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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 25
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Reproductive Tract Ailments of Canines.
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-01-06) Sharma, Vasu; Sharma, Amit Kumar
    Present study investigated the prevalence, diagnosis and therapeutic management of reproductive tract ailments in a total of two hundred eighty-three (n=283) dogs. The cases were categorized on basis of age, parity, breed and season, respectively. Gestational disorders (22.3%) followed by neoplasia (13.4%), infections (10.9%) and hormonal (6.4%) disorders were preponderant reproductive tract ailments. The highest prevalence of reproductive tract ailments was observed in young ( 5yr, 58.3%), nulliparous (54.1%) and larger breeds (45.8%) during winters (58.3%) which were diagnosed using ultrasonography with an efficiency of 95.83 per cent. Escherichia coli (62.5%) was the primary bacterial isolate from purulent vaginal discharge of pyometra infected bitches with highest susceptibility for enrofloxacin (85.71%) followed by gentamicin (76.19%) and ceftriaxone (61.90%), respectively. Transmissible Venereal Tumour was preponderant in adult (63.1%), medium sized breeds (68.4%), bitches (52.6%) during monsoon season (52.6%) which were successfully managed chemotherapeutically (89.47%). Operative procedures for diagnostic and therapeutic management of major reproductive tract ailments were formulated and successfully applied during present study.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasonographic Investigations of Internal Genital Organs During Gestation in Gaddi Sheep
    (Palampur, 2022-12-08) Tyson; Sharma, Amit Kumar
    The present study was conducted during breeding season to ultrasonographically evaluate the internal genital organs during gestation in Gaddi sheep reared at Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur at 32.6° N, 76.3° E, altitude of 1290.8m. Estrus observation accomplished by parading of adult ram (morning evening; 30 minutes each) followed by tupping. Day of mating was characterized as Day 0. Sequential ultrasonographic observations (Transrectal, TRUS 7.5 MHz; Transabdominal, TAUS 5.0 MHz) were carried out from Day 25 onwards at ten Day interval till Day 75 (TRUS) and till lambing (TAUS), respectively to record the embryonic and fetal characteristics. Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS 25. Majority of embryonic characteristics (Embryonic vesicle, Embryo proper, Heart biometry, Amniotic vesicle, Placentomes and Umbilical cord) were visualized as early as Day 25 except (Limb buds, Head and Trunk differentiation) which took little longer (Day 35). Whereas, fetal characteristics were visualized later in gestation. All the biometry parameters were earlier as well as better visualized in TRUS in comparison with TAUS. Significant increase (p<0.05) in biometric parameters were recorded throughout gestation except placentome diameter which observed significant decrease (p<0.05) from Day 95 till lambing. Various predictive equations were formulated using linear regression model to determine the gestation age in Gaddi ewes concluding Biparietal diameter (BPD) as best parameter (R2=97.9%) for TRUS whereas, Abdominal diameter (AD; R2=98%) was best while using TAUS. The spectral Doppler analysis of umbilicus was performed from Day 45 till lambing by TAUS. Majority of Doppler indices exhibit significant increase (p<0.05) at successive stage of gestation while, Pulsatility Index (PI) and Resistivity Index (RI) recorded decreasing trends (p<0.05). Correlation of haemodynamic parameters throughout the gestation revealed that PI and RI shared a significant (p<0.01) positive correlation amongst each other and were significant and negatively correlated (p<0.01) with all other Doppler parameters (PS, ED, TAMAX, TAMEAN, BFV-TAMAX and BFV-TAMEAN).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the estrus synchronization protocols and sonographic evaluation of early embryonic development in Gaddi sheep.
    (palampur, 2021-09-01) Jamwal, Kirti; Sharma, Amit Kumar
    The present study was conducted in Gaddi sheep to compare different estrus synchronization protocols during conventional non-breeding (April to June 2020; NB) and breeding (November-January 2021; B) season at Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur at 32.6° N, 76.3° E, altitude of 1290.8 m. Gaddi ewes were assigned to three different groups viz. progesterone-based protocol (ProEP), ovulation synchronization protocol (GPG) and control (Con) including six ewes in each group during both the seasons. Different estrus behavior signs were observed and compared during B and NB season along with vaginal electrical resistance, temperature, pH and vaginal cytology. Significantly higher (p<0.05) frequency of tail wagging (3.0±0.6) was observed at <24 hr in ProEP treated Gaddi ewes than other groups. ProEP treated ewes exhibited earlier onset (28.8±1.8 hr) along with extended estrus duration (40.2±5.5 hr) irrespective of season. Performance of ProEP treated Gaddi ewes was better in terms of higher rates of estrus response (83.3%), conception (90.0%), pregnancy (75.0%), fecundity (83.3%) and prolificacy (1.0±0.0). Vaginal electrical resistance and cytological examinations could also be used for diagnosing standing estrus in Gaddi ewes. Serum progesterone estimation were also carried out in ProEP treated Gaddi ewes at different interval. Significantly higher serum progesterone concentration in ProEP treated pregnant Gaddi ewes was observed on Day 0 (2.72± 1.71 ng/ml) as well as on Day 17 (3.94±0.4 ng/ml) after mating. Sequential transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) examinations with linear rectal probe (5.5–7.5 MHz) were carried out to study embryonic biometry parameters, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. TRUS was efficiently used for studying the embryonic development as well as losses between Days 14-35. Day 28 was regarded as best time to perform TRUS with maximum precision, higher accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and increased proportion of ewes having positive and negative predictive values. Predictive equations for calculation of gestation age during embryonic phase in Gaddi ewes were also established.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on effect of CIDR insertion during early postpartum phase on reproductive efficiency in dairy cows
    (Palampur, 2021-09-09) Kour, Popandeer; Singh, Madhumeet
    The present study was conducted on dairy cows (N=20) reared at Institutional Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur, during the early post-partum phase i.e. day 35. The selected cows were randomly distributed among 3 groups, viz. two CIDR treatment groups and one control group. Treatment group 1 (CIDR+FTAI) consisted of 7 cows, each receiving Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) insert for 9 days only whereas treatment group 2 (CIDR-PGF2α+FTAI) comprised of 6 cows in which resynchronization with CIDR from day 18-26 during subsequent mid-luteal phase after CIDR removal and cows in the control group (n=7) did not receive any treatment. Transrectal ultrasonography was done to assess the effect of treatment on follicular growth on different days of synchronization protocol as well as assessment of ovarian functional status by using Color Doppler portable ultrasound at 7.5 MHz frequency. Cervical discharge samples in both treatment groups were taken for culture sensitivity test after onset of estrus (AI day). The objectives of the current study were to assess the efficacy of CIDR-based protocol applied during the early post-partum phase on induction of estrus and record the effect of protocol on ovulation and conception rate in dairy cows. In the present study, estrus could be induced successfully in all the cows following CIDR treatment during the early postpartum period, however, artificial insemination was not done in some cows due to turbid discharge (9/13). Standing heat and mounting were not the predominant signs of estrus following CIDR treatment during the early post-partum period as compared to the control group, whereas, vulvar edema and cervicovaginal mucus were the common signs. The mean diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle was numerically higher (p>0.05) in both the treatment groups as compared to control group cows. Also, duration to first behavioural estrus was non-significantly lower (p>0.05) in CIDR treatment groups whereas the days open were numerically lower (p>0.05) in the CIDR+FTAI group only as compared to control group cows. The fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and Enrofloxacin) were recorded as the most sensitive as ant
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on clinical application of exfoliative vaginal cytology in dog reproduction
    (Palampur, 2021-07-30) Sharma, Ananya; Singh, Madhumeet
    The present study was conducted in she-dogs (N=30), belonging to different breeds and ages, presented to the Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (CSKHPKV), Palampur for determination of mating time and diagnosis of various reproductive disorders. Serum progesterone was estimatedfrom the blood sample collected in clot activator by cephalic venepuncture from she-dogs during different stages of the estrous cycle. The objectives of the study were to establish the usefulness of exfoliative vaginal cytology for the diagnosis of various reproductive stages and disorders in she-dogs and compare different staining techniques for vaginal cytology in canines. All the staining techniques provided diagnostic results, however, the Giemsa staining method proved to be the best followed by Leishman's method of staining. A significantly higher proportion (p0.05) for non- cornified cells (r= -0.7408 to -0.5807) during early estrus. Also, the percentage of keratinized cells and progesterone concentration were significantly lower (p<0.01-0.05) in she–dogs subsequently conceived after mating as compared to non-conceived.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigation and management of infertility in cows reared in tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh
    (Palampur, 2021-09-09) Sharma, Ankita; Singh, Madhumeet
    The present study was conducted on 664 cows affected with different forms of infertility and reared in tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. Blood samples were collected from cows diagnosed reproductive abnormalities for minerals, hormones, biochemical estimation and DNA isolation and gene sequencing. In addition to that faecal and cervicovaginal discharge samples were collected to determine the endoparasitic load and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity of the cows, respectively. The objectives of current study were to document the infertility problems and evaluate the effect of various treatments for its management in cows of tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. In present study, functional form of infertility had the highest prevalence in cows followed by infectious and anatomical causes. Forty seven per cent incidence of gastrointestinal infestation was recorded in faecal samples of cows. Among the different physiological and pathological conditions, anestrus cows had the highest incidence (22%) for parasitic load. After in vitro culture sensitivity test, fluoroquinolone group (Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin) were recorded as the most sensitive antibiotics whereas metronidazole (91.2%) was most resistant. Also, blood plasma concentration of calcium in infertile cows of Kinnaur was significantly higher (p<0.01) as compared to other sampled tribal areas whereas the significantly higher (p<0.05) plasma concentration of phosphorus was recorded in Spiti region. Among the biochemicals, the blood plasma concentration of total protein was significantly lower (p<0.01) in infertile cows of Spiti region as compared to other sampled tribal areas. Overall 69.30 per cent cows conceived after treatment different reproductive ailments in infertility treatment camps. Following gene sequencing, the single nucleotide polymorphism was located 2175 bp upstream of the start codon of FOXP3 which could affect the fertility of cows and heifers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Management of sub-estrus in cows of Himachal Pradesh.
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2019-08-19) Basir, Sadiya; Singh, Madhumeet
    The present study was conducted in Livestock Instructional Farm Complex and Teaching veterinary clinical complexof College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. Under this study, 50 apparently healthy silent estrus cows were screened for the presence of functionally active mature corpus luteum by Trans-rectal ultrasounonographic scanning. Equal and random distribution of these cows was done into 5 groups, viz. three hormonal treatments, one nutritional supplementation and one control groups. Ten cows in Group 1 (G1) received 500 mcg single mid-cycle injection of PGF2α (Cloprostenol) only. In Group 2 (G2), 10 cows which were initially treated with single mid-cycle injection of PGF2α for the lysis of CL were administered 10μg Buserelin acetate 72 hours later along with FTAI and repeat AI 24 hours thereafter. Group 3 (G3) cows were given single mid-cycle injection of PGF2α with subsequent administration of 1500 IU hCG 72 hours post induction along with FTAI, followed by repeat AI 24 hrs later. In Group 4 (G4), 10 cows were supplemented with 50 grams of mineral mixture, along with 10 ml To alternate days thrice and inseminated at observed estrus and in Group 5 (G5), 10 cows were maintained as untreated control group and did not undergo any treatment. These cows were inseminated at the observed estrus. The Incidence of silent estrus was recorded during clinico-gynaecological camps (n=89) conducted in different districts of Himachal Pradesh. Estrus induction rate of 100 per cent was recorded in G1, G2 and G3 cows, whereas, it was only 55.55 and 40.0 percent in G4 and G5 cows, respectively. Conception rate of 40.0, 45.5, 60.0, 40.0 and 25.0 per cent was recorded in G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively. Subsequently, 50.0, 80.0, 75.0, 66.66 and 0 percent of the non-pregnant cows displayed signs of heat during successive estrus in G1, G2, G3, G4, G2 and G5 cows, respectively. Mean ovulatory follicular diameter of induced estrus cows was recorded as 11.96±0.36 mm and did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from cows under spontaneous estrus group (12.06±0.73 mm). However, significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the mean ovulatory diameter of pregnant (12.86±0.52a) and non-pregnant (11.58±0.30b) cows.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL HELMINTH PARASITIC INFESTATION ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN BOVINES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Ankita Kumari; Singh, Madhumeet
    This study was planned to study the effect of gastro-intestinal parasitism on reproductive efficiency of bovines in Himachal Pradesh. The study was divided into two parts. Part one included the screening of gastro-intestinal parasites through coprological examination of cattle, buffaloes and yak crosses in different districts of Himachal Pradesh. Second part of study was conducting different treatment trials, in which total 100 cows confirmed for parasitic infestation by fecal examination were selected under different treatment groups out of which 80 were anestrus and 20 were without any reproductive ailment. Overall 53 cows were selected in University livestock farm and 47 were from field conditions around Palampur. Cows were divided into five groups viz. Fenbendazole treated (Group I; Farm; n=10, Field; n=10), mineral mixture supplemented (Group II; Farm; n=10, Field; n=10), Fenbendazole and mineral mixture supplementation in combination (Group III; Farm; n=12, Field; n=8), no treatment in positive cows (control I; Group IV; Farm; n=11, Field; n=9) and healthy cows without reproductive ailment (Control II; Group V; Farm; n=10, Field; n=10). Faecal examination was done for evaluation of parasitic load at pre and post stages of treatments, whereas, trans-rectal ultrasonography was done to understand follicular dynamics and ovarian response to various treatments followed by pregnancy diagnosis. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment for complete blood count and mineral estimation. In present study, incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites was 66.3, 50.0 and 46.3 per cent in cows, buffaloes and yak crosses, respectively, diagnosed with reproductive ailments. Highest incidence was reported in case of true anestrus animals. In case of treatment trial groups, maximum number of cows which showed return to estrus were those treated with de-wormer and mineral mixture, followed by dewormer and mineral mixture alone, respectively. Estrus induction rate was 50 per cent in Fenbendazole treated cows, whereas, it was 45.0, 60.0 and 15.0 per cent in mineral mixture supplemented, Fenbendazole and mineral mixture treated and control I group, respectively. Complete blood count parameters did not show any significant difference (P>0.05) under different treatment trials. Plasma concentration of inorganic Phosphorus showed significant increase (P<0.05) in animals treated with dewormer and mineral mixture. Plasma concentration of copper and magnesium showed significant increase (P<0.05) in animals treated with dewormer and mineral mixture, as well as animals treated with mineral mixture alone.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFERTILITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN FEMALE YAK HYBRIDS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Verma, Abhay; Singh, Madhumeet
    For the evaluation of various reproductive ailments in female yak hybrids, clinical camps were conducted in various tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. Overall, 150 female yak hybrids presented in camps were examined clinico-gynaecological. For analysis of mineral, hormonal and biochemical profile blood sampling was done for each animal. Cervico-vaginal discharge was collected in sterile vials from those female yak hybrids that were diagnosed to be suffering from endometritis, and were subjected for culture sensitivity test (CST). Questionnaire was prepared in accordance to reproductive and other basic parameters that were completed by the field staff and owners during various camps. In the present study, out of 170 clinical conditions diagnosed in 150 animals, the highest incidence was recorded for anestrus (34.70%) followed by miscellaneous reproductive disorders (ROP and Prolapse 11.76%), endometritis (9.41%) and cervical pathologies (1.17%). Whereas, 42.94 per cent yak crosses were found normal and out of them 41.17 per cent were either pregnant or had calved recently and 1.76 per cent were found in estrus at the time of examination. In endometritic, yak crosses, the highest sensitivity was recorded for Marbofloxacin (100%), followed by Ceftriaxone (75.0%). Metronidazole was resistant in all the animals followed by amoxicillin (75.0%). There was no significant difference in minerals, hormones and biochemical parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant female yak hybrids. The overall post-treatment recovery rate was 65.95 per cent following treatment in clinical camps. A significant difference was evident between ipsilateral and contralateral middle uterine artery’s Pulsatility Index, Resistance Index and Blood Flow Volume (TAMEAN basis) in pregnant female yak hybrid.