Loading...
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
Browse
49 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ANTHRACNOSE OF SORGHUM CAUSED BY CoUetotrichum graminicola (Ces.) Wilson(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) NARENDRA KUMAR P.G.; Y. D. NARAYANAAnthracnose [Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) Wilson.) of sorghum is one of the most important foliar fungal disease. The roving survey was carried out during kharif 2005 in Dharwad, Gadag, Belgaum and Haveri districts of Kamataka. Anthracnose of sorghum was more prevalent in Dharwad (46.00%) followed by Belgaum (42.26%). Dharwad taluk (54.00%) is considered as a "hot spot' for anthracnose disease. Cultural studies revealed that among solid media tested, synthetic media like Tochinal's agar and Sabouraud's agar and nonsynthetic media like oat meal agar and sorghum seed extract agar were found good for growth and sporulation of C. graminicola. Physiological studies revealed that optimum temperature of 30°C was favourable for the growth (73.62 mm) of C. graminicola. A^^o-virniim Hrrr rnt7r''a1i'ol ^*7AirrV>f titoo T f/t i a tc Alternate cycles of 12 h light and 12 h darkness favoured the growth (70.28 mm) and sporulation of C. graminicola. Among the relative humidity levels tested, ICQ percent relative humidity was best for spore germination (91.50%) of C. graminicola. Sorghum growth stages tested for susceptibility to anthracnose development. Plants were highly susceptible at eight leaf stage (80.00%) as compared to four and two leaf stages. In-uitro evaluation of fungicides indicated that systemic fungicides, carboxin at concentration of 0.05%. Carbendazim and propineb at concentration of 0.1 percent and non systemic fungicides, captan and iprodione at concentration of 0.1% were found effective in inhibiting the growth of C. graminicola Among the screening techniques tested to identify resistance sources of sorghum genotypes to anthracnose disease, conidial spray inoculation (70.17%) was more effective than whorl inoculation with infected grains (46.85%) and detached leaf technique (53.85%). Of the 142 genotypes evaluated under natural conditions, 41 genotypes were highly resistant, 36 were resistant, 20 were moderately resistant, 25 were susceptible, and 20 were highly susceptible to anthracnose disease.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON JATROPHA MOSAIC VIRUS DISEASE(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) JAYANNA K.; A. S. BYADGlJatropha {Jatropha curcas L.) is one of the important biodiesel crops grown throughout the country. The Jatropha species suffer from several diseases, among them Jatropha mosaic virus (JMV) disease is one of the limiting factor in Jatropha cultivation. The survey was conducted to know the distribution of JMV in different parts of Kamataka during 2005, the results revealed that there was 2.30 per cent to 31.40 per cent disease incidence on commonly grown J. curcas and 6.00 per cent to 45.00 per cent on J. gossypiifolia The infected plants were characterized by production of mosaic, yellow mosaic, distorted leaves with reduction in leaf size, thickening of veins, puckering and crinkling of leaves. Miniature leafy enations on the axial side of leaves and severe stunted growth of the plants were also recorded. The virus causing Jatroha mosaic disease was neither mechanically transmissible nor through seeds, but it was transmitted through dodder, whitefly [Bemisia tabaci} and by grafting. The virus had limited host range and produced mosaic, yellow mosaic and distorted leaves on J. curcas and mosaic and leaf curling on J. gossypiifolia and the virus produced yellow mosaic and leaf curling sjnnptoms on Phaseolus vulgaris. The biochemical analysis of diseased leaves indicated decrease in sugar with increased phenol content. The virus had severe effect on the growth parameters which was evident from the drastic reduction in plant height, inter-nodal length and petiole length in case of early infection. The yield parameters like number of fruits per plant, size of the fruit and number of seeds per capsule, seed weight and number of pollens were also affected by JMV. accounting for 78.03 per cent reduction in yield. The virus was found to affect the oil content (41.78 % reduction) drastically over healthy plants. Among the different insecticides, monocrotophos (1.5 ml/1) and confidor (0.25 ml/1) were reduced vector population and also disease incidence.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF TURCICUM LEAF BLIGHT OF MAIZE CAUSED BY Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) SHARANAPPA I. HARLAPUR; M.S. KULKARNITurcicum leaf blight disease of maize caused by Exserohilum turcicum symptoms were recognised by long spindle shaped necrotic lesions with grey colour centre, immature and chaffy ears. The disease appeared in severe form in most of the maize growing areas of Kamataka. Crop loss estimation studies revealed that, avoidable grain and stover yield losses in susceptible genotype were to the extent of 52 and 40 per cent, respectively. Linear regression crop loss models were developed. Arabhavi isolate recorded high virulence. Sixty-five days old plants found vulnerability to infection. An incubation period of 28 hours was found ideal for more than 90 per cent spore germination. Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. was identified as a potential alternative host to E. turcicum and plays an important role in the epidemiology of TLB in Karnataka. Significantly maximum disease severity was noticed in crop sown on 16^ September. Crop sown between Februaiy and April found least affected. The weather factors, viz., minimum temperature (11.3-21.4®C), maximum temperature (26.3-29.4°C), relative humidity (58.7-84.5%) and rainfall (47.104 mm) were highly favourable for disease epidemic. The locations, viz., Arabhavi, Dharwad, Devihosur, Sankeshwar and Nagenahalli were identified as "hot spots' in Kamataka. Significant and positive correlation existed between rainfall and relative humidity with spore load. The genotypes, viz., Allrounder, IB-8501, Cargill 900M, Hi-Shell, NAC-6004, C-111, KH-517, Kaveri 235 and NK-6240 were identified as slow blighters. The disease was responsible for photosynthesis loss to the extent of 89.40 per cent in susceptible genotype. Fourteen inbrei lines were identified as highly resistant sources. The QPM genotypes HQFM-4 and HQPM-5 found highly resistant. Integration of 'olerant hybrid DMH-2 and seed treatment with carboxin power (2 g/kg) or combined seed treatment with Azospirillum sp. (25 g/kg) and T^choderma harzianum (6 g/kg) followed by three sprays with mancoze? (0.25%) was found to be the most effective IDM package for the management of TLB of maize.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEED-BORNE FUNGAL DISEASES OF SUNFLOWER AND THEIR MANAGEMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ALTERNARIA BLIGHT(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) LAXMINARAYANA RAO M. S.; SRIKANT KULKARNISeed health testing of sunflower seed samples collected from different parts of Karnataka revealed the dominance of Altemaria helianthi and Rhizoctonia bataticola. Among the different seed health testing methods, modified P.O.A method was found to be good for detecting the seed-borne infection of A.helianthi, A.altemata and R.bataticola. Infected sunflower seeds exhibited poor germination and vigour. The pathogenic ability of seed-borne A.helianthi and R.bataticola was proved in seedling symptom test and transmission study. Altemaria helianthi, A.altemata and R.bataticola were confined to only pericarp and endosperm, but not embryo. In epidemiological studies, significant difference in blight incidence was noticed between three different seed inoculum levels at different dates of sowing and maximum incidence was observed in July second fortnight sown crop at 30 and 60 DAS at a seed inoculum level of 8000 conidia per ml. Seed dressing fungicide viz., Carbendazim + Iprodione, bioagent- Pseudomonas fluorescens and botanical Azadirachta indica were found most effective in eliminating seed-borne infections of Altemaria, Rhizoctonia and other fungal contaminations. In the integrated seed treatment options, though the seed treatment with Carbendazim + Iprodione at 0.3 per cent in Poly Ethylene Glycol along with foliar spray of hexaconazole recorded least per cent disease index, seed treatment with Carbendazim + Iprodione at 0.3 per cent in water along with foliar spray of hexaconazole was found most effective in managing Altemaria blight with maximum benefit cost ratio. In storage, seeds treated with Carbendazim + Iprodione at 0.3 per cent and stored in 700 gauge poly ethylene bags maintained satisfactory germination and seedling vigour up to ten months of storage.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SERODIAGNOSIS, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF SUNFLOWER NECROSIS VIRAL DISEASE IN NORTHERN ICARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) ANAND V. HALAKERI; A. S. BYADGlSunflower necrosis is a major virus disease of sunflower cau^sed by Tobacco Streak Virus. It was first reported from Kolar district of Kamataka State during 1997. The roving survey for disease incidence in Northern Kamataka was undertaken cmd disease map was developed, which revealed the presence of disease in all the three seasons. The disease was severe in Bijapur, Raichur and Koppal districts showing 15-20 per cent incidence. Infected plants showed mosaic, marginal necrosis and malformation of leaves, calyx and earhead, early infected plants showed partial seed filling. TSV -S had wide host range and its Thermal Inactivation Point was 45°C, Dilution End Point 10-4 and Longevity in vitro of 8 h. The epidemiologieal studies indicated positive correlation of disease with thrips population and also with maximum temperature. The vims was purified by extraction in Phosphate buffer, PEG precipitation, density gradient centrifugation and ultra centrifugation. Electron microscopic observations revealed isometric shaped particles in decoration method. Immunizing rabbit with purified TSV -3 produced the antisemm. SDS-P AGE revealed 30 Kda Protein band when stained with coomassie brillant blue. Direct Antigen Coating Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay indicated presence of vims particles in samples of sunflower, cowpea, peas, green gram, tomato, soybean, black gram and red gram but not in seeds of diseased plant. In Immunodiffusion test precipitation line appeared around wells containing diseased samples. RT-PCR yielded 800 bp length coat protein gene. The disease had a drastic effect on yield parameters of sunflower. Germplasm lines GMU-209, GMU-244, GMU-249, and GMU-259 exhibited some degree of tolerance properties with less than 10 per cent disease incidence. Crop could be protected from heavy loss due to vims infection by Imidacloprid seed treatment (@ 5 g/kg) + spray (@ 0.25 ml) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing and sorghum as border crop.ThesisItem Open Access INVESTIBATIONS ON THE ETIOLOGY, EPIOEMiOLOGY AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF RHIZOME ROT COMPLEX OF GINGER AHO TURMERIC(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) SHALINI D. SAGAR; SRIKANT KULKARNIThe major constraint for cultivation of ginger and turmeric is the rhizome rot disease. The rhizome rot incidence of ginger was noticed in all the locations surveyed with the range from 5.50 to 45.60 per cent. The major diseases diagnosed were iHz., soft rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp, wet rot caused by Fusarium solani (Martius) Saccardo, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi, Sclerotium rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo and root knot caused by Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood. The individual pathogen can cause rhizome rot or combination of pathogens also can cause rhizome rot. Pythium aphanidermatum was isolated from all the locations collected and found to be most predominant pathogen. Ralstonia solanacearum was detected only from the southern districts of Karnataka i.e., Kodagu, Chikmagalur, Hassan, Mysore, and Sagar. The incidence of rhizome rot of turmeric was meager as compared to ginger. The inoculum level studies revealed that, increase in per cent inoculum level increased the per cent disease incidence. In sequential inoculation studies, in case of both the crops i.e., ginger and turmeric, when first inoculated with Meloidogyne arenaria followed by other pathogens showed maximum disease incidence as compared to individual inoculations. The results of isozyme analysis of three i.e., peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase studied for variability indicated that, there was slight amount of variation. RAPD data distinguished the twelve isolates into two major clusters A and B. The results revealed that, geographical locations of isolates were closely related. Maran and Vardha ginger varieties were considered as moderately resistant. CO-1 variety was considered as moderately resistant. Sowing in March significantly showed less disease incidence at both the locations of Sirsi and Bidar, which recorded 8.25 and 9.00 per cent respectively. The field experiment conducted at farmer field revealed that, there was significant increase in the per cent germination of rhizomes in solarized plot when compared to non solarized plot. Among the different treatments, rhizomes treated with Metalaxyl MZ @ 0.3 per cent+Soil application of T. harzianum @ 10 kg along with 25 t FYM/ha+Soil application of Eupatorium @ 10 t/ha recorded the highest per cent germination, lesser disease incidence, higher yield of 11720.20 kg/ha and more benefit cost ratio.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF TOMATO LEAF CURL VIRUS (ToLCV) IN NORTHERN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) ANJANEYA REDDY, B,; M. S. PATILTomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) disease is one of the most important viral diseases of tomato and causes substantial losses every year. Survey results revealed that ToLCV was present in all the fields visited in Belgaum, Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts. The disease incidence ranged from 4-00 per cent during rabi 2005 and 60-100 per cent in summer 2006. A few natural weed hosts inz., Parthenium hysterophorus (Parthenium), Euphorbia geniculata (Bhedi soppu), Ageratum conyzoides (Oorala gida), Acanthospermum hispidum (Kadale mullu), Blainvillea rhomboidea (Ervapalha) Cass. and Lachnera pusilla L. showed positive for ToLCV infection in the PCR detection. The results of the cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the coat protein gene revealed that isolates from Belgaum, Dharwad and Haveri showed 95.10 to 99.60 per cent homology indicating they are closely related to each other. However, these isolates showed wide variation of upto 46.50 per cent divergence with some of the isolates of North Western Indian ToLCV 17 Nasik (AJ 10356) and North Indian ToLCV 19.Patna (AJ 810358). The survey, bioassay and RAPD-PCR analysis of whitefly vector revealed the prevalence of Bemisia tabaci-B-biotype in addition to the indigenous type in Dharwad region. Tomato planted during August and November showed slow progress of the disease and less incidence as there was high humidity and high rainfall, which suppress the vector activities whereas, maximum incidence was recorded in February and May planted crop. In the management of disease the sequential application of Imidachloprid (0.005%) - Triazophos (0.15%)-Thiamethaxam (0.05%)- Econeem (0.5%) found effective with low disease incidence and better yield. The Clerodendron inermis and Glyricidia leaf extract application also found effective. In the field screening cultivars such as Nandi, Vybhav, Sankranti, and hybrids Utsav, HY 558, HY 530, NS-719 and NS-563 showed resistance reaction and the commonly cultivated Megha showed susceptible reaction.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POTATO WILT CAUSED BY Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-03) BASWARAJ, R.; KESHAV, S. NAIKPotato ^Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important commercial vegetable crops cultivated in northern Kamataka. Wilt of potato caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is exerting the major threat in potato cultivation in Karnataka. A rovmg survey was conducted in potential potato growing areas of Zone 8 (Dharwad and Belgaum districts). Maximum wilt incidence (30.00%), and maximum tuber rot (43.00%) were recorded in Uigon village of Belgaum. The fungus was isolated from the rhizosphere pf wilted plant and .denhfied based on whhe dense radiating mycelium in culture and infected plants. Potato plants were raised in an inoculated pot and pure culture of S. rolfsii was obtained from wilted plants showing typical wiltmg symptoms and pathogenicity was proved successfully at the same time symptomatology was studied.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF I.IOAGENTS AND THEIR METABOLITES ON SderoUum rolfsU Sacc.OF GROUNDNUT(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-03) SIDDANAGOUDA, R. RADDER; S. S. ADIVERGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the important oil seed crop of India. Stem rot caused by Sc/erotium rolfsii is a major disease constraint in groundnut production. The fungus was isolated from infected plants showing typical stem rot symptoms and bioagents Trichoderma spp. {T. harzianum, T. vinde, T. virens and T. koningii) were isolated from soil and formulated cultures by serial dilution technique. Among the six culture media tested, potato dextrose agar supported maximum growth of the Trichoderma spp. and produced maximum quantity of metabolites followed by Trichoderma specific media and Richards's agar media. T. harzianum (Dwd) isolate recorded highest biomass followed by T. harzianum (Dwd F) isolate. T. harzianum (Dwd) isolate inhibited the maximum mycelial growth of S roifsii in dual plate technique. Culture filtrates of Trichoderma spp were found effective when they were fractionated at high speed (13,000 rpm for 5 min) centrifugation than at low speed (5,000 for 15 min). Both top and bottom fractions of culture filtrates of bioagents at high speed centrifugation were on par with each other in inhibition of 5 roifsii. The inhibitiory activity effect decreased with dilution irrespective of centrifugal speed. The inhibitory activity of the culture filtrates remained unaffected even after sterilization. Thus, it indicated that the inhibitory substances to S rolfsii of bioagents are thermo stable.