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ThesisItem Restricted PATHOLOGY OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS AND CONCURRENT INFECTIONS IN GOATS(2021) SHANMUGAVADIVU P; TANUVAS; 1-166; ARULMOZHI A; SIVARAMAN SA study was undertaken during the period of October 2019 to September 2020 to determine the incidence of PPR and concurrent infection in and around Namakkal. A total of 509 clinical samples were collected from goats showing clinical signs suggestive of PPR and 39 tissue samples from PPR affected dead animals. Peste des petits ruminants and its concurrent infections were detected by polymerase chain reaction and cultural examinations. Systematic post-mortem examination was carried out on 39 carcasses to ascertain the pathological changes in PPR and concurrent infections. The disease was recorded more in non-descript and Tellicherry than Salem black goat. Among the sex, female were more affected than male. Among different age groups, 6-12 months were more affected than 0-6 months and more than 12 months. The disease occurrence was high in the months of December, January and February. Out of 509 samples, 339 were positive for PPRV. Twelve of the 339 PPRV positive clinical samples yielded a positive reaction for Orf virus. Fourteen of the 339 PPRV positive clinical samples and five out of the 39 post mortem samples yielded a positive reaction for Mycoplasma sp. Six of the 339 PPRV positive clinical samples and seven out of the 39 post mortem samples revealed the presence of Pasteurella sp. One out of 39 PPR positive post mortem samples showed positivity both for Mycoplasma sp. and Pasteurella sp.ThesisItem Restricted ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFECT OF MIRABILIS JALAPA IN EXPERIMENTAL AORTIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN WISTAR RATS(2021) DASARI PRIYANKA SWAMI; TANUVAS; PAZHANIVEL N; GANNE VENKATA SUDHAKAR RAO; PARTHIBAN MThe present study was conducted to find out the effect of Mirabilis jalapa L. against experimentally induced aortic atherosclerosis in 54 Wistar rats for a period of 30 days. Fifty four Wistar rats were divided into six groups and given the following treatments: control – normal diet (day 1 to day 30), HCD group – high cholesterol diet (day 1 to day 30), EEM group – 70 per cent ethanolic root extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. (day 8 to day 30), atorvastatin group – atorvastatin (day 8 to day 30), HCD + EEM group – HCD (day 1 to day 30) + EEM (day 8 to day 30) and HCD + atorvastatin – HCD (day 1 to day 30) + atorvastatin (day 8 to day 30) for 30 days and two sacrifices were conducted on 15th and 30th day. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of 70 per cent ethanolic root extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. (EEM) showed the presence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids and xanthoproteins. Seventeen chemical constituents were identified by GC-MS analysis and five bioactive compounds were having antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. HPTLC quantification of EEM showed the presence of 1.35 per cent of trigonelline. The HCD group showed highly significant (P<0.01) increase in weekly body weight in 3rd and 4th week and total weight gain in 30 days study whereas highly significant (P<0.01) reduction in 4th week body weight and total weight gain in HCD + EEM and HCD + atorvastatin groups in 30 days study. The HCD group showed highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in feed intake on 2nd week onwards in 15 and 30 days study.ThesisItem Restricted PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE TUMOURS(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) JANAKI PRIYA C.; TANUVAS; SELVARAJ J.; ARULMOZHl A.; SENTHILKUMAR S.The present work was carried out to evaluate the application of cytology, histopathology and molecular markers in the diagnosis of canine tumours. Out of 44 samples collected, 41 (93.18%) were of neoplastic origin and 3 of non-neoplastic origin. Malignant tumours (85.37%) recorded were strikingly higher than benign tumours. Non-descript (39.0%) were predominantly affected followed by Labrador (22.0%) and Spitz (17.1%) breeds. Dogs within the age group of 5 to 10 years were more prone to tumours. The mean age of occurrence of neoplasm was 6.23 years. More than 50% of the affected animals were females. Genital organs (34.2%) showed higher incidence of tumours followed by mammary glands (26.8%) and skin (17.1%). Histopathological diagnosis revealed more sensitivity than cytology. Based on histopathology and cytology, the most common tumour recorded was transmissiblevenereal tumours(29.27%) followed by mammary carcinomas (26.83%), papillomas (9.76%), mast cell tumours (7.32%), lymphomas (4.87%), squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, nasal adenocarcinoma, collision tumour, fibroma, ossifying fibrosarcoma, lipoma, liposarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma (each 2.44%).ThesisItem Restricted PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN DESI CHICKEN(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) HARIHARAN J.; TANUVAS; SELVARAJ J.; SRINIVASAN P.; PUVARAJAN B.A total of 26 Newcastle disease (ND) suspected cases from natural outbreak in desi chicken were studied. Polymerase chain reaction conducted for fusion gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) using tissue sample of desi chicken confirmed the presence of NDV in tissue samples of 16 cases which alone were taken for further pathological and molecular studies. The higher incidence of ND was noticed in desi chicken above 6 months of age. Grossly, haemorrhage was observed in oesophageo-proventricular junction, proventriculus, intestine and caecal tonsil. Ulcer was noticed in the intestine. Necrosis was observed in the oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, intestine and caecal tonsil. Congestion in the nasal turbinate mucosa, trachea, lungs, kidney, liver and conjunctiva was noticed in ND affected desi chicken.ThesisItem Restricted IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF CANCER STEM CELLS AND ANGIOGENESIS MARKERS IN CANINE MAMMARY TUMORS(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) NANDHINI S.; TANUVAS; MADHESWARAN R.; BALASUBRAMANIAM G.A.; RAMYA K.The present work was conducted to study the identification and characterisation of biomarkers for cancer stem cells and angiogenesis in the canine mammary tumors. The incidence, haematology, serum biochemistry, antioxidants, lipid peroxidase, radiography, gross pathology, cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed in 30 mammary tumor affected bitches. The annual incidence rate of 26.31 per cent mammary tumors was observed. The highest incidence was recorded in Spitz and mean age of the dogs observed as 7.36 years ranging from 2 to 16 years of age. Haematological parameters like RBC and PCV showed significant reduction whereas MCH, MCHC and TLC showed significant elevation in tumor affected dogs. Serum biochemical parameters like total cholesterol, ALT, AST, ALP and potassium showed significant elevation whereas albumin and calcium showed significant reduction in the tumor affected dogs.ThesisItem Restricted PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND INFLUENCE OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GLYPHOSATE TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS(2022) WINSTON JOEL R; TANUVAS; PAZHANIVEL; PAZHANIVEL N; VAIRAMUTHU S; PREETHA SPThe present study was conducted to find out the protective effect of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus against glyphosate induced toxicity in Wistar rats for a period of 28 days. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly (n=12) divided into five groups: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (GLP 500 mg/kg), Group 3 (PA 100 mg/kg aqueous extract), Group 4 (GLP 500 mg/kg + PA 100 mg/kg aqueous extract) and Group 5 (GLP 500 mg/kg (Up to 9 days) + PA 100 mg/kg aqueous extract from 10th to 28th day). The phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of P.amarus showed the bioactive compounds of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, xanthoproteins and proteins. The major active compounds in the extract as revealed by GC-MS study showed the presence of bioactive compounds having the oestrogen and androgen receptor activity, antiplatelet and antioxidant activity and the inflammasome inhibitor activity. The HPTLC quantification of P.amarus extract showed the presence of 0.048% of phyllanthin. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the weekly body weights, total body weight gain and feed consumption between control, glyphosate and P.amarus treatment groups. Numerical reduction in total body weight gain along with weekly body weights and feed consumption from first week to fourth week were observed in glyphosate group and these values improved in the prophylactic and therapeutic groups of P.amarus.ThesisItem Restricted PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES AND APOPTOTIC MARKERS EXPRESSION PROFILE IN SPONTANEOUS CANINE CUTANEOUS EPITHELIAL TUMOURS(2022) SARANYA R; TANUVAS; NAGARAJAN K; HEMALATHA S; GOKULAKRISHNAN MThe present study was carried out at SAC-OP-Surgery, Department of Climes and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007 to study the cytological, gross and histopathological changes in canine cutaneous epithelial neoplasms and to evaluate the expression of apoptotic markers to predict the prognosis of the tumours studied. A total of 47 cutaneous epithelial tumours were recorded in dogs for a period of nine months. The overall incidence of canine cutaneous epithelial tumours was 1.47 %. Among these cutaneous epithelial tumours, papilloma (3), squamous cell carcinoma (1), basosquamous carcinoma (I), trichoblastoma (4), sebaceous hyperplasia (1), sebaceous adenoma (1), sebaceous epithelioma (1), sebaceous adenocarcinoma (2), hepatoid gland adenoma (4), hepatoid gland adenocarcinoma (8), apocrine ductal adenoma (1), apocrine gland adenoma (1), apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (1), ceruminous gland adenoma (1), ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma (2) and mammary gland adenocarcinoma (15).ThesisItem Restricted PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES (LPDS) IN CHICKEN(2021) RAVIKUMAR R; TANUVAS; SELVARAJ J; THANGATHURAI R; LURTHU REETHA L; BALAKRISHNAN SA total of 155 lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs) suspected cases from the chicken farms (n=27) were studied. Highest incidence of LPDs (20 farms out of the 27 farms) were recorded in the Namakkal region. The higher and lower incidence of LPDs was noticed in the flocks with age group between 46-55 wks and 86 to 95 wks respectively. The highest incidence of MD, LL, RE, concurrent infection of MD and LL, concurrent infection of MD and RE, and concurrent infection of MD, LL and RE was recorded in the age group between 36 to 45 wks, 46 to 55 wks, 20 wks and 26 wks, 46 to 55 wks, 20 wks and 25 wks and 26 to 35 wks respectively. Polymerase chain reaction revealed the highest incidence of MDV (63.87 per cent), followed by concurrent infection of MDV and LL (22.58 per cent), LL (7.10 per cent), concurrent infection of MDV, LL and REV (2.58 per cent), REV and concurrent infection of MDV and REV (1.29 per cent). Grossly, enlargement, mottling, greyish spots/foci with nodules in the visceral organs were noticed in LPDs affected birds. Histopathologically, MD affected organs like liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lungs, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, mesentery, pancreas, skin, comb, skeletal muscle, bone marrow, brain, sciatic nerve, eye, ovary and thymus showed PLC infiltrations with loss of architecture, replacement, displacement and atrophic changes of constituent structures with score of 1 to 5. In addition to PLC infiltrations, the liver showed mitotic figures in lymphoid cells and occasional MD cells; medial hypertrophy of artery, lymphocytolysis and mild reticulum cell hyperplasia in the spleen; glomerulitis, intertubular oedema, crystals and eosinophilic cast in the tubules of the kidney; intravascular lymphoid cells in the lung; vasculitis and mild hyperkeratosis in the comb; congestion, focal satellitosis, gliosis, axonal spheroids, perivascular cuffing, perivascular oedema and neuronal vacuolation in the brain; Perivascular PLC infiltration in the choroid, iris and ciliary body with subcortical vacuolation of lens fibres in the eye and intravascular PLC infiltration in the ovarian stroma were also noticed.ThesisItem Restricted AN ETIOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON SWINE VIRAL RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASES(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2021) LALRINKIMA; TANUVAS; HEMALATHA S.; NAGARAJAN K.; DHINAKAR RAJ G.; THANGAVELU A.An etiopathological study was aimed to ascertain the prevalence of swine viral respiratory and reproductive diseases in pigs in and around Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Clinical samples consisted of blood, sera, nasal and rectal swabs were collected from two University Research Farms (URF) PGRIAS, Kattupakkam and ILFC, Madhavaram and two private farms located in and around Chennai. A total of 45 necropsies were conducted on pig carcasses during the study period consisting of 3 mummified fetuses, 17 still born fetuses, 5 pre- weaners, 8 weaners, 8 finishers and 4 adults. Representative tissue samples from the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, intestine and brain were collected on ice and in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular studies. The common clinical signs recorded in the farms were abortions with mummification and still births. A few piglets showed generalized pallor, emaciation and rough skin and dermatitis was recorded in one grower piglet.
