STUDIES ON ANTHRACNOSE OF SORGHUM CAUSED BY CoUetotrichum graminicola (Ces.) Wilson
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Date
2007-08-31
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University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore
Abstract
Anthracnose [Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) Wilson.) of
sorghum is one of the most important foliar fungal disease. The roving
survey was carried out during kharif 2005 in Dharwad, Gadag,
Belgaum and Haveri districts of Kamataka. Anthracnose of sorghum
was more prevalent in Dharwad (46.00%) followed by Belgaum
(42.26%). Dharwad taluk (54.00%) is considered as a "hot spot' for
anthracnose disease.
Cultural studies revealed that among solid media tested,
synthetic media like Tochinal's agar and Sabouraud's agar and nonsynthetic
media like oat meal agar and sorghum seed extract agar
were found good for growth and sporulation of C. graminicola.
Physiological studies revealed that optimum temperature of
30°C was favourable for the growth (73.62 mm) of C. graminicola.
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Alternate cycles of 12 h light and 12 h darkness favoured the growth
(70.28 mm) and sporulation of C. graminicola. Among the relative
humidity levels tested, ICQ percent relative humidity was best for
spore germination (91.50%) of C. graminicola.
Sorghum growth stages tested for susceptibility to anthracnose
development. Plants were highly susceptible at eight leaf stage
(80.00%) as compared to four and two leaf stages.
In-uitro evaluation of fungicides indicated that systemic
fungicides, carboxin at concentration of 0.05%. Carbendazim and
propineb at concentration of 0.1 percent and non systemic fungicides,
captan and iprodione at concentration of 0.1% were found effective in
inhibiting the growth of C. graminicola
Among the screening techniques tested to identify resistance
sources of sorghum genotypes to anthracnose disease, conidial spray
inoculation (70.17%) was more effective than whorl inoculation with
infected grains (46.85%) and detached leaf technique (53.85%).
Of the 142 genotypes evaluated under natural conditions, 41
genotypes were highly resistant, 36 were resistant, 20 were
moderately resistant, 25 were susceptible, and 20 were highly
susceptible to anthracnose disease.
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