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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STANDARDIZATION OF CROP GEOMETRY AND NITROGEN LEVELS FOR COMPACT COTTON GENOTYPE (Gossypium hirsutum L.) IN RAINFED VERTISOLS
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) BIXAPATHI, BANOTH; BHARATHI, S
    A field experiment was conducted on clay soils of Regional Agricultural Research Station Lam, Guntur to study “Standardization of crop geometry and nitrogen levels for compact cotton genotype (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in rainfed vertisols” during the year 2018 – 2019 under rainfed condition. The treatments consisted of three crop geometries S1 - 60cm × 10cm, S2- 75cm × 10cm, S3- 90cm × 45cm in combination with four nitrogen levels N1- 45kg N ha-1, N2- 90kg N ha-1, N3- 135kg N ha-1, N4- 180kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Taller plants and maximum drymatter accumulation, functional leaves per square meter and leaf area index were recorded with closer crop geometry of 60cm × 10cm. However, number of sympodial branches per plant and sympodial length was highest with wider crop geometry 90cm × 45cm. All the growth parameters recorded maximum with application of 180Kg N ha-1 than all the other levels of nitrogen tested. The crop geometry 60cm x 10cm recorded in maximum SCMR values and was significantly superior over rest of the crop geometry tested. Application of nitrogen 180Kg N ha-1 recorded maximum SCMR values. Number of bolls per square meter and seed cotton yield per ha-1 were recorded maximum with closer crop geometry of 60cm × 10cm. The number of bolls per square meter and boll weight were more with application of 180kg N ha-1. The maximum seed cotton yield was recorded with application of 135kg N ha-1 and was on a par with 180kg N ha-1. The maximum uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were recorded with closer crop geometry of 60cm × 10cm and with application of 180 kg N ha-1 followed by 135 kg N ha-1 than other crop geometry and nitrogen levels tested. The maximum gross returns, net returns and return per rupee investment were obtained at closer crop geometry of 60cm × 10cm than all the other crop geometry tested. The highest net return and return per rupee investment recorded with nitrogen level of 135kg N ha-1, and was on par with 180 kg N ha-1. Overall, the results showed that the spacing of 60cm × 10cm was found to be optimum to realize higher growth, seed cotton yield and net returns under high density planting system in the variety LHDP1. Increase in nitrogen application from 45kg N ha-1 to 180kg N ha-1 recorded higher growth and seed cotton yield and net returns. Application of 135kg N ha-1 was optimum for production of maximum seed cotton yield and net returns.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF MANURES IN COMBINATION WITH BIOFERTILIZER CONSORTIUM ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF RICE FALLOW SORGHUM
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) SREENIVASA REDDY, KADAPA; PULLA RAO, Ch
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of manures in combination with biofertilizer consortium on yield and quality of rice fallow sorghum” was conducted on clay loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during rabi, 2018-19. The treatments consisted of T1: Control, T2: 100% Recommended dose of fertilizers, T3: 50% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T4: 75% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T5: 100% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T6: 125% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T7: Biofertilizer consortium. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and replicated thrice with seven treatments. The results indicated that increased levels of fertilizer doses along with biofertilizer consortium significantly increased the plant height, drymatter production at all growth stages of sorghum under rice fallows. The plant height increased with advancement in the age of the crop. Application of 125% RDF +Biofertilizer consortium (T6) recorded the highest plant height (216.1 cm) and drymatter production (12453 kg ha-1) consistently at 30, 60, 90 and harvest stages. Days to 50% flowering and maturity were non-significantly recorded with increasing levels of inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizer consortium. Control (T1) recorded maximum number of days to 50% flowering (65) whereas minimum number of days (62) to 50% flowering was recorded with (T6) treatment (125% RDF + Biofertilizer consortium). The control (T1) treatment took less number of days (99) to reach maturity and (T6) treatment took maximum days (102) followed by T5 (100% RDF + Biofertilizer consortium). xv All the yield attributes viz., number of earheads m-2, length of ear head (cm), number of filled grains per earhead and test weight (g/1000 grains) were significantly influenced by combined application of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers. Highest number of earheads m-2 (14.5) and maximum length of earhead (33.2 cm) were recorded with T6 treatment (125% RDF + Biofertilizer consortium) which was on par with T5 treatment. The highest test weight value (26.3 g) was observed with T6 followed by T5 (25.8 g). However, lower test weight (24.6) of sorghum was noticed with the control (T1). Grain and straw yields of sorghum differed significantly with varying levels of Inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizer consortium. The maximum grain yield (4135 kg ha-1) and stover yield (7524 kg ha-1) were recorded with the T6 treatment (125% RDF +Biofertilizer consortium ) but it remained on par with 100% RDF + Biofertilizer consortium (T5) treatment (3918 kg ha-1) and 100% RDF (T2) treatment (3854 kg ha-1). The lowest grain yield (2880 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5529 kg ha-1) were recorded in control. Percent increase in the grain yield due to the treatments T6, T5 and T2 were 43.5, 36, 33.8 observed respectively over control. The magnitude of increase in stover yield with T6, T5 and T2 were 36.0, 30.3 and 28.9 percent respectively increase over control (T1). The highest value of harvest index (35.5%) was recorded with T6 during the study which was followed by T5 (35.3%) while treatment T1 (control) recorded the lowest harvest index of (34.2%). The results of bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes populations were significantly influenced with application of inorganic and biofertilizer consortium. An increase in bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes population was observed at harvest compared to initial population of the experimental soil. The maximum bacterial population (88.3) was observed with (T6) treatment followed by (T5) treatment (79.7X106 CFU g-1 soil). Fungal population of (8.2) at harvest was noticed in the treatment (T6) while, the minimum population of (3.5X104CFU g-1 soil) recorded with control. Increase in the population of actinomycetes at harvest in (T6) treatment (57.3) and the lowest population (28.9X104 CFU g-1 soil) was recorded with control (T1) treatment. Maximum protein content (9.1%) in grain was recorded by T6 treatment (125% RDF+ Biofertilizers consortium) which was followed by 100% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium i.e T5 (8.7%) treatment. Nutrient content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were increased with the combined application of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer consortium. The treatment (T6) 125% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium recorded the highest nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and uptake by the grain and straw which was on par with T5 treatment. xvi Post harvest available soil N,P and K status in the soil with treatment (T6) have shown highest available nutrients 242.8, 90.0, 446.2 kg N, P and K ha-1. The highest gross returns (Rs.1000927 ha-1), net returns (Rs.67371 ha-1) and returns per rupee were obtained with application of 125% RDF+ Biofertilizers consortium (T6) treatment. Further, control treatment (T1) recorded lowest gross returns (Rs. 70452 ha-1) and net returns (Rs. 42702 ha-1). Higher returns per rupee investment (2.01) were obtained with the application of (T6) and followed by T5 (1.95) and T2 treatments (1.93). From overall results manifested that, addition of inorganics in combination with biofertilizer consortium proved to be more efficient in improving the microbial population and soil health. Application of 125% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium in sorghum under rice fallows recorded higher growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yields higher returns per rupee investment of sorghum.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF HYBRID PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan L.) TO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) SAI KUMARI, GORLA; VENKATA RAO, P
    A field experiment entitled “Response of hybrid pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) to nitrogen and phosphorus” was conducted on clay soils at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam farm during kharif, 2018-19 under rainfed conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. The treatment combinations comprised of four nitrogen levels (N1 : 20 kg ha-1, N2 : 40 kg ha-1, N3 : 60 kg ha-1 & N4 : 80 kg ha-1) and three phosphorus (P2O5) levels (P1 : 50 kg ha-1, P2 : 75 kg ha-1 and P3 : 100 kg ha-1). The results of the investigation revealed that, the plant growth parameters (plant height, drymatter accumulation and number of branches plant-1) were significantly influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus but not their interaction. Plant height (40.5 cm, 135.3 cm and 232.4 cm), drymatter accumulation (81 kg ha-1, 3816 kg ha-1 and 7347 kg ha-1) and number of primary and secondary branches plant-1 (14.2 and 39.0) were registered higher with higher level of nitrogen (80 kg ha-1) at all the growth stages (45 DAS, 90 DAS and at harvest, respectively. Similarly, higher values of plant height (39.7 cm, 134.3 cm and 230.6 cm), drymatter accumulation (78 kg ha-1, 3642 kg ha-1 and 7213 kg ha-1) and branches plant-1 (13.6, 37.1) were recorded with higher dose of phosphorus (100 kg ha-1) at 45 DAS, 90 DAS and harvest, respectively. Higher nodule count in hybrid pigeonpea was observed with higher levels of nitrogen (7.2 and 21.6) and phosphorus (7.0 and 20.8) at 45 DAS and 90 DAS, respectively Maximum number of pods plant-1 was recorded with 80 kg N ha-1 (711) which was on par with 60 kg N ha-1 (682). Among the phosphorus levels, highest number of pods plant-1 (678) were registered with phosphorus level of 100 kg ha-1 xv which was statistically on par with 75 kg ha-1 (629). Pod length and seeds pod-1 could not reach the level of significance. It was observed that the nitrogen and phosphorus levels could not show any influence on 100 seed weight significantly. The maximum seed yield (1911 kg ha-1) was registered with 80 kg N ha-1 and it was statistically on par with 60 kg N ha-1 (1900 kg ha-1) and the lowest yield was obtained with lowest level of 20 kg N ha-1. Similarly, with highest level of phosphorus (100 kg ha-1) maximum seed yield of 1880 kg ha-1 was noticed when compared with 75 kg ha-1 (1833 kg ha-1). Similarly, stalk yield was registered maximum with 80 kg N ha-1 (6245 kg ha-1) and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 (6130 kg ha-1). These were significantly superior over their lower levels of nitrogen 40 kg ha-1 and 20 kg ha-1 and phosphorus (50 kg P2O5 ha-1) and was statistically on par with their preceeding levels of 60 kg N ha-1 (6177 kg ha-1) & 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 (6000 kg ha-1). The Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium uptake at all the growth stages were significantly influenced by the nitrogen and phosphorus levels but their interaction failed to show significant influence. The N, P and K uptake at 45 DAS (0.41 kg ha-1, 0.14 kg ha-1 and 0.60 kg ha-1), 90 DAS (35.2 kg ha-1, 6.2 kg ha-1 and 30 kg ha-1) and at harvest in seed (71.4 kg ha-1, 9.2 kg ha-1 and 11.2 kg ha-1) and stalk (89.5 kg ha-1, 17.5 kg ha-1 and 90.5 kg ha-1), respectively were recorded maximum with the highest level of nitrogen (80 kg ha-1) and this was on par with 60 kg N ha-1. The maximum N, P, K uptake of 0.39 kg ha-1, 0.12 kg ha-1 and 0.54 kg ha-1 at 45 DAS; 33.3 kg ha-1, 5.6 kg ha-1 and 26.6 kg ha-1 at 90 DAS; 67.8 kg ha-1, 8.7 kg ha-1 and 10.8 kg ha-1 in seed and 82.1 kg ha-1, 16 kg ha-1 and 87.9 kg ha-1 in stalk, respectively were noticed with highest level of phosphorus (100 kg ha-1) and significant difference was not observed between this level and its preceeding level of 75 kg P2O5 ha-1. The gross returns, net returns and returns per rupee investment were obtained highest with higher level of nitrogen @ 80 kg ha-1 (Rs. 98, 433 ha-1, Rs. 60, 843 ha-1 and 1.62) which was on par with 60 kg N ha-1 (Rs. 97,856 ha-1, Rs. 60, 522 ha-1 and 1.62). Among the phosphorus levels, highest gross returns and net returns were recorded with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 (Rs. 96,808 ha-1, Rs. 58,196 ha-1) and these were on par with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1. Whereas, returns per rupee investment was recorded highest with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 (1.54). From the present investigation, it can be concluded that the maximum yield and economic returns can be obtained with application of 60 kg N ha-1 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 under rainfed conditions in hybrid pigeonpea in Krishna zone of Andhra Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON ZINC FORTIFICATION IN BABY CORN
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) SAI KRISHNA, M; VENKATESWARLU, B
    A field experiment entitled “Studies on Zinc fortification in Baby corn” was carried out during kharif, 2018–19 on a clay soil at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The treatments consist of soil and foliar application of zinc sulphate and were laid out in Randomized block design with three replications. Details of the treatments are as follows:- T1: Control (no zinc), T2: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 15 DAS, T3: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 30 DAS, T4: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 15 DAS and at 30 DAS, T5: Soil application ZnSO4 @ 12.5 kg ha-1, T6: T5+ foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 15 DAS, T7: T5+foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 30 DAS, T8: T5+foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 15 DAS and 30 DAS, T9: Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1, T10: T9+ foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 15 DAS, T11: T9+foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 30 DAS and T12: T9+foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 15 DAS and 30 DAS. Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 15 DAS and 30 DAS i.e. T12 treatment recorded significantly the highest plant height, drymatter accumulation and per day productivity at 20, 40 DAS and at harvest and was on a par with soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 30 DAS i.e. T11, soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 15 DAS i.e. T10 and soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 i.e. T9. However, T12 was significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The lowest plant height, drymatter accumulation and per day productivity were registered in control treatment. xv Among the different zinc fertilization treatments, T12 treatment i.e. soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 15 & 30 DAS was taken lower number of days (44) to 50% tasseling and days to harvest (49) which was comparable with T11, T10,T9,T8,T7, T6 and T5 treatments. While the highest number of days (55) and (60) for 50% tasseling and days to harvest were registered by the control treatment. Yield attributing characters like length, girth, ear weight with husk, ear weight without husk, husk percentage, density of ear, green and dry fodder yield were significantly the highest with soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 15 & 30 DAS (T12) and the lowest was from control treatment. The highest corn yield (10,000 kg ha-1) was found with the soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 15 & 30 DAS and the lowest (6892 kg ha-1) was recorded from control. Among the treatments tested, soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 15 & 30 DAS (T12) had recorded the highest green and dry fodder yield. Significantly the lowest yield was observed in control. The highest crude protein, ash and sugar content in plant and ear were obtained with soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1+ foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 15 & 30 DAS (T12). Whereas the lowest were recorded in control. However, the crude fibre content was the highest in control treatment and the lowest value was registered in T12 treatment. Zinc content in plant at 30, 40 DAS and at harvest in plant and ear at harvest was influenced significantly by T12 treatment with soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 15 & 30 DAS and the lowest was registered by the control treatment. Significantly the highest available zinc in soil after harvest was recorded from T12 treatment. Whereas, the lowest was found in control. The highest net return and B:C ratio was found from soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.2% at 15 & 30 DAS i.e. T12 treatment. Applying 12.5 kg ZnSO4 to soil alone (T5) also resulted in economically viable B:C ratio that was statistically comparable with T12 treatment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CROP WEATHER RELATIONSHIP IN CHICKPEA UNDER COASTAL AGRO-ECOSYSTEM
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) SURYAKALA, ADHIKARI; RADHA KRISHNA MURTHY, V
    A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla in clay soils during rabi 2018-19 to investigate the crop weather relationship in chickpea under coastal agro-ecosystem. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and replicated thrice.The treatments consisted of three varieties of chickpea viz., NBeG-47 (V1), NBeG-49 (V2) and NBeG-119 (V3) as first factor and five dates of sowing viz., 2nd fortnight of October (D1), 1st fortnight of November (D2), 2nd fortnight of November (D3), 1st fortnight of December (D4) and 2nd fortnight of December (D5) as second factor. The results indicated that the growth parameters viz., plant height, drymatter production, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, yield attributes and yield were significantly influenced by varieties and dates of sowing but the interaction was found to be non-significant between varieties and dates of sowing. Chickpea crop sown during 2nd fortnight of October (D1) recorded significantly taller plants, accumulated maximum drymatter and maximum number of days to attain 50% flowering, days to maturity, higher number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed index and yield. Among the varieties, significantly taller plants were recorded with NBeG-47 (V1). The maximum accumulated drymatter and yield attributes were observed with the NBeG-119 (V3) as compared to other varieties viz., NBeG-47 (V1) and NBeG-49 (V2). Among the varieties, NBeG-119(V3) took maximum number of days to attain 50% flowering and maturity and found significantly superior to NBeG-47 (V1) and NBeG-49 (V2). xviii The highest seed yield of 1869 kg ha-1 was recorded with 2nd fortnight of October sowing (D1). Among the varieties, the highest seed yield of 1418 kg ha-1 was recorded with NBeG-119 (V3) and was found significantly superior to NBeG-47 (V1) and NBeG-49 (V2). Numerically, the highest haulm yield (2157 kg ha-1) was recorded with the variety NBeG-119 (V3) when sown on 2nd fortnight of October, which was superior to NBeG-47 (V1) and NBeG-49 (V2) sown at same sowing window. Days to attain different phenological stages differed for varieties within different dates of sowing. The maximum numbers of days to attain maturity were recorded with NBeG-119 (V3) variety followed by NBeG-49 (V2) and NBeG-47 (V1). Higher values of all agroclimatic/weather health indices/climatic normals viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, PTI, TPR, HUE, HtUE and PtUE were recorded with 2nd fortnight of October sowing (D1) irrespective of the varieties. Among the varieties NBeG-119 (V3) recorded the optimum values of all climatic normals/agroclimatic/weather health indices. These weather health indices were found to be optimum for all the varieties to produce maximum potential yields. Regression equations indicated significant linear relationship for both total drymatter and seed yield of all the three varieties with climatic normals/weather health indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, PTI, TPR, HUE, HtUE and PtUE. By using these regression equations, growth and yield of chickpea could be predicted with the help of daily weather information collected on weather parameters like temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod, day length and sunshine hours during the crop growth period. Statistical models for yield prediction were developed for all the three varieties of chickpea by using Step down regression analysis. Significant linear relationship was noticed for all the three varieties of chickpea and found that rainfall during reproductive stage, maximum and minimum temperature during vegetative and reproductive stage and relative humidity at evening for both reproductive and maturity stages were found to have significantly linear relationship with the yield for all the three varieties of chickpea. The relationship between morphophysiological parameters and seed yield of chickpea varieties was assessed by working out the correlation co-efficients. The correlation co-efficient analysis indicated that the seed yield of chickpea varieties was significantly influenced by the harvest index, drymatter, seed index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and days to maturity except for plant height and haulm yield. The highest gross return of ₹ 69,191 ha-1 and net return of ₹ 40,892 ha-1 were recorded with the variety NBeG-119 (V3) sown on 2nd fortnight of October (D1). The highest return per rupee invested (₹ 1.45) was recorded with NBeG-119 (V3) variety sown on 2nd fortnight of October (D1) compared to other varieties.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF PEARL MILLET TO PLANT GEOMETRY AND CHANGING WEATHER
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) SWATHI, BASAVA; RADHA KRISHNA MURTHY, V
    A field experiment entitled Response of pearl millet to plant geometry and changing weather was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla in sandy loam soil during kharif 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of four spacings viz., (45 × 15 cm, 45 × 30 cm, 60 × 15 cm and 60 × 30 cm) as first factor and three dates of sowing (2nd fortnight of July, 1st fortnight of August and 2nd fortnight of August) as second factor. Plant height was significantly influenced by spacings and dates of sowing at all stages of crop growth. Pearl millet sown during 2nd fortnight of July (D1) recorded significantly higher plant height, tillers m-2, drymatter production, number of earheads m-2, number of earheads per plant, days to maturity and earhead length, girth and weight. Among the spacings, significantly the highest drymatter, tillers m-2 and yield attributes were observed with the 45 × 15 cm (S1) as compared to other spacings viz., 45 × 30 cm (S2), 60 × 15 cm (S3) and 60 × 30 cm (S4). Among the dates of sowing, 2nd fortnight of July (D1) took maximum number of days to attain 50% flowering and maturity and was found significantly superior to 1st fortnight of August (D2) and 2nd fortnight of August (D3). The highest grain yield of 2263 kg ha-1 was recorded with 2nd fortnight of July sowing (D1). Among the spacings, the highest grain yield of 2817 kg ha-1 was recorded with 45 × 15 cm (S1) and found significantly superior to 60 × 15 cm (S3) and 45 × 30 cm (S2). The highest straw yield was also recorded with 45 × 15 cm (S1) when sown on 2nd fortnight of July (D1), which was superior to 60 × 15 cm (S3) and 45 × 30 cm (S2) sown on same date. xix Days to attain each phenological stage for spacings differed in their duration. The maximum number of days to attain maturity were with 45 × 15 cm (S1) followed by 60 × 15 cm (S3) and 45 × 30 cm (S2). Higher values of weather health indices / Agro-climatic indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, TPR, HUE, HtUE, PtUE and PTI were recorded with 2nd fortnight of July sowing (D1) followed by 1st fortnight of August (D2). Among the spacings 45 × 15 cm (S1) recorded the optimum values of weather health indices. These weather health indices were found to be optimum to produce the highest yields. Significant linear relationship was observed for drymatter and grain yield with all the four spacings with weather health indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, TPR, HUE, HtUE, PtUE, and PTI. These regression equations could be applied to predict pearl millet growth and yield using daily information on temperature, photoperiod, day length and sunshine hours during the crop season. Step down regression analysis indicated significant relation for four spacings of pearl millet and found that maximum temperature during vegetative stage, maximum temperature during reproductive stage and relative humidity during evening at maturity phase were found to have significant relation with the yield for all the four spacings of pearl millet with coefficient of determination from 98 to 99 %. Correlation analysis indicated that there was significant relation among all the parameters except for earhead length, earhead girth, earhead weight, plant height and days to maturity. However, all the morpho - physiological parameters were strongly associated with significant correlation coefficients. Highest gross and net returns (₹. 58432 and ₹. 36524) were observed with 45 × 15 cm (S1) followed by 45 × 30 cm (S2). Highest returns per rupee investment (₹.1.67) were recorded with 45 × 15 cm (S1) sown on 2nd fortnight of July (D1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RHIZOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND CROP GEOMETRY IN GROUNDNUT
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) CHAKRABORTY, MANDAKRANTA; MARTIN LUTHER, M
    A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla on sandy upland soils during post-monsoon, 2018 to investigate the rhizosphere dynamics and crop geometry in groundnut. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen viz., N1- 0 kg ha-1, N2- 30 kg ha1, N3- 60 kg ha-1 and N4- 90 kg ha-1 with N3 and N4 given in three splits i.e., 1/3rd basal, 1/3rd @ 30 DAS and 1/3rd @ 60 DAS. Four levels of population densities viz., 30 x 10 cm (120 kg ha-1), 25 x 10 cm (140 kg ha-1), 20 x 10 cm (180 kg ha-1) and 15 x 10 cm (230 kg ha-1). Nitrogen levels and population densities significantly influenced growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and net returns of groundnut as well as available soil nutrient status after harvest of the crop. The results indicated that among the four levels of nitrogen, the growth characters viz., plant height, drymatter accumulation, nodule number and dry weight and root dry weight were higher with @ 90 kg N ha-1 followed by 60 kg N ha-1, which were on par and were significantly superior to other levels of nitrogen. Similarly, no. of pods per plant, pod yield and haulm yield were also higher with 90 kg N ha-1 closely followed by 60 kg N ha-1 which was significantly superior to 30 and 0 kg N ha-1. However, number of pops per plants decreased with increasing level of nitrogen. xvi Decreasing spacing from 30 x 10 cm to 15 x 10 cm significantly increased the growth characters viz., plant height, drymatter accumulation. Number of nodule per plant, nodule dry weight per plant and root dry weight per plant decreased with increase in population densities. Similarly pod yield, haulm yield and harvest index also increased with increase in population densities and were more with 15 x 10 cm spacing. However, number of pods per plant significantly decreased due to increase in population density. Nutrient content and uptake significantly increased with increase in nitrogen levels and higher uptakes of N, P, K, Zn and Fe were obtained with 90 kg N ha-1 which was significantly on par with 60 kg N ha-1. Nutrient content was higher with wider spacing of 30 x 10 cm, which was on par with 25 x 10 cm. However, uptake was significantly higher with narrower spacing of 15 x 10 cm over other levels. The microbial population was significantly influenced by levels of nitrogen fertilization and significantly superior population of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes was found with 90 kg N ha-1. Microbial responded significantly to population densities and significantly higher microbial count was obtained with 15x 10 cm spacing. The influence of ammonium sulphate on soil bulk pH did not differ with levels of nitrogen and population densities. However, significant acidification with increasing levels of nitrogen was observed where lowest pH was obtained with application of 90 kg N ha-1 which was on par with 60 kg N ha-1 in the rhizosphere zone. Population density influenced rhizosphere pH significantly and narrower spacing of 15 x 10 cm resulted in lower pH. Maximum gross returns were obtained with nitrogen application @ 90 kg ha-1and was on par with 60 kg N ha-1 and with population density of 15 x 10 cm. Net returns and returns per rupee investment followed similar trend as that of gross returns. With the increase in levels of nitrogen application, soil available N increased. Application of nitrogen @ 90 kg N ha-1 resulted in significantly higher available soil N, however, it was on par with 60 kg N ha-1. Interaction between nitrogen levels and population densities was however found to be non-significant for all parameters. It can be concluded from the present investigation that maximum pod yield and economic returns can be obtained by the application of @ 60 kg N ha-1 and with a spacing of 15 x 10 cm which can be advisable under rainfed conditions of Coastal Andhra Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF RICE TO SOURCES AND TIME OF PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) HEMASRAVANTHI, T; RADHA KRISHNA, Y
    A field experiment entitled “Response of rice to sources and time of phosphorus application.” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, on sandy clay loam soils during kharif, 2018-2019. The treatments consisted of four sources of phosphorus i.e., SSP (S1), DAP (S2), 20:20:0 (S3) and 28:28:0 (S4) and two times of application viz., 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal (T1), 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal + 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 at maximum tillering stage (T2). The design adopted was RBD with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Plant height of rice recorded at all the stages of observation was found to be non significant with respect to sources as well as time of application. The interaction effect between sources and time of application was found non significant at all the stages of study. At all the intervals of sampling, sources had no significant effect on total number of tillers as well as drymatter production. With regard to the time of application, it had a significant effect on total number of tillers m-2 at all the stages of crop growth. Similar trend was observed with drymatter production except at 30 DAT. Significantly higher total number of tillers m-2 as well as drymatter production was obtained with the application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal + 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 at maximum tillering stage (T2). The lowest total number of tillers m-2 and drymatter production was recorded with the application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal (T1). xv Larger yield structure, comprising of number of panicles m-2 were found non significant with the choice of sources but found significant with time of application. All other yield attributes like total number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grains panicle-1 and sterility per cent were significantly affected by sources as well as time of application except panicle length and 1000-grain weight which were not found significant with sources as well as time of application. Among the sources, DAP (S2) produced significantly superior yield attributes which was on par with 28:28:0 (S4) with regard to total number of grains panicle-1 and number of filled grains panicle-1, whereas SSP recorded the highest sterility per cent (S1). In all the parameters which were significantly affected by time of application, T2 (60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal + 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 at MT stage) was significantly superior to T1 (60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal). Maximum grain yield was obtained with DAP (S2) compared to rest of the sources. Between times of application, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal + 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 at maximum tillering stage (T2) recorded the highest grain and stover yields. Harvest index could not be altered significantly either due to sources or time of application. Maximum gross returns, net returns and returns per rupee investment were obtained with DAP (S2). In case of time of application, all these economic parameters were found to be highest with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal + 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 at maximum tillering stage (T2). With regard to phosphorus uptake by rice at 30 DAT it was found non significant with sources. However, at 60, 90 DAT and at maturity stages, significantly higher P uptake by grain and straw associated with DAP (S2). Maximum uptake of phosphorus at 30, 60, 90 DAT and maturity (Grain and Straw) was noticed with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal + 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 at maximum tillering stage (T2) and the lowest being observed with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal (T1). Post harvest soil nutrient status (N, P2O5 and K2O) did not alter significantly due to sources as well as time of application except in the case of phosphorus. Significantly higher amount of post harvest soil phosphorus status was observed with the application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal + 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 at maximum tillering stage (T2) while, it was minimum with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 as basal (T1). The present investigation could be concluded that as phosphorus is necessary in the early growth stages, top dressing of phosphorus at maximum tillering stage by using complex fertilizers especially DAP helps for higher productivity and profitability in rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE TO BROWN MANURING
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) PRIYADARSINI, SANSKRUTI; NARAYANA, EDARA
    An experiment was carried out during kharif, 2018 at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, to study the “Response of direct seeded rice to brown manuring”. The soil of experimental site was sandy clay loam in texture, neutral in reaction, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and medium in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with factorial concept replicated thrice. First factor consisted of two sources of brown manuring i.e., Sesbania aculeata, Crotalaria juncea and Control i.e., no brown manuring. Second factor included four levels of nitrogen i.e., 0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1. The growth parameters of rice such as plant height, no. of tillers m-2 and drymatter accumulation were significantly influenced by brown manuring and levels of nitrogen at all the stages of observation. Plant height and drymatter production increased linearly with advancement of crop growth. Tiller number increased linearly from 30 to 90 DAS under brown manuring and nitrogen levels as well. Plant height, number of tillers, drymatter production and leaf area index were the highest with Sesbania aculeata brown manuring compared to other treatments. Among the different levels of nitrogen tried, taller plants, more number of tillers, greater drymatter production and higher leaf area index were obtained with application of 120 kg N ha-1 followed by 80 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg N ha-1 at all stages of crop growth. The crop with Sesbania aculeata as brown manuring took more number of days to flowering and maturity than the crop without brown manuring. The number of days to 50% flowering and days to maturity increased gradually with increasing levels of nitrogen. At all the stages of growth, CGR was significantly higher with Sesbania aculeata as brown manuring when compared to control plots without brown manuring and found to be on a par with Crotalaria juncea brown manured plot. Among the levels of nitrogen tried, higher CGR was recorded with application of 120 kg N ha-1 at all stages. xiv Yield components were also significantly influenced by brown manuring and levels of nitrogen. Among the different sources of brown manuring tested, yield attributes like number of productive tillers m-2, total number of grains panicle-1 and number of filled grains panicle-1 were higher in plots treated with Sesbania aculeata as brown manuring. All the yield attributes were higher in crop supplied with 120 kg N ha-1 followed by 80 kg ha-1 and least in the control plots. The test weight was only influenced by nitrogen levels. Brown manuring and nitrogen levels significantly influenced the grain yield, straw yield but not the harvest index. Plots treated with Sesbania aculeata as brown manuring recorded higher grain yield and straw yield. It was found to be on a par with the plots receiving Crotalaria juncea as brown manuring. Among the different levels of nitrogen tried, application of nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 recorded higher grain yield and straw yield as well. The harvest index was not influenced by both the brown manuring and nitrogen levels. Gross returns, net returns and return per rupee invested were higher in the plots with Sesbania aculeata as brown manuring. It was found to be on par with Crotalaria juncea treated plots. Higher gross returns, net returns were recorded in the plots treated with 120 kg N ha-1. However, the returns per rupee invested was higher with 120 kg ha1 but found to be on a par with the plots supplied with 80 kg N ha-1. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that brown manuring with Sesbania or Crotalaria performed better in giving the maximum yield, net returns and returns per rupee investment. Application of nitrogen @120 kg ha-1 was found to be better, resulting in higher productivity and better economic returns under direct seeding condition