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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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2006 - 2009122010 - 201611
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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology × Start date: 2006 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 23
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF MELOXICAM FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS, INTRAMASCULAR AND ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN DOGS
    (AAU, Anand, 2006) PARSOTTAMDAS, GOHEL DARPESHKUMAR; SARVAIYA, J. G.
    Meloxicam is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of oxicam family. It is having more selectivity towards cyclooxygenase-2 rather than cyclooxygenase-1. In the present study, pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of meloxicam was determined in mongrel dogs following single dose intravenous, intramuscular and oral administrations of meloxicam (0.4 mg.kg-1 body weight). Following intravenous route, the disposition kinetics of meloxicam was best described by a two-compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half-lives of meloxicam were 0.262 ± 0.04 and 25.94 ± 0.65 h respectively. The values of zero time plasma drug concentration and area under curve of meloxicam were 1.608 ± 0.14 μg.h ml-1 and 35.56 ± 3.62 μg.h ml−1, respectively. The values of area under moment curve were 922.3 ± 81.33. The values of apparent volume of distribution, volume of distribution at steady state, volume of drug in central compartment and volume of drug in peripheral compartment were 0.395 ± 0.05, 0.313 ± 0.04, 0.262 ± 0.01 and 0.14 ± 0.04 L.kg−1, respectively. The first order rate constants from central compartment to peripheral and peripheral to central compartment were 0.853 and 2.08 h- 1, respectively. The values of total body clearance and mean residence time were 0.195 ± 0.02 ml.min−1.kg−1 and 26.13 ± 0.51 h, respectively. On the basis of values of pharmacokinetic variables obtained by intravenous administration of meloxicam (0.4 mg.kg−1 body weight), the optimal intravenous dosage regimens of meloxicam would be 0.33 mg.kg−1 as priming dose followed by 0.28 mg.kg−1 as maintenance dose to be repeated at 72 h interval. In present study, the Pharmacokinetic of meloxicam through intramuscular and oral route of administration were described by non-compartmental analysis in dogs. The elimination half-lives for i.m and oral route of administration was 23.41 ± 0.93 h and 21.18 + 1.22 h, respectively. The values of area under curve were 33.40 ± 2.02 μg.h.ml-1 and 32.62 + 2.14 μg.h.ml-1 for i.m and oral route of administration, respectively. The value of area under first moment of curve were found to be 1259 ± 35.1 μg.h2.ml-1 and 1607.29 + 185 μg.h2.ml-1. The values of MRT were 38.38 ± 2.46 and 48.72 + 3.63 h, respectively. Values of F for i.m. and oral study were 0.96 ± 0.06 and 0.95± 0.07 % respectively. On the basis of observed meloxicam concentration in plasma, the drug can be given intramuscularly or orally at dose rate of 0.4 mg/kg to be repeated at an interval of 48 h.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHARMACOKINETICS AND SAFETY STUDY OF LEVOFLOXACIN IN LAYER BIRDS
    (AAU, Anand, 2008) PATEL, JATINKUMAR HARGOVINDDAS; Thaker, A. M.
    Levofloxacin is the active L - isomer of the racemate ofloxacin, a fluorinated quinolone has broad-spectrum activity and good antibacterial activity at low plasma/tissue concentration. The present study was designed to investigate pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following single dose intravenous and oral administration at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight and to evaluate safety after repeated administration (10 mg/kg) of levofloxacin at 12 hours interval for 14 days in layer birds. Drug concentration in serum was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Following intravenous administration, the serum drug concentration-time curves were analyzed by non-compartmental approach. Following intravenous administration the therapeutically effective serum concentration of levofloxacm > 0.13 µg/ml was maintamed for up to 12 hours. Based on the serum drug concentrations, various pharmacokinetic parameters like elimination half-life (t1/2β) (3.08 ± 0.05 hours), apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)) (4.02 ± 0.079 1/kg), volume of distribution of drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) (3.23 ± 0.055 1/kg), total body clearance (CIB) (15.09 ± 0.21 ml/min/kg), area under serum drug concentration-time curve (AUG) (11.07 ± 0.14 µg.h/ml), area under first moment of curve (AUMC) (39.56 ± 0.89 µg.h2/ml) and mean residence time (MRT) (3.57 ± 0.052 hours) were determined.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHARMACOKINETICS AND SAFETY STUDY OF LEVOFLOXACIN IN BROILER BIRDS
    (AAU, Anand, 2008) VARIA, RASESHKUMAR DEVABHAI; Thaker, A. M.
    Levofloxacin is the S- enantiomer (L- isomer) of ofloxacin, has broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The present study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin after single dose intravenous and oral administration at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight in broiler birds. Additionally, tissue concentration (4 doses and 10 doses) and safety of multiple oral doses (28 doses) were evaluated at the same dose rate. Drug concentration in plasma was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental software. Following intravenous administration the plasma concentration of levofloxacin > 0.15 µg/ml was maintained for up to 12 hours. Based on the plasma drug concentrations, various pharmacokinetic parameters like elimination half-life (t1/2β) (3.178 ± 0.070 hours), apparent volume of distribution Vd(area) (4.044 ± 0.077 1/kg), volvmie of distribution of drug at steady-state Vd(ss) (3.245 ± 0.059 1/kg), total body clearance (CIB) (14.710 ± 0.118 ml/min/kg), area under plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) (11.330 + 0.083 µg h/ml), area under first moment of curve (AUMC) (41.730 ± 1.148 µg h2/ml) and mean residence time (MRT) (3.690 + 0.082 hours) were determined.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
    (AAU, Anand, 2016) KARETHA HETALBEN BHIKHALAL; Dr. A. M. Thaker
    The present study was conducted on sixty six (66) male Albino Wistar rats dividing them in various groups having six rats in each group. Group I served as vehicle control and received 0.5 % solution of sodium bicarbonate in normal saline orally once daily for 28 days. Group II served as diabetic control and received streptozotocin at the dose rate of 60 mg/kg body weight, by dissolving it in 50 mM citric buffer (pH 4.5) solution as a single intraperitoneal injection. Rats of group III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX also received streptozotocin at the same way. Group III received glibenclamide at dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight (p.o.) once daily after establishment of diabetes for 28 days. Group IV, V and VI received aqueous extract of M. oleifera pods at dose of 100 and 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively (p.o.) once daily respectively while group VII, VIII and IX received alcoholic extract of M. oleifera pods at dose of 100 and 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively once daily after establishment of diabetes for 28 days. Whereas group X and XI were administered with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods respectively at dose of 200 mg/kg orally once daily for 28 days. Upon acute oral toxicity testing, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera pods were found safe. Phytochemical analysis by GC-MS revealed presence of many compounds in both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of pods. Rats of diabetic “Studies on antidiabetic effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats” control group were found dull and depressed along with polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria from first week of experiment. At the end of experiment, there was significant reduction in the body weight gain and increased feed consumption was found in diabetic rats which was significantly reversed with administration of standard drug, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods. Administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods at dose rate of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg body weight in diabetic rat for 28 days showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in the elevated level of blood glucose and TLC and significant (p<0.01) increase in the reduced level of Hb, RBCs, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC in dose- dependent manner. Daily oral administration of glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg body weight and aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods at dose rate of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in diabetic rats for 28 days produced significant (p<0.01) reduction in the elevated level of SGPT, SGOT, TC, LDH, CK and BUN and significant (p<0.01) increase in the reduced level of liver glycogen, albumin and total protein in dose- dependent manner. Microscopic examination of pancreas revealed destruction, decreased number, dearrangement, diminished size and shape of β cells of islets of langerhans and damaged acinar cells, while histopathological examination of pancreas of both extracts and glibenclamide treated groups revealed restoration in damaged histoarchitecture structure. The hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide, as a reference drug on reducing blood glucose was more potent and significant as compared to plant extracts (aqueous “Studies on antidiabetic effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats” and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods) treatment and brought all the hematological and biochemical parameters up to the normal level. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods showed effectiveness in dose- dependent manner. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the M. oleifera pods at the dose rate of 400 mg/kg body weight showed better effect than dose rate of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The antidiabetic activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods may be due to the presence of phytochemical constituents such as quercetin, flavonoids, phenol, glycoside and alkaloids. Further investigation to define its clinical efficacy would be highly desirable.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SUBACUTE PERMETHRIN EXPOSURE AND ITS AMELIORATING POTENTIAL BY CURCUMA LONGA IN MICE
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2007) VAIBHAVI VIJAY PAWAR; Dr A.M.Thaker
    Present study was planned to know the toxic effect of permethrin on immune system and reversal effect of Curcuma longa if any on permethrin induced immunotoxicity in mice. Approximate medium lethal dose (ALD50) of permethrin taken into consideration for the study was 540 mg/kg. Mice were divided into eight different groups each comprising of ten mice. The group C1 was administered corn oil and served as vehicle control. The group C2 was administered ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizomes at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg and acted as plant control. Group T1 was given 1/40th of LD50 (13.5 mg/kg), group T2 was put on 1/30th of LD50 (18 mg/kg) and group T3 received 1/20th of LD50 (27 mg/kg) of permethrin suspended in corn oil. Group T4 was given permethrin at dose rate of 1/40th of LD50 (13.5 mg/kg) along with ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizomes at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SUBACUTE IMMUNOTOXICITY STUDIES OF IMIDACLOPRID IN WHITE LEGHORN COCKERELS
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) TARUN BALANI; Dr. A.M. Thaker
    The present study was conducted on day old White Leghorn cockerels, which were acclimatized for one week before the start of oral dosing of Imidacloprid. Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide having widespread use in agriculture and is also used as an ectoparasiticide in dogs and cats. Approximate medium lethal dose (ALD50) of Imidacloprid used for the study was 50 mg/kg body weight. One hundred twenty five birds were divided into five different groups each comprising 25 birds. The birds of group C1 were given no treatment and served as control. Group C2 was administered groundnut oil (1ml/kg) and served as control (vehicle). Group I1 was given 1/40th of ALD50 (1.25 mg/kg), and Group I2 was put on 1/30th of ALD50 (1.67 mg/kg), while group I3 received 1/20th of ALD50 (2.5 mg/kg) of Imidacloprid suspended in groundnut oil. Once daily oral dosing was carried out for 28 days
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SUBACUTE ACEPHATE EXPOSURE IN WHITE LEGHORN COCKEREL BIRDS
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) S.M.Tripathi; Dr. A. M. Thaker
    Acephate (Ace), a water-soluble insecticide, belongs to the phosphoramidothioate group of organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Acephate is an organophosphate foliar spray insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10-15 days. It is being widely used for the protection of vegetables and fruits due to its activity against lepidopterans and aphids. As this insecticide is in use as crop protectant, it is likely to cause indirect exposure in poultry through contamination of feed, soil and ground water (in very low amount) and hence, the present study was conducted in Day old White Leghorn Cockerels birds; approximate medium lethal dose (ALD50) of Acephate taken into consideration for the study was 852mg/kg. One hundred twenty five birds were divided into five different groups
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF MELOXICAM FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS, INTRAMASCULAR AND ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN DOGS.
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) D.P.Gohel; Dr. J. G. SARVAIYA
    Meloxicam is a new non-steroidal anti-infl ammator y drug of oxicam family. It is having more selectivity towards cyclooxygenase-2 rather than cyclooxygenase-1. In the present study, pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of meloxicam was determined in mongrel dogs following single dose intravenous, intramuscular and oral administrations of meloxicam (0.4 mg.kg- 1 body weight
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON GENOTOXICITY OF ACEPHATE INDUCED BY REPEATED ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN WISTAR RATS
    (Anand Agricultural University, 2008) JADHAV SANDIP RAMCHANDRA; Dr. S.K. Bhavsar
    Organophosphates are the most frequently used pesticides because of their rapid breakdown into environmentally safe products. Acephate, a water-soluble insecticide, belongs to the phosphoramidothioate group of organophosphate insecticides. It has moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10-15 days. It is being widely used for protection of vegetables and fruits due to its activity against lepidopterans and aphids. As this insecticide is in use as crop protectant, it is likely to cause indirect exposure to animals and humans through contaminated feed, soil and water. Hence the present study was conducted to find out genotoxic potential of acephate.