RESPONSE OF HYBRID PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan L.) TO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
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Date
2019
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ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Response of hybrid pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) to nitrogen and phosphorus” was conducted on clay soils at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam farm during kharif, 2018-19 under rainfed conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. The treatment combinations comprised of four nitrogen levels (N1 : 20 kg ha-1, N2 : 40 kg ha-1, N3 : 60 kg ha-1 & N4 : 80 kg ha-1) and three phosphorus (P2O5) levels (P1 : 50 kg ha-1, P2 : 75 kg ha-1 and P3 : 100 kg ha-1).
The results of the investigation revealed that, the plant growth parameters (plant height, drymatter accumulation and number of branches plant-1) were significantly influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus but not their interaction. Plant height (40.5 cm, 135.3 cm and 232.4 cm), drymatter accumulation (81 kg ha-1, 3816 kg ha-1 and 7347 kg ha-1) and number of primary and secondary branches plant-1 (14.2 and 39.0) were registered higher with higher level of nitrogen (80 kg ha-1) at all the growth stages (45 DAS, 90 DAS and at harvest, respectively. Similarly, higher values of plant height (39.7 cm, 134.3 cm and 230.6 cm), drymatter accumulation (78 kg ha-1, 3642 kg ha-1 and 7213 kg ha-1) and branches plant-1 (13.6, 37.1) were recorded with higher dose of phosphorus (100 kg ha-1) at 45 DAS, 90 DAS and harvest, respectively. Higher nodule count in hybrid pigeonpea was observed with higher levels of nitrogen (7.2 and 21.6) and phosphorus (7.0 and 20.8) at 45 DAS and 90 DAS, respectively
Maximum number of pods plant-1 was recorded with 80 kg N ha-1 (711) which was on par with 60 kg N ha-1 (682). Among the phosphorus levels, highest number of pods plant-1 (678) were registered with phosphorus level of 100 kg ha-1
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which was statistically on par with 75 kg ha-1 (629). Pod length and seeds pod-1 could not reach the level of significance. It was observed that the nitrogen and phosphorus levels could not show any influence on 100 seed weight significantly.
The maximum seed yield (1911 kg ha-1) was registered with 80 kg N ha-1 and it was statistically on par with 60 kg N ha-1 (1900 kg ha-1) and the lowest yield was obtained with lowest level of 20 kg N ha-1. Similarly, with highest level of phosphorus (100 kg ha-1) maximum seed yield of 1880 kg ha-1 was noticed when compared with 75 kg ha-1 (1833 kg ha-1). Similarly, stalk yield was registered maximum with 80 kg N ha-1 (6245 kg ha-1) and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 (6130 kg ha-1). These were significantly superior over their lower levels of nitrogen 40 kg ha-1 and 20 kg ha-1 and phosphorus (50 kg P2O5 ha-1) and was statistically on par with their preceeding levels of 60 kg N ha-1 (6177 kg ha-1) & 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 (6000 kg ha-1).
The Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium uptake at all the growth stages were significantly influenced by the nitrogen and phosphorus levels but their interaction failed to show significant influence. The N, P and K uptake at 45 DAS (0.41 kg ha-1, 0.14 kg ha-1 and 0.60 kg ha-1), 90 DAS (35.2 kg ha-1, 6.2 kg ha-1 and 30 kg ha-1) and at harvest in seed (71.4 kg ha-1, 9.2 kg ha-1 and 11.2 kg ha-1) and stalk (89.5 kg ha-1, 17.5 kg ha-1 and 90.5 kg ha-1), respectively were recorded maximum with the highest level of nitrogen (80 kg ha-1) and this was on par with 60 kg N ha-1. The maximum N, P, K uptake of 0.39 kg ha-1, 0.12 kg ha-1 and 0.54 kg ha-1 at 45 DAS; 33.3 kg ha-1, 5.6 kg ha-1 and 26.6 kg ha-1 at 90 DAS; 67.8 kg ha-1, 8.7 kg ha-1 and 10.8 kg ha-1 in seed and 82.1 kg ha-1, 16 kg ha-1 and 87.9 kg ha-1 in stalk, respectively were noticed with highest level of phosphorus (100 kg ha-1) and significant difference was not observed between this level and its preceeding level of 75 kg P2O5 ha-1.
The gross returns, net returns and returns per rupee investment were obtained highest with higher level of nitrogen @ 80 kg ha-1 (Rs. 98, 433 ha-1, Rs. 60, 843 ha-1 and 1.62) which was on par with 60 kg N ha-1 (Rs. 97,856 ha-1, Rs. 60, 522 ha-1 and 1.62). Among the phosphorus levels, highest gross returns and net returns were recorded with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 (Rs. 96,808 ha-1, Rs. 58,196 ha-1) and these were on par with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1. Whereas, returns per rupee investment was recorded highest with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 (1.54).
From the present investigation, it can be concluded that the maximum yield and economic returns can be obtained with application of 60 kg N ha-1 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 under rainfed conditions in hybrid pigeonpea in Krishna zone of Andhra Pradesh.
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D5915
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