in crude protein content (11.34%) and protein yield (228.9 kg/ha) were also recorded with application of customized fertilizer over control on pooled basis. Application of customized fertilizer recorded markedly higher N (1.814 and 0.580%), P (0.263 and 0.125%), K (0.687 and 1.987%) and Zn (56.42 and 30.03 mg/kg) content in grain and straw of pearl millet over control. Interaction effect between fertility levels and hybrids on N, P and K content in grain and straw was found statistically significant. Hybrid ‘RHB 173’ recorded maximum N, P and K content in grain and straw by application of customized fertilizer on pooled basis. Albeit, hybrid ‘HHB 67 Improved’ recorded greater Zn content in grain and hybrid ‘HHB 197’ recorded maximum Zn content in straw with the application of customized fertilizer.Marked improvement in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc uptake by grain (36.62, 5.28, 13.82 kg/ha and 113.64 g/ha) and straw (19.86, 4.04, 67.96 kg/ha and 102.65 g/ha) was recorded with the application of customized fertilizer over control and straight fertilizers. Application of customized fertilizer substantially enhanced nutrient use indices of N, P, K and Zn viz., agronomic use efficiency (12.4, 24.9, 74.7 and 149.3), recovery efficiency (42.2, 13.3, 358.6 and 1.64%) and nutrient harvest index (64.7, 55.2, 16.9 and 52.4%) over control. Hybrid ‘MPMH 17’ substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., dry matter accumulation (66.85 g/plant) and total number of tillers/metre row length (22.4) over control. Further, the pearl millet hybrid ‘MPMH 17’ also recorded marked improvement in yield attributes viz., number of effective tillers/metre row length (21.2) and grain (1,958 kg/ha), straw (3,466 kg/ha) and biological (5,424 kg/ha) yields over rest of the hybrids. Marked variations in N, P, K and Zn content in different plant parts have been noticed among various pearl millet hybrids. Markedly higher N (0.106, 0.105 and 0.097) content in root, shoot and leaf of pearl millet was recorded by the hybrids MPMH 17’. Hybrid ‘RHB 173’ recorded significantly higher N (1.771 and 0.563%), P (0.250 and 0.122%) and K (0.638 and 1.842%) content in grain and straw of pearl millet over rest of the hybrids. Substantially higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc uptake by grain (34.60, 4.92, 12.65 kg/ha and 120.20 g/ha) and straw (19.47, 4.17, 65.23 kg/ha and 102.11 g/ha) was recorded by hybrid, ‘MPMH 17’ on pooled basis. Hybrid ‘RHB 173’ recorded marked improvement in nutrient use indices of N, P, K and Zn viz., agronomic use efficiency and (8.8, 17.7, 53.0 and 106.1), recovery efficiency (31.1, 9.3, 246.7 and 1.16%) on pooled basis. Post-harvest soil fertility analysis after pearl millet significantly improved available nitrogen (175.9 kg/ha), phosphorus (17.68 kg/ha), potassium (311.0 kg/ha) and zinc (0.53 mg/kg) with the application of customized fertilizer on pooled basis. Moreover, hybrid ‘MPMH 21’ significantly enhanced available nitrogen (168.7 kg/ha), phosphorus (16.37 kg/ha) and potassium (299.4 kg/ha) in the experimental soil after harvest of pearl millet on pooled basis. Economic analysis envisages, application of customized fertilizer fetched significantly higher gross return (`58,700/ha), net return (`36,307/ha) and B: C ratio (2.62) over control. Likewise, markedly higher gross return (`57,874/ha), net return (`37,711/ha) and B: C ratio (2.86) was obtained by hybrid, ‘MPMH 17’ on pooled basis. Thus, based on the findings of the present investigation, it may be inferred that fertilization of pearl millet hybrid ‘MPMH 17’ with customized fertilizer fetched higher productivity (2,391 kg grain/ha) and proved most remunerative (`47,031/ha net return and 3.10; B: C ratio) on pooled basis, respectively in Arid western plain zone of Rajasthan.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-20) KIKRALIYA, DEVI LAL; Shukla, U.N.; Mehriya, M.L.; Raiger, P.R.Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Devi Lal Kikraliya* (Scholar) Dr. U.N. Shukla** (Major advisor) ABSTRACT A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy of sorghum extract and herbicide on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with eleven treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were W1-sorghum extract (1:1), W2- Sorghum extract (1:2), W3- Sorghum extract (1:3), W4-Sorghum extract (1:4), W5-Ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W6-Sorghum extract (1:1) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W7- Sorghum extract (1:2) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W8- Sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W9- Sorghum extract (1:4) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W10- Weed free and W11- Weedy check. According to treatments, different ratio of sorghum extract applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide. Results indicated that post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) significantly reduced weed density and dry weight of C. murale L., C. album L., Rumex dentatus L., Asphodelus tenuifolius L. and Cyperus rotundus L. results in obtaining higher weed control efficiency at all the growth stages of crop that improved weed index and also lesser nutrient removals (N, P, K) recorded at 60 DAS and at harvest. Owing to reduction in weed infestation which improved growth attributes viz. final plant population including tillers (442/m2 ) at harvest, plant height (51.69, 83.72 and 90.49 cm), number of tillers (464, 453 and 442/m2 ), dry matter accumulation (374.24, 781.46 and 964.44 g/m2 ) at 60, 90 and at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (51.23 and 50.09) was significantly recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively due to application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to their higher concentration of sorghum extracts applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide including weedy check (W11) during field experimentation at all growth stages except 30 DAS, where none of the treatments showed significant effects. Similarly, significantly higher number of effective tillers (414/m2 ), length of spike (17.50 cm), number of grains/spike (43.33) and 1000-grain weight (44.45 g) were recorded under post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) resulted in production of higher grain yield (4543 kg/ha.), straw yield (5103 kg/ha.) and biomass yield (9646 kg/ha.) and also showed their efficacy in recording higher protein yield (438 kg/ha) and contents of N, P and K in grains and straw as well as their uptakes by wheat. Improved in grain yield that resulted in higher monetary advantages in terms of gross return (`1,20,351/ha), net return (` 87,830/ha) and B: C ratio (3.70) by the application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to weedy check (W11). Among alone application of sorghum extracts, application of sorghum extracts (1:3) significantly reduces weeds and recorded higher growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrients uptakes and economics as well as higher microbial population as compared weedy check (W11).ThesisItem Open Access Biology and Management of Leaf Webber and Capsule Borer, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) in Sesame(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-08-17) Kumar, Santosh; Sundria, M. M.; Kumawat, M. M.; Ram, DamaThe biology of leaf webber and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis was studied on sesame variety RT-351 under laboratory conditions and found that the female moth laid their eggs singly, oval in shape, translucent with orange colour spots with length and width varied from 0.35 - 0.45 mm and 0.18 - 0.25 mm, respectively. Incubation period found varied from 50.00 to 70.00 hours. There were five larval instars and total larval period varied from 9.28 to 12.60 days and the pupal period lasted from 4.20 to 7.40 days. The average length and width of pupa was found 7.43 ± 0.47 and 1.43 ± 0.22 mm. Moths were stout and medium in size. The colour of moth varied from light reddish brown to dark reddish brown. The female moth lived slightly longer than the males. Average male to female ratio was showed 1.0:1.1 to 1.0:1.3. During screening of sesame genotypes against sesame leaf webber and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) recorded 8.83% to 26.22%, 8.73% to 23.52% and 4.82% to 12.50% damage at vegetative, flowering and capsule stages, respectively. Genotype EC-35000 was found resistant and genotypes viz., NIC 13362A, IS-346, IS-552, SI-3275, IS-199-2-04 and SI-3315-16 were found moderately resistant whereas genotypes viz., SI-1925, S-0627 and IC-152485 were found moderately susceptible. Strain II of Beauveria bassiana gave 100, 95.00, 90.00, 77.50 and 70.00per cent of mortality against 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae after 96 hours of treatment, respectively, whereas bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Bt) gave 50.00, 45.00, 42.50, 32.50 and 20.00 per cent mortality of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae after 96 hours of application, respectively, under laboratory conditions among all the entomophagous fungal pathogen. Based on overall results, efficacy of bio-agents against A. catalaunalis can be showed in order B. bassiana strain II>B. bassiana strain I>M. anisopliae>V. dahlia>I. fumosorosea>Bacillus thuringiensis.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity Studies in Round Gourd [Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-07-16) Kumar, Sunil; Moond, S.K.; Choudhary, Santosh; Ram, MoolaA field experiment entitled “Diversity studies in Round gourd [Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo]” was carried out at the College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Kharif 2019 on 20 different genotype of round gourd including two check cultivars, to estimate the extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation among the yield and other attributing traits, direct and indirect effect of yield contributing traits through path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence through D2 statistics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited significant differences for all the studied characters suggesting the presence of great inherent genetic variation amongt the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficients of variation were slightly higher than the respective genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters under study. High estimates of heritability were noted for almost all the traits except days taken to 50% female flowering, leaf area and days to anthesis of first female flower. High heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for the traits of main vine length at harvest, number of marketable fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per hectare, fruit yield per plot, node on which first male flower appeared, fruit diameter, shelf life and rind thickness, suggesting additive gene action for expression of these characters. Hence, these characters may prove effective for selection to improve fruit yield per plant in round gourd. Correlation studies among the characters revealed that fruit yield per plant had significant positive association with the characters like number of leaves par plant, main vine length at harvest, internodal length, leaf area, number of marketable fruits, fruit diameter, fruit weight, rind thickness and shelf life both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis of various quantitative characters indicated that main vine length at harvest, internodal length, days to anthesis of first female flower, days taken to 50% female flowering, number of marketable fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight and rind thickness exhibited positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant. Based on the relative magnitude of D2 values, Tocher’s method resulted in formation of three clusters. Out of the three clusters, cluster I was the largest comprising of fifteen genotypes followed by II with four genotypes while the cluster III was monogenotypic, suggesting the existence of high degree of heterogeneity between the genotypes. The trait of fruit shelf life contributed the maximum towards genetic divergence. The highest intra-cluster distance was recorded in the cluster II, while the inter-cluster distance was the highest between cluster I and II, followed by cluster II and III, indicating that superior recombinants could be obtained by mating between genotypes of these clusters.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc and Iron on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-09-09) Kharra, Rekha; Shukla, U.N.; Mehriya, M.L.; Raiger, P.R.A field experiment entitled “Effect of agronomic biofortification of zinc and iron on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2019-20. Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with fourteen treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The two varieties (GNG 1581 and RSG-974) along with seven treatments under agronomic biofortification of Zn and Fe viz. control, ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA), FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA), ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA), ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA), FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA) and FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA). Results indicated that growing of chickpea variety GNG-1581 significantly increase all growth attributes at all growth stages except 30 DAS where none of the varieties showed significant effects. Among growth parameters, dry matter accumulation (5.80, 14.63 and 24.44 g/plant), number of primary branches/plant (4.74, 5.74 and 5.56) and number of secondary branches/plant (16.74, 20.96 and 23.71) significantly recorded at 60, 90 DAS at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (41.58 and 40.86), number of nodules/plant (37.45, and 26.86), fresh weight (353.81 and 121.29 mg/plant) and dry weight of nodules (157 and 53.75 mg/plant) were significantly recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively as compared to variety RSG-974 during crop season. Similarly, number of pods/plant (41.55) and 100 seed weight (14.45g) with RSG-974 except number of seeds/ pod (1.99) higher under GNG-1581 which resulted in higher seed yield (1,539 kg/ha.) stover yield (2,863 kg/ha.) and biological yield (4,402 kg/ha.) in variety GNG-1581. Chickpea variety GNG-1581 significantly higher contents of nitrogen (3.40 and 1.35%), zinc (30.78 and 22.68 mg/kg) and iron (56.95 and 313.19 mg/kg) in seed and stover, respectively along with their uptake by seed, stove and total uptakes. Improved in seed yield that resulted in higher monetary advantages in terms of gross return ( 89,330/ha), net return ( 62,905/ha) and B: C ratio (3.38) by the growing of variety GNG-1581. Among agronomic biofortification, treatments applied with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) was remain at par with application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA) with respect to all growth and yield attributes of chickpea during experimentation. *A Post Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. ** M.Sc. (Ag.) thesis submitted to Agriculture University, Jodhpur for partial fulfillment of the requirement of degree under the supervision of Dr. U. N. Shukla, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, JodhpurApplication of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) significantly increased growth attributes of chickpea viz. plant height (36.81, 68.54 and 70.64 cm), dry matter accumulation/plant (6.11, 15.72 and 26.04 g/plant), number of primary branches/plant (5.56, 6.53 and 6.41) and secondary branches/plant (17.36, 22.15 and 24.69) at 60, 90 DAS at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (44.94 and 44.89), number of nodules/plant (42.12 and 32.83), fresh weight of nodules (429.00 and 140.17 mg/plant) and dry weight of nodules (173.20 and 60.06 mg/plant) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively and increased yield attributing characters viz. number of pods/plant (45.16), number of seed/pod (2.18) and 100-seed weight (15.98 g) resulted in higher seed (1,827 kg/ha), stover (3,449 kg/ha) and biological yield (4,876 kg/ha) along with harvest index (37.47 %) over rest of the treatments. Similarly, Application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) significantly improved contents of nitrogen (3.56 and 1.38%) in seed and stover, respectively with their uptakes, while significantly higher contents of zinc (37.46 and 22.95 mg/kg) in seed and stover with their uptakes (60.98 and 667.03 g/ha) in seed and stover, respectively resulted in total uptake of zinc (728.01 g/ha) under application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA). However, application of FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) significantly improved contents of iron (69.17 and 390.83 mg/kg) in seed and stover with their uptakes (93.91 and 1,040.43 g/ha) in seed and stover, respectively resulted in total uptake of iron (1,134.34 g/ha) during investigation. Improvements in yield of chickpea, which subsequently improved gross return ( 1,04,327 and 94,122/ha), net return ( 77,648 and 67,491/ha) and B: C ratio (3.91 and 3.53) under the application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% FeSO4 (FA) followed by ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (SA) + 0.5% ZnSO4 (FA), respectively during investigation.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DATE OF SOWING AND PLANT GEOMETRY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHIA (Salvia hispanica L.)”(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 2018-05-25) Ms. Anjali Jingar; Dr. Moola Ram; Kumhar S.R, U.N. Shukla, B. R. ChoudharyThesisItem Open Access Effect of Different Methods of Defoliation in Lasura (Cordia myxa L.) on Yield and Quality of Fruits(2018-06-25) Mr. Manish Kumar; R.L. Bhardwaj; Kumhar S.R, Santosh Choudhary, R.C. Meena, B.S. RajpurohitThesisItem Open Access Effect of Fertility Levels and Different Herbicides on the Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-07-04) Sarita; Singh, Ishwar; Mehriya, Moti Lal; Parewa, Hanuman Prasad; Chandawat, M.S.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture-Jodhpur, Rajasthan (Agriculture University, Jodhpur) during Rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiment consisted of three fertility levels [75% RDF (90-30 kg N-P2O5/ha), 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P2O5/ha) and 125% RDF (150-50 kg N-P2O5/ha)] and seven herbicidal treatments (trisulfuron @ 15 g/ha 35 DAS; sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha 35 DAS; clodinafop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha 35 DAS; carfentrazon @ 20 g/ha 35 DAS; metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g/ha 35 DAS; weedy check and weed free check). The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design (SPD) with RDF in main and herbicides in sub plot replicated three times. Findings based on pooled analysis indicate that the lowest total weed dry weight at harvest was recorded with application of 75% RDF (24.72 g/m2 ). The N, P and K depletion by weed at 50 DAS and at harvest were increased significantly with increasing level of fertility upto 125% RDF. The plant height (89.14 cm) and crop dry matter (300.8 g/meter row length) at harvest stage were increased significantly up to 100% RDF on pooled basis. The LAI at 50 (3.06) & 75 DAS (4.01), CGR between 50-75 (17.08 g/m2 /day) and NAR (5.57 g/m2 leaf area/day) between 50-75 DAS were also responded significantly with application of fertilizer up to 100% RDF on pooled basis. Further, application of 100% RDF levels substantially improved yield attributing characters viz., number of total tillers/meter row length (147), spikes/meter row (143), spike length (13.36 cm), grains/spike (41.52) and test weight (45.44 g) over 75% RDF. Application of 100% RDF recorded significantly higher grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha), biological yield (9103 kg/ha) and harvest index (44.82%) over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Application of 100% RDF recorded higher N (54.59 kg/ha), P (5.05 kg/ha) and K (45.20 kg/ha) uptake in wheat plant over 75% RDF. N and K uptake by crop at 50 DAS was significantly increased upto 100% RDF whereas, uptake of phosphorus was significantly enhanced with each graded level of fertility up to 125% RDF on pooled basis. At harvest, application of 100% RDF significantly improved total N, P and K uptake of wheat by 28.04, 25.7 and 21.0% over 75% RDF, respectively. Additionally, significant improvement in crude protein content (10.10%) and protein yield (415.4 kg/ha) were also recorded with application of 100% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Application of 100% RDF recorded markedly higher N (72.98 and 25.93 kg/ha), P (13.25 and 8.73 kg/ha) and K (19.45 and 82.90 kg/ha) uptake in grain and straw of wheat over 75% RDF, respectively. Interaction effect between fertility levels and herbicides on N and P uptake in grain was found statistically significant. Herbicides ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha’ recorded higher N (86.11 and 32.79 kg/ha) and P uptake in grain with the application of 100% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basisThe results on pooled basis reveal that clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha gave the lowest total weed density (7.06/m2 ) and weed dry weight at harvest (9.52 g/m2 ). The higher weed control efficiency (91.30%), weed index (1.91), herbicide efficiency index (0.221) and crop resistance index at 50 DAS (9.68), 75 DAS (10.81) and at harvest (17.65) were recorded with clodinafop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha. On pooled basis, application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha and weed free check plots were on par and gave significantly minimum removal of N, P and K by weed at 50 DAS (1.13, 0.109 and 0.940 kg/ha) and at harvest (1.608, 0.165 &1.335 kg/ha), respectively. These treatments also remained at par with sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha. Herbicide ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha’ substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., plant height at harvest (92.33 cm), crop dry matter (325.5 g/meter row length), tillers/meter row length (156), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.15) at 75 DAS (4.05), net assimilation rate between 50-75 DAS (5.30 g/m2 leaf area/day) and crop growth rate between 50-75 DAS (16.49 g/m2 /day) over weedy check. Further, the herbicide ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha at 35 DAS’ also recorded marked improvement in yield attributes viz., spikes/meter row length (153), spike length (14.28 cm), grains/spike (44.52), test weight (46.27g), grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check, on pooled basis Considerably higher N (56.95 kg/ha), P (5.83 kg/ha) and K (49.39) uptake in wheat plant at 50 DAS was recorded under application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha over rest of the treatments However it was at par with sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha. Substantially higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by grain (80.70, 14.78 & 21.98 kg/ha) and straw (28.62, 10.09 & 92.38 kg/ha) were recorded by clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha on pooled basis. Post-harvest soil fertility analysis of wheat crop reveal significant improvement in available nitrogen (173.97 kg/ha) and phosphorus (22.57 kg/ha) with the application of 100 and 125% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Moreover, application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha and sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha significantly enhanced available nitrogen (174.84 & 174.83 kg/ha), phosphorus (23.67 & 23.65 kg/ha) and potassium (325.36 & 325.10 kg/ha) recorded in soil after harvest of wheat over rest of treatments on pooled basis. Economic analysis predict, that application of 100% RDF along with clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha recorded significantly higher grain yield (4662 kg/ha), net return (`88,370/ha) and B: C ratio (3.16). Thus, based on the data of two years, it can be concluded that wheat grown under the agro-climatic condition of Zone-I a, can be fertilized with 100% RDF (120 kg nitrogen & 40 kg phosphorus/ha) along with application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha for management of weeds.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Foliar Fertilization of NPK on Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) in Loamy Sand Soil of Rajasthan(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-07-08) Chouhan, Rakesh; Choudhary, Santosh; Moond, S. K.; Kumawat, M. M.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, during Rabi 2020, to determine the effect of foliar fertilization of NPK water soluble fertilizer and its spray numbers on growth and yield quality and net returns of carrot in Rajasthan. The treatments comprising of five spray concentrations of water-soluble fertilizers (WSF) i.e. control, WSF @ 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%; and two spray numbers i.e. two at 30 & 60 DAS and four-30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS allocated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Experiment results revealed that among the spray concentration of WSF 2.0% being at par WSF 1.5% recorded significantly higher plant height, the number of leaves/ plant, fresh weight of aerial parts, root diameter, core diameter, root length, root weight, root yield, β carotene content, TSS, net returns (` 1,67,279 /ha) and B:C ratio (1.84) as compared to WSF 0.5 % and control. Further, significantly higher plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh weight of aerial parts, root diameter, core diameter, root length, root weight, root yield, β carotene content, TSS, net returns (`1,54,491/ha) and B:C ratio (1.70) were recorded with four sprays over two sprays. Hence, spray concentration of WSF 2.0% with four sprays on carrot found optimum to produced higher yield of carrot with enhanced quality and returns arid western Rajasthan.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Humic and Boric Acid on Growth, Yield and Quality of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 2018-05-25) Mr. Rajesh Meena; Dr. R.L. Bhardwaj; Santosh Choudhary, Sundria M.M, J. R. VermaThesisItem Open Access Effect of IBA and Various Media on Hardwood Cuttings of Pomegranate (Punica granatam L.) cv. Bhagwa(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-08-17) Singh, Laxman; Bhardwaj, R. L.; Moond, S.K.; Meena, R.C.An experiment entitled “Effect of IBA and Various Rooting Media on Hardwood Cuttings of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa” was conducted at the Horticulture cum Instructional Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Raj.) during August, 2020 to September, 2020. The key objective of an experiment was toidentify the most suitable growing media and Indole-3 Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration for growing the best quality and most presentable cuttings of Pomegranate. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design involvingtotal 16 treatments which were replicated 3 times. Fifteen out of total 16 treatment sinvolves different combinations of IBA, soil and rooting media viz. Coco peat, Vermicompost, Vermiculite, Perlite which were compared to Soil, which is considered as a control treatment. The treatment, T16–Soil + Coco peat + Vermicompost + Perlite + IBA 3000 ppm has recorded highest values in terms of percentage of rooted cuttings (87.63%), survival percentage of rooted cuttings (81.43%), number of roots per cutting (33.91), longest length of roots per cutting (29.52 cm), sprouts per cutting (2.62), length of shoots per cutting (32.35 cm), leaves per rooted cuttings (78.73), leaves on longest shoots (26.74), fresh weight of shoot (16.68 g) and survival percentage after transplanting (79.11%). The treatment T16 was also found economically viable as compared to other treatments under study, justified by its highest gross return of Rs. 27720 and B:C ratio 2:1.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Jiwamrita on Growth and Yield of Organic Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-09-04) Swami, Anil; Ram, Moola; Mehriya, M. L.; Meena, R. C.A field experiment “Effect of Jiwamrita on Growth and Yield of Organic Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor during Kharif 2020 in loamy sand soil, low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium content with pH 8.2. Treatments in main plots were mode of application, M1: Soil application, M2: Foliar application and M3: Soil and foliar application and in sub plots were doses of Jiwamrita: S1: Control, S2: 50 ml/l, S3: 100 ml/l and S4: 150 ml/l which were replicated thrice in split plot design. Results revealed that Jiwamrita as combined soil and foliar application (M3) significantly increased the plant height, number of pods/plant and number of grains/pod of organic mungbean over soil application alone (M1) whereas number of branches/plant and grain yield were recorded significantly higher under combined soil and foliar application (M3) as compared to soil application alone (M1) and foliar application alone (M2). The maximum growth and yield attributes were recorded with the dose of Jiwamrita @ 150 ml/l of solution (S4) which was found statistically at par with the dose of Jiwamrita @ 100 ml/1 of solution (S3). However, the maximum benefit cost ratio (3.2) was recorded with the dose of Jiwamrita @ 100 ml/1 of solution (S3). From the study, it was concluded that Jiwamrita was found effective in organic mungbean under combined soil and foliar mode of application and a dose of Jiwamrita @ 100 ml/l of solution was found beneficial in terms of increasing growth attributes, yield attributes and economic return of organic munbean. These results are based on one year experiment hence requires validation through further experiments to formulate recommendation.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Levels of Sulphur and Antioxidants on Sustainable Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Production(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 2018-06-28) AJAY KUMAR; Dr. Ishwar Singh; Bhardwaj R.L, Shukla U.N, and .Mehriya M.LThesisItem Open Access Effect of Levels of Sulphur and Antioxidants on Sustainable Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Production(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 2018-06-01) Mr. Ajay Kumar; Dr. Ishwar Singh; Dr. R.L. Bhardwaj, U.N. Shukla and M.L. MehriyaThesisItem Open Access Effect of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2019-06-19) Mandiwal, Mukesh; Shukla, U. N.; Mehriya, M. L.; Raiger, P. R.A field experiment entitled “Effect of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur during kharif season of 2018. A field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were Control (F0), 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 (F1), 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (F2), 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB (F3), 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB (F4), 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Aspergillus awamori (F5), 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Aspergillus awamori (F6), 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7) and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F8). According to treatments, seeds of mungbean were inoculated with PSB + Aspergillus awamori, while different doses of phosphorus were applied in the soil. Among growth attributes viz. plant height (14.73, 46.08 and 49.48 cm), dry matter accumulation plant-1 (3.02, 21.45 and 24.63 g) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, respectively, while final plant population (3.29 lakh ha-1), number of branches plant-1 (7.81) as well as yield attributing characters viz. number of pods plant-1 (48.34), seeds pod-1 (12.57) and 1000-seeds weight (44.66 g) resulted in higher seed yield (1583 kg ha-1) and stover yield (3504 kg ha-1) were recorded significantly under treatment applied with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F8) followed by 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7). However, 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7) and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Aspergillus awamori (F6) were statistically at par with each others with respect to growth attributes, yield attributes and yield of mungbean.Similarly, integrated application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F8) recorded significantly higher phosphorus content in seeds (0.477%) and stover (0.273%) results in higher uptake of phosphorus by seeds (7.56 kg ha-1) and stover (9.56 kg ha-1) of mungbean and showed significant superiority over rest of the treatments. However, 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7) and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Aspergillus awamori (F6) were statistically at par with each others with respect to phosphorus content and uptake by seeds and stover. Increase in seed and stover yield, which subsequently improved gross returns ( 1,31,440 and 1,20,787 ha-1), net returns ( 1,08,671 and 98,960 ha-1 ) and B: C ratio (5.77 and 5.53 ) and recorded highest under 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F8) followed by 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB + Aspergillus awamori (F7), respectivelyThesisItem Open Access Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.](Agriculture University, Jodhpur) Kumari, Sonu; Meena, M.L.; Moond, S.K.; Meena, R.C.A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators viz.6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on growth, flowering and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] during kharif, 2020, at the Instructional farm, Agricultural Research Station, Jodhpur. The experiment comprised ten treatments consisting of three levels (25, 50 and 75 ppm) each of BAP, GA3 and NAA along with control. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The result showed that all the growth, flowering, yield and yield attributing parameters were influenced significantly by application of different plant bioregulators viz. BAP, GA3 and NAA. Among the growth parameters, the highest inter-nodal length (6.68 cm), plant height (156.4 cm) and leaf area index (3.1) were recorded with GA3 @ 75 ppm treatment, whereas maximum stem diameter (43.88 mm), number of branches per plant (5.10) and number of nodes on main stem (25.05) were recorded with NAA @ 75 ppm.The minimum number of days to appearance of first flowering (35.50), 50% flowering (41.80), first fruit harvest (46.60) and node on which first flower appeared (3.82) and first fruit harvested (3.94) were also recorded with NAA @ 75 ppm. Among yield and yield attributing parameters, the highest fruit length (11.67 cm), fruit diameter (1.72 cm), fruit weight (14.90 g), number of fruits per plant (27.38), number of marketable fruits per plant (25.70), fruit yield per plant (359.48 g) and fruit yield per hectare (13.21 t) were recorded with NAA @ 75 ppm treatment. Moreover, the maximum net profit (Rs 1,55,269.00 per hectare) and B:C ratio (3.62:1) were obtained when the crop was treated with 75 ppm NAA. Amongst all the plant growth regulators, NAA @ 75 ppm was found to be the best treatment for okra on the basis of overall results of growth, flowering and fruit yield of okra.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Spacing and Training Method on Growth and Yield of Off-season Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) Cultivation Under Insect Proof Net-house Conditions(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2019-10-06) Verma, Manisha; Moond, S.K.; Choudhary, Santosh; M.M., SundriaAn experiment entitled “Effect of spacing and training method on growth and yield of off-season ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) cultivation under insect proof net house conditions” was carried out during Rabi season of 2018-19 at College of Agriculture, Mandor-Jodhpur. The experiment comprised of nine treatment combination of viz. three levels of spacing 45 cm × 45 cm (S1), 45 cm × 60 cm (S2) and 45 cm × 75 cm (S3), with three training methods viz. Single stem (T1), Double stem (T2) and Triple stem (T3), laid out in factorial RBD with three replications. The results revealed that the plants grown in wider (S3) spacing recorded the maximum leaf area (94.72 cm2 ), the minimum internodal length (16.46 cm), earliest first flower appearance (23.74 days), earliest first anthesis (31.36 days), the maximum number of flowers produced per vine (134.88), production of first flower at a lower node (6.18), highest number of fruits produced per vine (62.44), maximum fruit weight (33.22 g), fruit volume (42.54 cc), TSS (2.34 °Brix) and yield per vine (2.07 kg). The maximum yield per plot (19.14 kg) was observed in close spacing (S1). Amongst the training methods single stem training (T1) recorded the maximum vine length (378.13 cm), number of leaves per stem (22.15), number of nodes per stem (22.89), leaf area (94.87 cm2 ), earliest first flower appearance (23.74 days) and first flower anthesis (31.98 days), the minimum internodal length (16.33 cm), production of first flower at lower node (5.96), the maximum fruits length (11.47 cm), fruit diameter (3.41 cm), fruit volume (47.18 cc) and fruit weight (33.81 g), while the highest number of flowers produced per vine (143.54), number of fruits produced per vine (66.88), yield per vine (1.79 kg) and yield per plot (17.86 kg) were recorded in triple stem training (T3). The treatment 45 × 75 cm spacing with triple stem training recorded the maximum numbers of flowers (145.35) and fruits (67.67) produced per vine while the treatment 45 × 45 cm spacing with triple stem training had the highest net returns (Rs. 86,142.0) as well as B:C ratio (2.78).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Spacing and Training Method on Growth and Yield of Off-season Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) Cultivation Under Insect Proof Net-house Conditions(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2019-06-10) Verma, Manisha; Moond, S.K.; Choudhary, Santosh; M.M., SundriaAn experiment entitled “Effect of spacing and training method on growth and yield of off-season ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) cultivation under insect proof net house conditions” was carried out during Rabi season of 2018-19 at College of Agriculture, Mandor-Jodhpur. The experiment comprised of nine treatment combination of viz. three levels of spacing 45 cm × 45 cm (S1), 45 cm × 60 cm (S2) and 45 cm × 75 cm (S3), with three training methods viz. Single stem (T1), Double stem (T2) and Triple stem (T3), laid out in factorial RBD with three replications. The results revealed that the plants grown in wider (S3) spacing recorded the maximum leaf area (94.72 cm2 ), the minimum internodal length (16.46 cm), earliest first flower appearance (23.74 days), earliest first anthesis (31.36 days), the maximum number of flowers produced per vine (134.88), production of first flower at a lower node (6.18), highest number of fruits produced per vine (62.44), maximum fruit weight (33.22 g), fruit volume (42.54 cc), TSS (2.34 °Brix) and yield per vine (2.07 kg). The maximum yield per plot (19.14 kg) was observed in close spacing (S1). Amongst the training methods single stem training (T1) recorded the maximum vine length (378.13 cm), number of leaves per stem (22.15), number of nodes per stem (22.89), leaf area (94.87 cm2 ), earliest first flower appearance (23.74 days) and first flower anthesis (31.98 days), the minimum internodal length (16.33 cm), production of first flower at lower node (5.96), the maximum fruits length (11.47 cm), fruit diameter (3.41 cm), fruit volume (47.18 cc) and fruit weight (33.81 g), while the highest number of flowers produced per vine (143.54), number of fruits produced per vine (66.88), yield per vine (1.79 kg) and yield per plot (17.86 kg) were recorded in triple stem training (T3). The treatment 45 × 75 cm spacing with triple stem training recorded the maximum numbers of flowers (145.35) and fruits (67.67) produced per vine while the treatment 45 × 45 cm spacing with triple stem training had the highest net returns (Rs. 86,142.0) as well as B:C ratio (2.78).