CROP WEATHER RELATIONSHIP IN CHICKPEA UNDER COASTAL AGRO-ECOSYSTEM
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Date
2019
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ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla in clay soils during rabi 2018-19 to investigate the crop weather relationship in chickpea under coastal agro-ecosystem. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and replicated thrice.The treatments consisted of three varieties of chickpea viz., NBeG-47 (V1), NBeG-49 (V2) and NBeG-119 (V3) as first factor and five dates of sowing viz., 2nd fortnight of October (D1), 1st fortnight of November (D2), 2nd fortnight of November (D3), 1st fortnight of December (D4) and 2nd fortnight of December (D5) as second factor.
The results indicated that the growth parameters viz., plant height, drymatter production, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, yield attributes and yield were significantly influenced by varieties and dates of sowing but the interaction was found to be non-significant between varieties and dates of sowing. Chickpea crop sown during 2nd fortnight of October (D1) recorded significantly taller plants, accumulated maximum drymatter and maximum number of days to attain 50% flowering, days to maturity, higher number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed index and yield. Among the varieties, significantly taller plants were recorded with NBeG-47 (V1). The maximum accumulated drymatter and yield attributes were observed with the NBeG-119 (V3) as compared to other varieties viz., NBeG-47 (V1) and NBeG-49 (V2). Among the varieties, NBeG-119(V3) took maximum number of days to attain 50% flowering and maturity and found significantly superior to NBeG-47 (V1) and NBeG-49 (V2).
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The highest seed yield of 1869 kg ha-1 was recorded with 2nd fortnight of October sowing (D1). Among the varieties, the highest seed yield of 1418 kg ha-1 was recorded with NBeG-119 (V3) and was found significantly superior to NBeG-47 (V1) and NBeG-49 (V2). Numerically, the highest haulm yield (2157 kg ha-1) was recorded with the variety NBeG-119 (V3) when sown on 2nd fortnight of October, which was superior to NBeG-47 (V1) and NBeG-49 (V2) sown at same sowing window.
Days to attain different phenological stages differed for varieties within different dates of sowing. The maximum numbers of days to attain maturity were recorded with NBeG-119 (V3) variety followed by NBeG-49 (V2) and NBeG-47 (V1).
Higher values of all agroclimatic/weather health indices/climatic normals viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, PTI, TPR, HUE, HtUE and PtUE were recorded with 2nd fortnight of October sowing (D1) irrespective of the varieties. Among the varieties NBeG-119 (V3) recorded the optimum values of all climatic normals/agroclimatic/weather health indices. These weather health indices were found to be optimum for all the varieties to produce maximum potential yields.
Regression equations indicated significant linear relationship for both total drymatter and seed yield of all the three varieties with climatic normals/weather health indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, PTI, TPR, HUE, HtUE and PtUE. By using these regression equations, growth and yield of chickpea could be predicted with the help of daily weather information collected on weather parameters like temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod, day length and sunshine hours during the crop growth period.
Statistical models for yield prediction were developed for all the three varieties of chickpea by using Step down regression analysis. Significant linear relationship was noticed for all the three varieties of chickpea and found that rainfall during reproductive stage, maximum and minimum temperature during vegetative and reproductive stage and relative humidity at evening for both reproductive and maturity stages were found to have significantly linear relationship with the yield for all the three varieties of chickpea.
The relationship between morphophysiological parameters and seed yield of chickpea varieties was assessed by working out the correlation co-efficients. The correlation co-efficient analysis indicated that the seed yield of chickpea varieties was significantly influenced by the harvest index, drymatter, seed index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and days to maturity except for plant height and haulm yield. The highest gross return of ₹ 69,191 ha-1 and net return of ₹ 40,892 ha-1 were recorded with the variety NBeG-119 (V3) sown on 2nd fortnight of October (D1). The highest return per rupee invested (₹ 1.45) was recorded with NBeG-119 (V3) variety sown on 2nd fortnight of October (D1) compared to other varieties.
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D5906
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