INVESTIBATIONS ON THE ETIOLOGY, EPIOEMiOLOGY AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF RHIZOME ROT COMPLEX OF GINGER AHO TURMERIC
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Date
2007-08-31
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University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore
Abstract
The major constraint for cultivation of ginger and turmeric is
the rhizome rot disease. The rhizome rot incidence of ginger was
noticed in all the locations surveyed with the range from 5.50 to 45.60
per cent. The major diseases diagnosed were iHz., soft rot caused by
Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp, wet rot caused by Fusarium
solani (Martius) Saccardo, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia
solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi, Sclerotium rot caused by Sclerotium
rolfsii Saccardo and root knot caused by Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal)
Chitwood. The individual pathogen can cause rhizome rot or
combination of pathogens also can cause rhizome rot.
Pythium aphanidermatum was isolated from all the locations
collected and found to be most predominant pathogen. Ralstonia
solanacearum was detected only from the southern districts of
Karnataka i.e., Kodagu, Chikmagalur, Hassan, Mysore, and Sagar.
The incidence of rhizome rot of turmeric was meager as compared to
ginger.
The inoculum level studies revealed that, increase in per cent
inoculum level increased the per cent disease incidence. In sequential
inoculation studies, in case of both the crops i.e., ginger and turmeric,
when first inoculated with Meloidogyne arenaria followed by other
pathogens showed maximum disease incidence as compared to
individual inoculations.
The results of isozyme analysis of three i.e., peroxidase,
polyphenol oxidase and catalase studied for variability indicated that,
there was slight amount of variation. RAPD data distinguished the
twelve isolates into two major clusters A and B. The results revealed
that, geographical locations of isolates were closely related.
Maran and Vardha ginger varieties were considered as
moderately resistant. CO-1 variety was considered as moderately
resistant. Sowing in March significantly showed less disease incidence
at both the locations of Sirsi and Bidar, which recorded 8.25 and 9.00
per cent respectively.
The field experiment conducted at farmer field revealed that,
there was significant increase in the per cent germination of rhizomes
in solarized plot when compared to non solarized plot. Among the
different treatments, rhizomes treated with Metalaxyl MZ @ 0.3 per
cent+Soil application of T. harzianum @ 10 kg along with 25 t
FYM/ha+Soil application of Eupatorium @ 10 t/ha recorded the
highest per cent germination, lesser disease incidence, higher yield of
11720.20 kg/ha and more benefit cost ratio.
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