Investigation and management of infertility in cows reared in tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh
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Date
2021-09-09
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Palampur
Abstract
The present study was conducted on 664 cows affected with different forms of
infertility and reared in tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. Blood samples were collected
from cows diagnosed reproductive abnormalities for minerals, hormones, biochemical
estimation and DNA isolation and gene sequencing. In addition to that faecal and cervicovaginal discharge samples were collected to determine the endoparasitic load and in vitro
antibiotic sensitivity of the cows, respectively. The objectives of current study were to
document the infertility problems and evaluate the effect of various treatments for its
management in cows of tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh.
In present study, functional form of infertility had the highest prevalence in cows
followed by infectious and anatomical causes. Forty seven per cent incidence of gastrointestinal infestation was recorded in faecal samples of cows. Among the different
physiological and pathological conditions, anestrus cows had the highest incidence (22%)
for parasitic load. After in vitro culture sensitivity test, fluoroquinolone group
(Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin) were recorded as the most
sensitive antibiotics whereas metronidazole (91.2%) was most resistant. Also, blood
plasma concentration of calcium in infertile cows of Kinnaur was significantly higher
(p<0.01) as compared to other sampled tribal areas whereas the significantly higher
(p<0.05) plasma concentration of phosphorus was recorded in Spiti region. Among the
biochemicals, the blood plasma concentration of total protein was significantly lower
(p<0.01) in infertile cows of Spiti region as compared to other sampled tribal areas. Overall
69.30 per cent cows conceived after treatment different reproductive ailments in infertility
treatment camps. Following gene sequencing, the single nucleotide polymorphism was
located 2175 bp upstream of the start codon of FOXP3 which could affect the fertility of
cows and heifers.