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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of pinoxaden in combination with 2, 4-D against complex weed flora in barley(CCSHAU, 2010) Sunil Kumar; Bhattoo, M.S.A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2008-09 at Cotton Research Station, Sirsa of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the efficacy of pinoxaden as tank mixture or sequential application with broad leaf herbicide 2, 4-D for controlling the complex weed flora in barley. All the weed control treatments effectively controlled the weeds and gave significantly higher grain yield than the weedy check. Post-emergence application of pinoxaden at 40, 45 and 50 g ha-1 alone provided excellent control of P.minor Retz. and A. ludoviciana Dur., whereas 2, 4-D at 500 g ha-1 proved very effective against all broadleaf weeds. Application of pinoxaden 40, 45 and 50 g ha-1 and 2, 4-D either as tank mixture or their application in sequence before or after one week interval effectively controlled the complex weed flora without any phytotoxic effect on crop and produced grain yield of barley equal to weed free treatment. No antagonism between pinoxaden and 2, 4-D was observed as shown by percent control of grassy weeds.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of mungbean cultivars under different resource conservation techniques(CCSHAU, 2010) Saini, Lokesh Kumar; Rajender KumarThe field experiment entitled, “Performance of mungbean cultivars under different resource conservation techniques” was conducted at KVK Farm, Faridabad, during kharif season of 2009-10. The main plot treatments consisted of four resource conservation techniques (RCTs) viz. furrow irrigated raised bed system (FIRBS), conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT) 5% wheat residue (WR) and ZT 30% WR; and five cultivars MH-124, MH-125, MH-318, MH-421 and Satya were kept in sub-plots making twenty combinations which were tested in split plot design with three replications. Different RCTs had considerable impact on growth, yield attributes and yield of mungbean and also on nutrient content and uptake by the crop. FIRBS resulted into better growth and yield of all mungbean cultivars. Maximum growth and net return were also obtained under FIRBS but B: C ratio was higher under ZT 5% WR. NPK and protein content and uptake by various mungbean cultivars were also higher under FIRBS. However, at crop harvest, available NPK in the soil were more under ZT 30% WR. Among five mungbean cultivars, MH-125 attained more growth and resulted into higher grain yield (909 kg ha-1) closely followed by MH-124 (865 kg ha-1) and Satya (809 kg ha-1). N, P and protein content were also higher in MH-125 but K content was more in MH-124. MH-125 resulted into maximum net return (Rs. 21954 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.9). Thus, MH-125 grown under FIRBS was the most suited cultivar for higher and economic yield.ThesisItem Open Access Germination, emergence and growth behaviour of Medicago denticulata, vicia sativa, convolvulus arvensis and lathyrus aphaca(CCSHAU, 2010) Archana Kumar; Anil KumarLaboratory and screen house experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature, salinity, osmotic potential, light/dark periods, seeding depth and flooding on germination and emergence of M. denticulata, V. sativa, C. arvensis and L. aphaca. Maximum germination of M. denticulata (61%), C. arvensis (41%) and L. aphaca (91%) recorded at 20OC whereas V. sativa (78%) germination was maximum at 15 OC. Root length and shoot length was maximum at 15OC for all the four weeds except C. arvensis for which maximum root length was recorded at 20OC. With decrease and increase from optimum temperature decrease in germination was noted. Germination in all the four weed species was maximum with distilled water. M. denticulata germination (15%) took place up to the conc. of 100 mM NaCl, whereas, V. sativa (5%), C. arvensis (20%) and L. aphaca (55%) germinated even at 200 mM NaCl conc. L. aphaca was most tolerant to salinity among the four weed species under study. The effect of osmotic potential on germination was declining in nature, as the osmotic potential was lowered from 0 to -0.8 MPa the germination decreased drastically. The osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa reduced the germination of M. denticulata, V. sativa and C. arvensis to zero while L. aphaca germination reduced to 3%. Light was not prerequisite for the germination of any of the four weed species because there was no significant difference in germination, root growth and shoot growth under different levels of light exposure. Optimum depth for the germination of M. denticulata, V.sativa, C. arvensis and L. aphaca was 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 and 1.0 cm respectively where corresponding germination was 61, 69, 40 and 79%. Reduction in germination and growth was recorded with increase and decrease from optimum depth. V. sativa and L. aphaca germinated even from a depth of 8.0 cm. M. denticulata was very sensitive to flooding; even a flooding of 5 days completely restricted the germination of M. denticulata. V. sativa and C. arvensis tolerated 20 days of flooding and then germination took place, whereas L. aphaca germinated (17%) even after 40 days of flooding and 2% after 80 days of flooding.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of some herbicides in clusterbean and their persistence(CCSHAU, 2010) Kuldeep Singh; Rinwa, R.S.An experiment was carried out under field and lab. /Screen house conditions at CCS HAU Hisar. In the field, efficiency of different weed control treatments in clusterbean during kharif season of 2009-10 and their carryover effect on mustard crop was analyzed. Among different rates of imazethapyr, pendimethalin, trifluralin, pyrithiobac-sod and 2 HW weedings at 15 & 30 DAS, imazethapyr 80, 100 g/ha PRE and 100 g/ha 20 DAS resulted in significantly higher yield, but imazethapyr 100 g/ha PRE and POST had residue problems for mustard crop. So, imazethapyr 80 g/ha PRE may be used without much residue problems in the next cropping season for mustard. Also pendimethalin/trifluralin 1.0 kg/ha PRE/PPI followed by 1 HW 20 DAS and 2 HW at 15 & 30 DAS were found equally effective in controlling weeds and yield optimization of clusterbean. In lab/screen house study, persistence of trifluralin and imazethapyr affected by different temperature and moisture regime, using bioassay technique was quantified. Bioassay plants for trifluralin and imazethapyr were oat and mustard, respectively. Soils treated with above herbicides at different rates were incubated to 15, 25, 35 and 45OC temperature regimes in incubator and moisture incubations at 50%, 75% FC and FC at room temperature for one month. Persistence of herbicides affected by temperature and moisture regimes at different herbicide rates was measured by comparing the germination, shoot and root growth, fresh and dry weight to control treatment, at different intervals. Among given regimes of temperature and moisture, trifluralin degradation was maximum at 25OC and FC whereas, maximum degradation of imazethapyr was recorded between 35OC and 45OC and at 75 % FC.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of post emergence herbicides in chickpea(CCSHAU, 2010) Khope, Dinesh Sahebrao; Satish KumarThe field experiment entitled “Evaluation of post emergence herbicides in chickpea” was conducted at Pulses Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi season of 2008-09. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replication having thirteen weed control treatments (weedy, weed free, two hand weeding, quizalofop @ 40 and 50 g/ha, imazethapyr @ 25 and 40 g/ha and chlorimuron-ethyl @ 4 g/ha applied at 20 and 30 DAS). The highest grain yield was obtained in weed free treatment followed by two hand weeding. Weedy condition resulted in -68 and -65 per cent reduction in chickpea yield as compared to weed free and two hand weedings. Quizalofop @ 50 g/ha applied at 30 DAS produced the maximum grain yield. The dominant weeed flora was Chenopodium album, Fumaria parviflora and Phalaris minor. Quizalofop was found effective in controlling Phalaris minor, whereas, imazethapyr controlled Chenopodium album and fumaria parviflora. Imazethapyr was found phytotoxic to chickpea plants to the 40 to 60 per cent, which later on vanished 90 DAS. Chlorimuron-ethyl was phytotoxic to chickpea crop and its application resulted in mortality of chickpea crop that’s why it recorded the lowest values of all the parameter of crop growth. Chickpea crop under weed free condition removed the highest N, P and K followed by two hand weeding and quizalofop applied @ 50 g/ha at 30 DAS, whereas, maximum uptake of these nutrients by weeds was found in weedy treatment. No residual effect of these herbicides on succeeding sorghum and mung bean crop was observed. Two hand weeding treatment was the most economical treatment in terms of net return.ThesisItem Open Access Nitrogen management in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.)(CCSHAU, 2010) Rathod, Kishore S.; Dahiya, S. S.The field experiment entitled, “Nitrogen management in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.)” was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during kharif season of 2009. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 17 treatments replicated thrice. The entire set of treatments were divided into four different sets with different dose and time of nitrogen application which consisted of four nitrogen levels viz., 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg/ha applied full as a basal dose at sowing, half at sowing and half at 50 days after sowing, half at sowing and half at 80 days after sowing and Rhizobium inoculation to seed alone and in combination with 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha levels of nitrogen applied at sowing, respectively, in addition to control. Application of nitrogen increased the yield attributes as well as seed and straw yield of soybean upto 80 kg N/ha. Although slightly higher yield were obtained with top dressing of nitrogen at 50 DAS but statistically remained unaffected by time of N application. A substantial increase in yield was observed with Rhizobium inoculation treatment, irrespective of varying nitrogen levels over no inoculation. However, application of an initial basal dose of 60 kg N/ha coupled with seed inoculation gave significantly higher yield attributes, seed yield and protein content than its application alone due to increase in plant height, number and dry weight of nodules per plant, better development and higher dry matter accumulation and its subsequent translocation to the seed. The net monetary returns and benefit: cost ratio was also higher than all other treatments. Combined application of nitrogen along with inoculation recorded significantly higher NPK content and uptake at all the levels of nitrogen. The nitrogen use efficiency was found to decrease with increasing levels of nitrogen and recorded highest with 20 kg N/ha. The optimum dose of nitrogen for soybean crop was calculated by fitting quadratic response curve (y = 1405 + (200.6)x – (20.7)x2), (r2 = 0.77) as 93.5 and 98.3 kg N/ha economic and physical optimum, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of clusterbean cultivars under different resource conservation techniques(CCSHAU, 2010) Pardeep Kumar; Yadav, V.K.The field experiment entitled, “Performance of clusterbean cultivars under different resource conservation techniques” was conducted at Research Farm of CCS HAU Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari), during kharif season of 2009-10. The main plot treatments consisted of four resource conservation techniques (RCTs) viz. conventional tillage (CT), furrow irrigated raised bed system (FIRBS), zero tillage (ZT) with 5% wheat residue (WR) and ZT with 30% WR; and three cultivars HG 563, HG 365 and HG 2-20 were kept in sub-plots making twelve treatment combinations which were tested in split plot design with three replications. Different RCTs had significant impact on growth, yield attributes and yield of clusterbean and also on nutrient uptake by the crop. ZT 30% WR resulted into better growth and yield of all clusterbean cultivars. Maximum gross return was under ZT 30% WR, however, net return ( 24630 ha-1) and B: C ratio (3.17) was higher under ZT 5% WR. N, P and K uptake by various clusterbean cultivars was higher in HG 2-20. At crop harvest, available N, P and K content in the soil was more under ZT 30% WR. Among three clusterbean cultivars, HG 2-20 attained more growth and resulted into higher grain yield (1532 kg ha-1) closely followed by HG 563 (1419 kg ha-1) and HG 365 (1208 kg ha-1). Protein and gum yields were also higher in HG 2-20. HG 2-20 resulted into maximum net return ( 21997 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.07). Thus, HG 2-20 coupled with ZT 5% WR was adjudged the most suited treatment combination for higher and economic yield. However, ZT 30% WR is expected to be remunerative and sustainable on long-term basis provided farmers can afford to retain at least 30% of previous crop residue on soil surface.ThesisItem Open Access Response of pearlmillet-wheat cropping system to various sources of nutrients in terms of growth, yield and nutrient uptake(CCSHAU, 2010) Amit Kumar; Pawan KumarThe field experiment entitled, “Response of pearlmillet-wheat cropping system to various sources of nutrients in terms of growth, yield and nutrient uptake” was conducted during the year 2009-10 at Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India). The experiment consisting of twelve treatments was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. In pearlmillet crop treatment T6 (50% RD-NPK + 50% N through FYM in pearl millet and 100% RD-NPK in wheat) exhibited highest growth characters. Yield contributing characters were also recorded highest in treatment T6. Grain, straw and biological yields of pearlmillet increased with progressive increase in inorganic fertilizer dose. In pearlmillet-wheat cropping sequence total NPK uptake by pearlmillet was higher in integrated nutrient management treatments as compared to inorganic fertilizer treatments. In wheat crop, treatment T6 recorded highest growth characters. Yield contributing characters were also recorded highest in treatment T6. Highest net returns and B : C were obtained in treatment T6 closely followed by T10 (50% RD-NPK + 50% N through Green Manure in pearl millet and 100% RD-NPK in wheat). The microbial counts and establishment (Azotobacter, phosphate solubliser, Azospirillum and total bacteria) of the soil improved in the treatments where integrated nutrient fertilizer was applied as compared to chemical fertilizer treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Bt. Cotton under different spacings and nutrient levels(2011) Jat, Ramdhan; Nanwal, R.K.A study entitled, “Performance of Bt. Cotton under different spacings and nutrient levels ”, was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif 2010. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture and slightly high in pH. Soil tested low in organic carbon and available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The combination of three spacings (100x40 cm, 100 x 50 cm and 100 x 60 cm),two time of N fertilizer application viz., T1 :50 per cent at flowering and 50 per cent at square formation, T2: 25 per cent as basal, 37.5 per cent at flowering and 37.5 per cent at square formation, were kept in main plots while three nutrient levels viz., F1 131.2: 45: 45 NPK (Kg/ha), F2 175.0:60:60 NPK (Kg/ha), F3 218.7: 75: 75 NPK (Kg/ha), were kept in subplots. Maximum plant height was recorded at closer spacing of 100x 40 cm. Maximum sympods per plant were recorded in wider spacing (100 x 60 cm) which were significantly higher than closer spacing (100 x 40 cm and 100 x50 cm). Seed cotton yield (Kg/ha) was highest in closer spacing (100 x 40 cm). Maximum oil content (%) and protein content (%) was recorded in cotton seed in wider spacing (100 x 60 cm) which were significantly higher than closer spacings (100 x 40 cm and 100 x50 cm). Available N, P and K in soil after harvesting of crop were significantly differs with respect to plant spacing, time of N application and nutrient levels. Spacing 100 x 40 cm and 100 x 50 cm resulted in higher total cost of cultivation, gross returns and net returns than 100 x 60 cm with 100 per cent and 125 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers Benefit: cost ratio was significantly better in spacing 100 x 40 cm and 100 x 50 cm with 100 per cent and 125 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers with three split doses of N fertilizer.