STUDIES ON ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
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Date
2016
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Publisher
AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present study was conducted on sixty six (66) male Albino Wistar rats
dividing them in various groups having six rats in each group. Group I served as
vehicle control and received 0.5 % solution of sodium bicarbonate in normal saline
orally once daily for 28 days. Group II served as diabetic control and received
streptozotocin at the dose rate of 60 mg/kg body weight, by dissolving it in 50 mM
citric buffer (pH 4.5) solution as a single intraperitoneal injection. Rats of group III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX also received streptozotocin at the same way. Group III
received glibenclamide at dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight (p.o.) once daily after
establishment of diabetes for 28 days. Group IV, V and VI received aqueous extract
of M. oleifera pods at dose of 100 and 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively (p.o.) once
daily respectively while group VII, VIII and IX received alcoholic extract of M.
oleifera pods at dose of 100 and 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively once daily
after establishment of diabetes for 28 days. Whereas group X and XI were
administered with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods respectively at
dose of 200 mg/kg orally once daily for 28 days.
Upon acute oral toxicity testing, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Moringa
oleifera pods were found safe. Phytochemical analysis by GC-MS revealed presence
of many compounds in both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of pods. Rats of diabetic
“Studies on antidiabetic effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera
in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats”
control group were found dull and depressed along with polydipsia, polyphagia and
polyuria from first week of experiment.
At the end of experiment, there was significant reduction in the body weight
gain and increased feed consumption was found in diabetic rats which was
significantly reversed with administration of standard drug, aqueous and alcoholic
extracts of M. oleifera pods.
Administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods at dose
rate of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg body
weight in diabetic rat for 28 days showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in the
elevated level of blood glucose and TLC and significant (p<0.01) increase in the
reduced level of Hb, RBCs, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC in dose- dependent
manner.
Daily oral administration of glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg body weight and
aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods at dose rate of 100, 200 and 400
mg/kg body weight in diabetic rats for 28 days produced significant (p<0.01)
reduction in the elevated level of SGPT, SGOT, TC, LDH, CK and BUN and
significant (p<0.01) increase in the reduced level of liver glycogen, albumin and total
protein in dose- dependent manner.
Microscopic examination of pancreas revealed destruction, decreased number,
dearrangement, diminished size and shape of β cells of islets of langerhans and
damaged acinar cells, while histopathological examination of pancreas of both
extracts and glibenclamide treated groups revealed restoration in damaged
histoarchitecture structure.
The hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide, as a reference drug on reducing
blood glucose was more potent and significant as compared to plant extracts (aqueous
“Studies on antidiabetic effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera
in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats”
and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods) treatment and brought all the
hematological and biochemical parameters up to the normal level. Aqueous and
alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera pods showed effectiveness in dose- dependent
manner. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the M. oleifera pods at the dose rate
of 400 mg/kg body weight showed better effect than dose rate of 100 and 200 mg/kg
body weight. The antidiabetic activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera
pods may be due to the presence of phytochemical constituents such as quercetin,
flavonoids, phenol, glycoside and alkaloids. Further investigation to define its clinical
efficacy would be highly desirable.
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Keywords
veterinary science, pharmacology, toxicology