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ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MEDETOMIDINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE AS PREANAESTHETICS FOR PROPOFOL - ISOFLURANE GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) RAMESHA, H.; V. MAHESHThe study was conducted to evaluate Medetomidine and Dexmedetomidine as pre-anaesthetic for Propofol-Isoflurane general anaesthesia in dogs. The study was conducted on 18 clinical cases of dogs divided in to 3 groups with six dogs in each group. All the dogs were atropinised (0.04 mg/kg BW SC) except Group I. The dogs of Group I anaesthesia were induced by administering Propofol (6 mg/kg IV). Group II animals received medetomidine (20 μg/kg IV). Group III animals received Dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg IV), later anaesthesia was induced by administering Propofol (3 mg/kg IV) after 10 minutes of pre-anaesthetic administration in all the dogs of Group II and Group III. Maintenance of anaesthesia was done under Isoflurane in all the three groups. The onset of sedation was non-significant between Group II and Group III dogs. The induction time was significantly slower in Group I dogs compare to Group II and Group III dogs. The recovery time was quicker in Group I dogs followed by Group III dogs when compared to Group II dogs. Physiological parameters, haematological, biochemical and haemodynamic parameters showed no significant variation in all the three groups but significant decrease in respiratory rate was observed. Blood gas parameters revealed significant changes PaCO2, PaO2 and pH. In conclusion, the anesthetic protocol carried out in Group II and Group III have given satisfactory results with respect to sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation, smooth induction and recovery without any untoward events orcomplications as compared to directly induced Propofol Group. Therefore, both the drugs produced potent sedative effect.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ELASTIC STABLE INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING (ESIN) FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURE OF FEMUR IN SKELETALLY IMMATURE DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) RAHUL P A; V. MAHESHThe occurrence of long bone fracture cases during the study period of 12 months was 3.71%, out of which 39.5% were femoral fractures. Most of the femoral fractures were seen in Non-Descript breed male dogs below six months of age. Diaphyseal transverse type of fracture was the most commonly observed and the major cause was found to be automobile accidents. Two pre-bent titanium elastic nails were inserted into the metaphyseal region each avoiding epiphyseal growth plates in 6 skeletally immature dogs. Symmetric bracing action of elastic nails provided three point fixation inside the medullary cavity and gave rotational, axial, translational and flexural stability. The pain score was highest on the pre-operative day, which was significantly reduced from the 7th post-operative day till the 45th post-operative day in all the six dogs. Dogs started bearing partial weight on the fractured limb from 14th post-operative day, but complete weight bearing in all dogs was observed between the 28th to 45th post-operative day. Immediate post-operative radiographs showed proper reduction and good alignment of the fractured fragments. Post-operative radiographic studies revealed early callus formation and consolidation of the fracture. Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing was found to be best suited for treatment of diaphyseal fractures of femur in skeletally immature dogs as the technique was minimally invasive, provided optimal stability and elasticity which developed early bridging callus and contributed to faster healing of bone without disturbing the growth plate in skeletally immature bone thus allowing early weight bearing and walking.ThesisItem Open Access PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL IN BULLOCKS- ITS MANAGEMENT(KVAFSU, Bidar, 2005-06-01) MANJUNATH PATIL; B.V. SHIVAPRAKASHSTUDY ON PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL, ITS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT IN BULLOCKS Manjunath Patil August-2005 Dr. B. V. Shivaprakash Major Advisor ABSTRACT Prevalence of yoke gall was studied under three different situations i.e., among clinical cases, among animals disposed for sale and slaughter. Classification and evaluation of eight different treatments was made in 57 clinical cases of yoke gall. Prevalence of yoke gall was studied in nine different locations of Karnataka State among clinical cases presented for five retrospective years from 2000 to 2004. Out of 2,61,882 total cases, 70,896 were suffering from different surgical disorders. Out of these, 2,081 cases had yoke gall with an overall prevalence of 0.79%; and prevalence among surgical cases was 2.94%. Out of 2,225 cattle and buffaloes disposed for sale, 38 bullocks were affected with yoke gall showing the prevalence of 1.71%. Out of 1,148 animals disposed for slaughter at Bangalore slaughter house and Chitaguppa slaughter house, 33 bullocks were found affected with yoke gall showing the prevalence of 2.98%. The prevalence of acute yoke gall was maximum (40.13%) in clinical situation; subacute yoke gall was maximum (52.63%) among the animals disposed for sale; and the chronic was maximum (53.06%) among the animals disposed for slaughter. The prevalence was maximum in rainy season (46.23%) followed by winter (31.43%). The prevalence was maximum in the bullocks of 6 to 8 years of age (48.42%). The prevalence was maximum in males (88.42%). Based on clinical and hisptopathological features a standard list of classification was given to yoke gall. Haematobiochemical and histological features of each type were documented. Fifty seven bullocks were divided into eight groups for the evaluation of treatment. In group I, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of Khand ointment (turmeric and lime juice) were given. There was no reduction in swelling of acute and subacute yoke gall during the first 15 days and only 25% reduction was seen after 30 days. In group II, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of Khand ointment and dimethyl sulfoxide liquid were used. Initially no response and after one month only 25% reduction was seen in these bullocks. In group III, only topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide was employed. Response was negligible during initial 15 days and slight reduction (25%) was seen after 30 days in bullocks with acute and subacute yoke gall. In group IV, intravenous dimethyl sulfoxie @ 1.0 g/kg b.wt. resulted in 50% of reduction of acute yoke gall on third day, 75% reduction on seventh day, 90% reduction on 15 th day and complete reduction on 30 th day. In group V, dexamethasone injection was given directly into the swelling. The acute yoke gall showed 50% reduction in swelling on third day, 75% on seventh day and almost complete reduction on 30 th day. In group VI, herbal treatment using paste of root of Triumfetta rotundifolia and leaves of Dregia volubilis were applied. The acute yoke galls showed 25% reduction on third day, 50% reduction on seventh day and complete absorption of fluid by 30 th day. The response was partial for subacute yoke gall and nil for chronic fibrosed yoke gall in groups IV, V & VI. In group VII, surgical drainage of acute yoke galls by stab incision resulted in immediate reduction but required second incision due to reaccumulation. In group VIII, surgical excision was followed in nine bullocks with chronic yoke galls which resulted in 100% improvement. There was no change in haematological values before and after treatment. There was slight increase in SGPT level and marked increase in LDH levels before and 30 days after treatment in all the groups.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF DEXMEDITOMIDINE PREMEDICATION ON KETAMINE INDUCTION AND ISOFLURANE GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN CATTLE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2017-12-01) MUNIRAJU, H.M.; L. RANGANATHThe study was conducted in cattle to standardizethedosage of dexmedetomidine as premedicant in cattle and to study the influence of dexmeditomidine premedication on ketamine induction and isoflurane general anaesthesia. During the present study the following parameters were assessed: (i) physiological parameters like rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate,(ii) hematological parameters viz., total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC),(iii)biochemical parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), blood glucose and creatinine, (iv) blood gas parameters like PaO2, PaCO2 and blood pH (v) heamodynamic parameters like electrocardiography (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) (vi) anaesthetic parameters such as thequality of sedation, induction time, duration of anaesthesia, recovery time, extubation time, time for sternal recumbency and time for unassisted standing were assessed during the period of anaesthesia. Results revealed, in all the animals there were non-significant minor alterations in physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters, whereas some significant changes were observed in PaO2 and changes were only transient and within normal physiological limits. In the present study dexmedetomidine caused the smooth, effective, satisfactory and adequate sedation in three minutes of its administration and facilitated the induction of anaesthesia with minimal changes physiological parameters of cattle subjected for general anaesthesia. Findings were suggestive of anaesthetic protocol employed in the study was safe and effective provided the rapid and smooth induction along with faster recovery in all the animals during the study without any untowardevents or the complications.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PERCUTANEOUS TIBIAL FRACTURE REPAIR BY INTRAMEDULLARY PINNING IN SMALL RUMINANTS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-03-01) MANJUNATH GOKAVI; B. N. NAGARAJAThe incidence of tibial fractures was higher in small ruminants next to femur fractures. Various reduction and stabilization techniques have been introduced for the treatment of different types of fracture but Percutaneous tibial fracture repair by intramedullary pinning was one of the novel technique used for the tibial fracture repair in small ruminants. Six small ruminants with closed tibial fractures were selected and were repaired by the above mentioned technique. Physiological and hematological parameters varied non-significantly throughout the study period. The biochemical parameters like serum calcium and serum phosphorous varied non-significantly and increased alkaline phosphatase level from 1st to 30th postoperative day, came back to normal level by 60th postoperative day. All six animals gained complete weight bearing between 30th to 45th day. Radiographic evaluation revealed proper callus formation at the fracture site by 30th to 45th post-operative day. Based on the observations made in the present study it could be concluded that, this technique provided fewer chances of infection and rigid fixation throughout the fracture healing period. It could be easily practiced by any orthopaedic surgeon and can stabilize long bone fractures like tibia in small ruminants with least effort to surgeon. This technique showed effective immobilization of the fracture, less expensive, minimal invasive and feasible in the field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INFLUENCE OF RIGHT AND LEFT LATERAL RECUMBENCY ON VERTEBRAL HEART SCORE IN LABRADOR RETRIEVER DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-02-01) MAHADEV MULLATTI; K M SRINIVASA MURTHYThe study was carried out in Labrador retriever breed of dogs to study the influence of right and left lateral recumbency on Vertebral Heart Score. Twelve Labrador retriever dogs of either gender were selected for the study and divided into two groups, A and B consisting of six dogs each. Group A included six normal Labrador retriever dogs and Group B included six Labrador retriever dogs with established cardiac disorders. The overall occurrence of cardiac disorders among the dogs was 1.94% with Labrador retrievers represented the highest occurrence of cardiac diseased dogs (24.84%) in one year study period. The middle aged (4-8 years) dogs were overrepresented (43.63%) followed by old dogs (> 8 years) (35.15%) and the least occurrence was in young dogs (0-4 years) (21.21%). Male Labrador retrievers had higher occurrence than female ones. VHS in Group A dogs was 10.1 ± 0.03v and 9.8 ± 0.03v in right and left lateral recumbency respectively. VHS in Group B dogs was 11.8 ± 0.17v and 11.3 ± 0.18v in right and left lateral recumbency respectively. The VHS of Group B dogs was significantly greater than the Group A dogs. The VHS in right lateral recumbency was significantly greater than left lateral recumbency. The ECG parameters varied non significantly between the groups but comparable alterations were noticed. The echocardiography showed significantly increased LVIDd, LVIDs, EDV, ESV and LA/Ao ratio and significantly decreased EF (%) and FS (%) between the groups. The VHS was subjectively correlated well with the ECG and echocardiographic parameters for Labrador retriever breed of dogs. Finally, based on observations and evaluations, it could be concluded that the combination of all three techniques was helpful in assessing the severity and significance of heart diseases and useful to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency.ThesisItem Open Access ROMIFIDINE AND XYLAZINE SEDATION WITH KETAMINE-ISOFLURANE ANAESTHESIA FOR SURGERIES IN BUFFALOES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-08) SAGAR PANDAV; S. M. USTURGEThe present study was carried out in 12 clinical cases of buffaloes of either sex presented for various surgical procedures at Veterinary College, Bidar. The sedative effects of romifidine and xylazine for ketamine-isoflurane general anaesthesia in buffaloes were compared. The buffaloes were randomly divided into two groups consisting of six buffaloes in each group. The buffaloes of group I were administered with romifidine hcl @ 10 μg/kg body weight IV followed by ketamine hydrochloride @ (3 mg/kg, I/V) and maintained with isoflurane @ (1-2 %). The buffaloes of group II were administered with xylazine @ 0.1 mg/kg body weight IV followed by ketamine hydrochloride @ (3 mg/kg, I/V) and maintained with isoflurane @ (1-2%). The anaesthetic combinations were evaluated based on clinical, physiological, haemodynamic and haematobiochemical observations. Onset of sedation and down time to sternal recumbency was faster in the buffaloes premedicated with romifidine. Better analgesia, degree of sedation, muscle relaxation and faster induction and recovery was noticed in romifidine group-I as compared to xylazine group-II for ketamine-isoflurane general anaesthesia in buffaloes. Respiratory depression, bradycardia and decrease in mean arterial pressure were more severe in buffaloes premedicated with romifidine when compared to buffaloes premedicated with xylazine during ketamine-isoflurane anaesthesia. Haematobiochemical parameters though changed non-significantly during general anaesthesia in both the groups, it was only transient and not alaraming to suggest any pathological condition. Hence romifidine as a premedicant can be preferred over xylazine ketamine-isoflurane induced general anaesthesia buffaloes.ThesisItem Open Access ROMIFIDINE AND XYLAZINE SEDATION WITH KETAMINE-ISOFLURANE ANAESTHESIA FOR SURGERIES IN BUFFALOES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-08) SAGAR PANDAV; (S. M. USTURGE)The present study was carried out in 12 clinical cases of buffaloes of either sex presented for various surgical procedures at Veterinary College, Bidar. The sedative effects of romifidine and xylazine for ketamine-isoflurane general anaesthesia in buffaloes were compared. The buffaloes were randomly divided into two groups consisting of six buffaloes in each group. The buffaloes of group I were administered with romifidine hcl @ 10 μg/kg body weight IV followed by ketamine hydrochloride @ (3 mg/kg, I/V) and maintained with isoflurane @ (1-2 %). The buffaloes of group II were administered with xylazine @ 0.1 mg/kg body weight IV followed by ketamine hydrochloride @ (3 mg/kg, I/V) and maintained with isoflurane @ (1-2%). The anaesthetic combinations were evaluated based on clinical, physiological, haemodynamic and haematobiochemical observations. Onset of sedation and down time to sternal recumbency was faster in the buffaloes premedicated with romifidine. Better analgesia, degree of sedation, muscle relaxation and faster induction and recovery was noticed in romifidine group-I as compared to xylazine group-II for ketamine-isoflurane general anaesthesia in buffaloes. Respiratory depression, bradycardia and decrease in mean arterial pressure were more severe in buffaloes premedicated with romifidine when compared to buffaloes premedicated with xylazine during ketamine-isoflurane anaesthesia. Haematobiochemical parameters though changed non-significantly during general anaesthesia in both the groups, it was only transient and not alaraming to suggest any pathological condition. Hence romifidine as a premedicant can be preferred over xylazine ketamine-isoflurane induced general anaesthesia buffaloesThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TITANIUM AND STAINLESS STEEL LOCKING RECONSTRUCTION BONE PLATES FOR TIBIOTARSUS FRACTURE REPAIR IN BACKYARD POULTRY(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 226, 2021-01) PALLAVI; DILIPKUMAR, DThe experimental study was conducted in 12 backyard poultry birds. The permission was obtained by institutional animal ethical committee IAEC (No. 04/ 2019/ VCB/ VSR). Tibiotarsus bone fractures were created under xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia. These twelve birds were randomly divided into two groups consisting of six birds in each group. In group I, birds having tibiotarsus fracture were treated with internal immobilisation using titanium locking reconstructive bone plate. In group II, birds were treated with internal immobilisation using stainless steel locking reconstructive plate. Xylazine @ 3 to 5 mg/kg BW and ketamine @ 50 to 70 mg/kg BW proved to be a good general anaesthetic combination for fracture repair in poultry. In group I birds showed slight to moderate weight bearing from 7th to 15th post-operative day and good to excellent weight bearing by 30th to 45th post-operative day. While in group II, the birds showed slight to moderate weight bearing from 7th to 15th post-operative day and good to excellent weight bearing from 30th to 45th post-operative day. On an average the weight bearing in birds fixed with both the plates were slightly similar on 45th day. The radiographic evaluation was non-significant in both groups. The fracture healed with minimal callus resembling primary union. Complete cortical union noticed on 45th day in both groups. The biochemical analysis showed non-significant rise in serum inorganic phosphorous and serum alkaline phosphatase on 15th and 30th post-operative days and were within normal limits. The levels returned to base values by 45th post-operative day. The significant rise in serum calcium level on 15th and 30th post-operative days and were within normal limits. The levels returned to base values by 45th post-operative days.
