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Open Access
Soil test crop response study in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) for fertilizer recommendation
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Deepak; Srivastava, Ajaya
A field experiment was conducted during spring and summer 2011-12 at Crop Research Centre, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar under AICRP on soil test crop response correlation to develop fertilizer adjustment equation for computing nutrient dose for targeted yield of Chilli on the basis of initial soil fertility and nutrient dose. Test crop Chilli was grown using three levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with control in three different fertility gradient stripes. Twenty four treatments were randomised in each strip and three blocks were made with different organic manure (FYM) level (0 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1). Chemical analysis was carried out to estimate organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil. Nutrient requirement to produce one quintal of Chilli was found to be 3.21 kg for nitrogen, 1.57 kg for phosphorus and 3.96 kg for potassium. Percent contribution for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 42.37, 30.65 and 7.7 from soil; 20.57, 36.0 and 56.0 with FYM; 8.0, 35.0 and 51.0 from chemical fertilizer, respectively. Multiple regression type response function were fitted in to the data by selected soil test methods. Response type for nitrogen - + -, while for phosphorus it was + + - type and for potassium it was - - + type. Fruit yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant yield (0.571**), nitrogen uptake (0.611**), nitrogen (.611**) phosphorus (0.620**) and potassium (0.483**). Significant correlation of fruit yield was found with fertilizer nitrogen (0.476**), phosphorus (0.419**) and potassium (0.398**), and FYM (.317**). Suitability of soil test methods were evaluated by R² value of multiple regression equation and concluded that alkaline KMnO4 and Organic Carbon, Olsen’s and AB-DTPA and Normal neutral NH4OAC and AB-DTPA methods are suitable for the determination of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. These findings may be used as guide for efficient fertilizer management by reducing cost of cultivation and increasing fertilizer use efficiency. Therefore soil test based fertilizer recommendation may be a useful tool for balanced fertilization of nutrients.
Open Access
Effect of irrigation schedules and methods on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in cowpea and nutrient balance in soil under varying water table conditions
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-06) Dasila, Binny; Singh, Veer
Open Access
Studies on response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) for various irrigation schedules under varying water table conditions
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Pandey, Anshul; Kushwaha, H.S.
Experiment with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculta (L).Walp) (2n= 22) var. Pant Lobia -1 was conducted at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Center of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Latitude 290N, Longitude 790 30’ E and Altitude 243.84 m a above msl) to study the effect of irrigation schedule on growth, development, yield and yield attributes, total water use and water use efficiency of Cowpea. The lysimeters under experiment were filled with silty clay loam soil and were associated with 30±1.5, 60±1.5 and 90±1.5 cm water tables. Six irrigation treatments included T1 ( 3 cm irrigation water at IW : CPE ratio 0.3 by flood method) ; T2 ( 2 cm irrigation water at IW : CPE ratio 0.2 by Sprinkler method) ; T3 ( 3 cm irrigation water at IW : CPE ratio 0.2 by flood method) T4 ( 2 cm irrigation water at IW : CPE ratio 0.15 by Sprinkler method) ; T5 ( 3 cm irrigation water at IW : CPE ratio 0.15 by flood method) and T6 (2 cm irrigation water at IW : CPE ratio 0.10 by Sprinkler method) lysimeters associated with water table conditions. The results have shown that Plant height of cowpea var. Pant Lobia-1 was found to be maximum (55.71 cm) in T1 treatment where 6 irrigations were scheduled based on IW : CPE 0.3 using sprinkler method of irrigation .Number of leaves was significantly affected by various irrigation schedules, water table depths and irrigation methods. Maximum number of leaves (30.20, 29.78 and 29.40) were observed under irrigation at IW: CPE 0.3 , 60±1.5 cm water table depth and sprinkler method of irrigation respectively. Number of branches per plant was found significantly higher (1.12, 1.80 and 2.41 at 25, 50 and 75 DAS, respectively) under 60±1.5 cm water table observed . The plots receiving irrigations at IW : CPE 0.10 recorded significantly more number of branches per plant (1.08, 1.88 and 2.54 at 25,50 and 75 DAS respectively). The number of branches per plant was higher (2.41 at 75 DAS) through sprinkler method of irrigation. Maximum leaf area (18.83 cm2) was observed in 90±1.5 cm water table depth. Plots receiving irrigations at IW : CPE 0.10 recorded significantly higher leaf area of 17.72 cm2, while sprinkler method produced significantly maximum leaf area (18.42 cm-2). Days taken to 50 per cent flowering ranges from 48.83 to 38.83 among different irrigation combination treatments in lysimeters under water table condition. Results have also indicated that grain yield in lysimeters with 60 cm water table receiving 6 irrigations using IW: CPE as 0.3 was highest when irrigated with flood method, while the lowest grain yield was obtained in lysimeters associate with 30 cm water table and receiving one irrigation based on IW: CPE 0.15 using flood method. Highest water use efficiency (WUE) 1.73 kg ha-1cm-1 was obtained in lysimeters with 90 cm water table and receiving six irrigation by flood method as IW: CPE 0.3, while it was lowest (0.80 kg ha-1cm-1 ) in irrigation treatments receiving IW: CPE 0.15 using flood method under 30 cm water table. It is concluded from this study that among different irrigation treatments, irrigation schedule based on IW: CPE as 0.3 (six irrigations) was beneficial to the crop under medium water table (60 cm depth)conditions and flood method of irrigation was superior over sprinkler method for maximizing yield (1896.3 kg ha-1) of cowpea.
Open Access
Effect of P and Zn interaction on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) cv. HQPM-1 grown in mollisols
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Abhishek Kumar; Singh, Veer
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 to find out the effect of P and Zn interaction on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) cv. HQPM-1 grown in mollisols at Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The treatments replicated thrice in a factorial randomized block design (F-RBD) and the experiment consisted of 10 treatments. Growth and yield attributing characters of maize significantly affected by application of various P and Zn levels which in turn increased grain and stover yields of maize. The plant growth parameters viz., plant height and number of leaves was observed highest with the application of 60 kg P2O5/ha along with 15 kg Zn/ha. Days to 50 per cent tasseling and silking were found minimum with the combined application of 15 kg Zn/ha and 60 kg P2O5/ha but anthesis silking interval (ASI) was found minimum under 10 kg Zn/ha and 90 kg P2O5/ha combination which consequently improved grain yield. Interaction effect of 10 kg Zn/ha along with 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased cob and grain yield by 59.3 and 48.1 q/ha, respectively, over control (36.3 and 25.0 q/ha). Combined application of 10 kg Zn/ha and 60 kg P2O5/ha in general increased the availability of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and zinc. Total phosphorus and zinc uptake was found highest under treatment T10 and T5 respectively. Protein, tryptophan and lysine content in maize grain significantly affected with the Zn and P levels and highest values of 20.7, 0.29 and 1.15 %, respectively, were observed with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 kg Zn/ha combination. All the yield attributes attained the positive but no-significant correlation with soil pH, EC and available Zn but soil available P showed significant and positively correlation with grain yield (0.680*). Tryptophan and lysine contents of grain were significantly correlated with available P (0.799**, 0.792**), grain P (0.787**, 0.790**) and grain Zn (0.755*, 0.789**), respectively. Among all the treatments, combined application of 10 kg Zn/ha and 60 kg P2O5/ha (T6) was found superior over other treatments for most of the growth, yield and quality parameters.
Open Access
Soil test crop response correlation studies on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a mollisol of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-06) Rawat, Mangal Singh; Singh, Sobaran
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 202012-13 in a Aquic hapludoll at D7 block of Norman E. Borlogue Crop Research Centre of The G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (290 N latitude and 79029’ E longitude), as the per technical programme of All India Coordinated Research Project on Soil Test Crop Response Correlation. The experiment was conducted in two phases. In the first phase soil fertility gradient was developed by dividing experimental field into three strips and applying graded doses of fertilizers in them (Strip I (no fertilizer), Strip II (100,100 and 100 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha) and Strip III (200, 200 and 200 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1) and growing of exhaust crop fodder Sorghum (var. Pant chari-1). In the second phase i.e. next season test crop chickpea (var.Pusa262) was grown by dividing each strip in 24 plots having 21 treatments and 3 controlled plots. Response to selected combinations of three levels of FYM (0, 5 and 10 t/ha), four levels of nitrogen (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1), four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four levels of potassium (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg K2O ha-1) at different fertility levels of chickpea was studied. The values of the organic carbon, Alkaline KMnO4 extractable N, Olsen’s P and neutral normal Ammonium Acetate extractable K in the experimental field ranged between 0.31 to 1.63 per cent, 87.81 to 263.42 kg ha-1 and 12.10 to 24.64 kg ha-1, 76.16 to 247.52 kg ha-1, respectively. The total uptake of N, P and K ranged from 44.96 to 140.46, 7.72 to 18.15 and 28.76 to 82.92 kg ha-1 by chickpea, respectively. In the present investigation the total grain yield ranged from 12.77 to 30.27 q ha-1 and total straw yield 16.11 to 38.97 q ha-1. The nutrient requirement for production of one quintal of grain yield of chickpea was found to be 4.41 kg Nitrogen, 0.62 kg Phosphorus and 2.53 kg Potassium. Percent contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 37.05, 72.16 and 35.61, from soil, whereas from other sources as FYM was 68.31, 16.15 and 37.20 percent; chemical fertilizer 160.01, 16.79 and 93.51 and conjoint joint use of chemical fertilizer with FYM 64, 15.57 and 95.22 in terms of N, P and K respectively. Coefficient of quadratic multiple regression (R2) was found moderately significant (0.465**) between total grain yield, soil test values, added fertilizers and interaction between soil and fertilizer. Suitability of soil test methods was also evaluated by R2 value of multiple regression equation and concluded that organic carbon, AB-DTPA-P and AB-DTPA-K methods are suitable for the determination of available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, respectively in Tarai region of Uttarakhand for chickpea crop. Maximum response obtained at 10 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 20 kg K2O ha-1. However, optimum dose (B/C) of N, P2O5 and K2O was obtained in 20 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 30 kg K2O ha-1 for chickpea growing in Mollisol of Uttarakhand. Findings from present study can successfully be utilized for the larger parts of Tarai region of Uttarakhand as effective guide for efficient and balanced fertilizer recommendation.
Open Access
Impact of long-term balanced and imbalanced use of fertilizers on soil quality and productivity in rice-wheat cropping system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Bhat, Manoj Kumar; Raverkar, K.P.
Open Access
Correlation between physical properties and fertility status in soils of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Vineet Kumar; Srivastava, Ajaya
An investigation was carried out to study the distribution of available macronutrients (N, P, K and S) and some micronutrient cations (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn), their relationship with some physical properties of soil and the evaluation of availability indices for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in soils of different blocks of district Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand).The soils of the district were found sufficient in Phosphorus, Potassium and Sulphur but low in available Nitrogen content and the soil samples were sufficient in micronutrient cations. Different methods of analysis of soil were employed, to know the best method among them, for availability of N, P, and K. Available Nitrogen was analyzed by Organic carbon and alkaline KMnO4-N methods, available Phosphorus by Olsen’s P, AB-DTPA P, Mehlich-1 P and Bray & Kurtz P and available Potassium by Ammonium acetate K, AB-DTPA K, Mehlich-1 K and Modified morgan K for the soil samples of district Udham Singh Nagar. Highest suitability was obtained with Alk. KMnO4 (R2 = 0.437), Olsen’s (R2 = 0.501) and AB-DTPA (R2 = 0.603) method for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, respectively. In general the macronutrients were correlated significantly and negatively with pH and positively with organic carbon and the DTPA-extractable micronutrient cations were positively and significantly correlated with organic carbon and clay content but negatively with pH of the soil. The values of the organic carbon, Alkaline KMnO4 extractable N, Olsen’s P and neutral normal Ammonium Acetate extractable K in the Udham Singh Nagar district ranged between 0.13-1.64 per cent, 125.44-338.68 kg N ha-1, 7.34-76.70 kg P ha-1 and 66.08-271.04 kg K ha-1, respectively and the values of DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in soil samples of the district were ranged from 12.42-54.06, 0.96-22.06, 0.26-3.79 and 0.59-5.04 ppm respectively. Findings from present study can successfully be utilized for the larger parts of Tarai region of Uttarakhand as effective guide for efficient and balanced fertilizer recommendations.
Open Access
Effect of soil fertility and fertilizer recommendations on performance of oats (Avena sativa L.) varieties
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Shikha; Singh, Sobaran
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil fertility and fertilizer recommendations on performance of oats (Avena sativaL.) vatieties during Rabi 2014-15 in a Aquic hapludoll at D7 block of Norman E. Borlogue Crop Research Centre of The G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (290 N latitude and 79029’ E longitude). The experiment was conducted in two phases , i.e. creation of fertility levels by applying graded doses of N, P and K and growing exhaust crop in the preceding crop season (Kharif 2014). In the second phase (Rabi 2014-15), main experiment was conducted in split split plot design. Taking three fertility levels i.e. low, medium and high in main plot. Three variety of oats i.e. kent, UPO 94 and UPO 212 in sub plot and three methods of fertilizer recommendations, i.e. GRD, STCR and STCR with INM in sub sub plot. Performance of oats was adjudged on the basis of growth parameter i.e. dry matter accumulation and height of the plant, yield parameter i.e. green forage and dry matter yield at 50% flowering stage by different varieties. Nutrient content, nutrient uptake and nutrient requirement to produce one quintal of green forage. The quality parameter in terms of protein content at 50% flowering stage. Soil sample were analyzed after harvest of crop for available N,P and K for working out effects of different soil fertility, variety and fertilizer recommendation approach on status of available nutrients. Soil analysis and yield data of exhaust crop sorghum indicate that fertility level in the experimental plot has been created. Green forage yield, dry matter yield, nutrient uptake , nutrient requirement and dry matter accumulation was highest in UPO 94 whereas nutrient content, plant height and protein content was maximum in variety UPO 212. Both the variety performed better in highest fertility level with STCR approaches. In post harvest soil samples significantly increase in organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium found at highest fertility levels. Therefore, screening of variety for different fertility levels is essential for maximum yield potential and sustaining soil for crop yield , quality and soil health for the future
Open Access
Status of some macro- and micro-nutrients in soils of Almora district of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Arya, Rajendra Prasad; Pachauri, S.P.
An investigation was carried out to study the available macro- and micro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, B and Mo) and some physico-chemical properties in surface (0-15 cm) soils of Almora district (Uttarakhand). In all, 291 soil samples were taken for the study. The content of available macro and micro-nutrients were also correlated with some soil properties. Soil texture of district varied from sandy loam to sandy clay loam, Soil pH (1: 2 soil water suspensions) ranged from 4.24 to 8.86, electrical conductivity ranged from 0.02 to 0.53 dSm-1 and organic carbon ranged from 2.63 to 28.37 g kg-1. In soils of the entire district available N ranged from (112.90 to 363.78 kg N ha-1), P (6.4 to 46.4 kg ha-1), K (53.8 to 571.2 kg ha-1), Ca (844 to 6244 mg kg-1), Mg (120 to 2640 mg kg-1), S (2.60 to 36.29 mg kg-1), Zn (0.10 to 20.70 mg kg-1), Cu (0.11 to 6.21 mg kg-1), Fe (1.93 to 127.02 mg kg-1), Mn (1.24 to 56.92 mg kg-1), B (0.12 to 1.11 mg kg-1) and Mo (0.02 to 0.36 mg kg-1). The relationships between soil properties and available macro and micro- nutrient revealed that in soilsof entire district, soil pH significantly and positively correlated with available P and Zn but significantly and negatively correlated with available Fe, Mn and B. Electrical conductivity (EC) significantly and positively correlated with available K, S and Ca but significantly and negatively correlated with available Mn. Organic carbon showed significant and positive correlation with available N, S, Ca, Zn, Fe and Cu but showed significant and negative correlation with available B. From this study, it may be concluded that soils of Almora district were having widely varying soil pH which ranged from very acidic to moderately alkaline in reaction, low to medium in salt concentration and high in organic carbon. Based on the calculated nutrient indices (N.I.), the soils of Almora were low in N and Mg, medium in B and high in rest other nutrients. Further, pot culture and field experiments need to be carried out in future to verify the deficiency of different nutrients besides verifying the validity of critical limits of important macro- and micro-nutrients.

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