EFFECT OF MANURES IN COMBINATION WITH BIOFERTILIZER CONSORTIUM ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF RICE FALLOW SORGHUM
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Date
2019
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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Effect of manures in combination with biofertilizer consortium on yield and quality of rice fallow sorghum” was conducted on clay loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during rabi, 2018-19. The treatments consisted of T1: Control, T2: 100% Recommended dose of fertilizers, T3: 50% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T4: 75% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T5: 100% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T6: 125% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium, T7: Biofertilizer consortium. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and replicated thrice with seven treatments.
The results indicated that increased levels of fertilizer doses along with biofertilizer consortium significantly increased the plant height, drymatter production at all growth stages of sorghum under rice fallows. The plant height increased with advancement in the age of the crop. Application of 125% RDF +Biofertilizer consortium (T6) recorded the highest plant height (216.1 cm) and drymatter production (12453 kg ha-1) consistently at 30, 60, 90 and harvest stages.
Days to 50% flowering and maturity were non-significantly recorded with increasing levels of inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizer consortium. Control (T1) recorded maximum number of days to 50% flowering (65) whereas minimum number of days (62) to 50% flowering was recorded with (T6) treatment (125% RDF + Biofertilizer consortium). The control (T1) treatment took less number of days (99) to reach maturity and (T6) treatment took maximum days (102) followed by T5 (100% RDF + Biofertilizer consortium).
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All the yield attributes viz., number of earheads m-2, length of ear head (cm), number of filled grains per earhead and test weight (g/1000 grains) were significantly influenced by combined application of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers. Highest number of earheads m-2 (14.5) and maximum length of earhead (33.2 cm) were recorded with T6 treatment (125% RDF + Biofertilizer consortium) which was on par with T5 treatment. The highest test weight value (26.3 g) was observed with T6 followed by T5 (25.8 g). However, lower test weight (24.6) of sorghum was noticed with the control (T1).
Grain and straw yields of sorghum differed significantly with varying levels of Inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizer consortium. The maximum grain yield (4135 kg ha-1) and stover yield (7524 kg ha-1) were recorded with the T6 treatment (125% RDF +Biofertilizer consortium ) but it remained on par with 100% RDF + Biofertilizer consortium (T5) treatment (3918 kg ha-1) and 100% RDF (T2) treatment (3854 kg ha-1). The lowest grain yield (2880 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5529 kg ha-1) were recorded in control. Percent increase in the grain yield due to the treatments T6, T5 and T2 were 43.5, 36, 33.8 observed respectively over control. The magnitude of increase in stover yield with T6, T5 and T2 were 36.0, 30.3 and 28.9 percent respectively increase over control (T1).
The highest value of harvest index (35.5%) was recorded with T6 during the study which was followed by T5 (35.3%) while treatment T1 (control) recorded the lowest harvest index of (34.2%).
The results of bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes populations were significantly influenced with application of inorganic and biofertilizer consortium. An increase in bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes population was observed at harvest compared to initial population of the experimental soil. The maximum bacterial population (88.3) was observed with (T6) treatment followed by (T5) treatment (79.7X106 CFU g-1 soil). Fungal population of (8.2) at harvest was noticed in the treatment (T6) while, the minimum population of (3.5X104CFU g-1 soil) recorded with control. Increase in the population of actinomycetes at harvest in (T6) treatment (57.3) and the lowest population (28.9X104 CFU g-1 soil) was recorded with control (T1) treatment.
Maximum protein content (9.1%) in grain was recorded by T6 treatment (125% RDF+ Biofertilizers consortium) which was followed by 100% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium i.e T5 (8.7%) treatment.
Nutrient content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were increased with the combined application of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer consortium. The treatment (T6) 125% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium recorded the highest nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and uptake by the grain and straw which was on par with T5 treatment.
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Post harvest available soil N,P and K status in the soil with treatment (T6) have shown highest available nutrients 242.8, 90.0, 446.2 kg N, P and K ha-1. The highest gross returns (Rs.1000927 ha-1), net returns (Rs.67371 ha-1) and returns per rupee were obtained with application of 125% RDF+ Biofertilizers consortium (T6) treatment. Further, control treatment (T1) recorded lowest gross returns (Rs. 70452 ha-1) and net returns (Rs. 42702 ha-1). Higher returns per rupee investment (2.01) were obtained with the application of (T6) and followed by T5 (1.95) and T2 treatments (1.93).
From overall results manifested that, addition of inorganics in combination with biofertilizer consortium proved to be more efficient in improving the microbial population and soil health. Application of 125% RDF+ Biofertilizer consortium in sorghum under rice fallows recorded higher growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yields higher returns per rupee investment of sorghum.
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D5937
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