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ThesisItem Open Access Abundance, foraging behaviour and pollination efficiency of major insect pollinators on carrot (Daucus carota L.) seed crop(CCSHAU, 2014) Nachhatar Singh; Sharma, S.K.A total of thirty three insect species belonging to sixteen families of six orders were recorded from the carrot flowers, in which, eleven belong to order Lepidoptera, twelve belongs to Hymenoptera, six belong to Diptera, three belong to Coleoptera and one belongs to Odonata. Among the insect pollinators, A. florea, A. cerana indica, A. mellifera and A. dorsata were the most frequent pollinators. At initiation of flowering stage, among different bee species, the maximum mean population was observed in case of Apis florea (5.33 bees/m2/5 min) followed by A. mellifera (3.83 bees/m2/5 min) and A. dorsata (2.41 bees/m2/5 min), whereas, least abundance was observed in case of A. cerana indica, i.e., 1.83 bees/m2/5 min. At peak flowering stage, among different bee species, the maximum mean population was observed in case of Apis florea (5.83 bees/m2/5 min) followed by A. mellifera (4.36 bees/m2/ 5min) and A. dorsata (2.74 bees/m2/5 min), whereas, least abundance was observed in case of A. cerana indica, i.e., 2.21 bees/m2/5 min. At cessation of flowering, among different bee species the maximum mean population was observed in case of Apis florea (5.69 bees/m2/5 min) followed by A. mellifera (4.31 bees/m2/5 min) and A. dorsata (2.57 bees/m2/5 min), whereas, the least abundance was observed in case of A. cerana, i.e., 1.98 bees/m2/5 min. Among different Apis species, A. florea spent maximum time (4.87 sec/umbelet) followed by A. mellifera (1.90 sec/umbelet) and A. cerana (1.16 sec/umbelet). Least time per umbelet was recorded in case of A. dorsata i.e. 0.94 sec. Among different bees A. dorsata visited the highest number of umbelets (19.17 umbelets/min) followed by A. mellifera (15.32 umbelets/min) and A. cerana (10.07 umbelets/min). Apis florea visited the least number of umbelets/min (7.89 umbelets/min). It was observed that A. mellifera was the most efficient pollinator followed by A. dorsata, A. florea and A. cerana on carrot cv. Hisar Gairic flowers under agro-ecological conditions of Hisar (Haryana). The yield per plant, yield per m2 area, test weight and germination percentage in case of open pollination were 11.11 g, 61.38 g, 4.14 g and 80.00% respectively, whereas, in case of without insect pollination, it was 4.63 g, 25.06 g, 3.17 g and 53.29% and in case of Hand Pollination 8.36 g, 46.29 g, 3.66 g, 66.57% respectively, which is significantly higher in case of open pollination.ThesisItem Open Access Academic motivation and Social Intelligence among Adolescents: A Relationship Study(CCSHAU, 2015) Reena; Dhanda, BimlaThe study was conducted on academic motivation of adolescents that is an important factor for academic achievement and can be viewed as self determination to succeed . These adolescents were selected from six government schools from three block of district Panipat of state Haryana purposively. A total of 150 boys and 150 girls between age group of 13 to 14 years were selected randomly from each blocks. Results indicated that majority of respondents were from nuclear family and having three or more siblings. with parents educated up to middle level for the reason fathers were engaged in labourer occupation and mother in household work and earning Rs.5,000 to 10,000/month. Majority of the respondents were having average level of academic motivation and social intelligence. Block wise comparison, significant difference was found in their academic motivation. There was positive correlation between aspects of academic motivation and social intelligence among both boys and girls that indicates that with increase in social intelligence, the students were also academically motivated. The association of academic motivation with family type and family size was significant. This indicated that the member of respondents in high category of academic motivation was significantly higher in nuclear family than in joint families.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptation of Canvas Embroidery Motifs for Fabric Painting(CCSHAU, 2016) Kavita; Vivek SinghThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to explore the possibility of adaptation of canvas embroidery motifs for fabric painting. Forty five canvas embroidery motifs were collected personally from secondary sources like books, journals, and internet. The collected motifs were screened and categorized as geometrical, floral, and animal & bird motifs by advisory committee keeping in mind their suitability for fabric painting on kurti. These three categories included ten motifs each. These motifs were assessed by experts for their selection. Top ranked three motifs in each category were selected by experts for further research work. Maximum number of collected motifs were geometrical motifs followed by floral motifs. A total of forty five designs were created using nine selected motifs with the help of CorelDRAW software. Top ranked four designs were selected by experts by using a preferential choice index for design placements and colour ways. A total of eight kurti, four embroidered and four fabric painted were developed as per the selected designs, their placements and colour ways. Developed kurti were assessed by thirty consumers for their acceptability level on various parameters. Design number 4 and 44 were highly acceptable designs while design number 29 and 30 were acceptable designs. Created designs and fabric painting technique were highly acceptable parameters while design placement, colour ways and embroidery technique were acceptable parameters of all the designs by consumers. In terms of overall appearance, painted kurti of design number 4 was ranked Ist followed by embroidered kurti of same design ranked IInd and painted kurti of design number 44 got IIIrd rank. Cost of all the developed kurti was considered ‘appropriate but comparatively more number of consumers rated the cost of fabric painted kurti as ‘appropriate’. Consumers had high opinion about all the designs of developed embroidered and painted kurti except one painted kurti of design number 30 (2.32) as they strongly agreed with all the opinion statements with average scores ranging between 2.34 to 2.55. Experts had high opinion regarding adaptation of canvas embroidery motifs for fabric painting as they strongly opined that fabric painting was time saving and cost effective surface embellishment technique as per market trend. It was easy in execution and has effectively replicated the effect of canvas embroidery to maintain its beauty with WMS ranging between 2.34- 3.00. Thus, transformation of innovative designs of canvas embroidery into fabric painting has enhanced the range of designing and productivity.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptation of chikankari embroidery motifs for fabric painting(CCSHAU, 2016) Sushila; Yadav, SarojThe present study was conducted for adaptation of Chikankari embroidery motifs for fabric painting. Fifty five traditional motifs of Chikankari embroidery were collected from primary and secondary sources i.e. market, books, journals and internet. Out of collected fifty five motifs, fifteen motifs were selected to develop designs for kurti. The selected fifteen motifs were converted into designs by all possible combinations of different motifs hence a total 48 designs were developed using corel DRAW-9 software. Top ranked four designs i.e. design number 2, 5, 7 and 44 were selected for placement on kurti. Three placements of each design were developed, hence a total of 12 placements were prepared. as per the preferences of experts organdie fabric of pastel yellow colour was used for development of kurti. Twelve colourways, three of each selected design were prepared using three colour schemes i.e. triad, analogous and split complementary as per their becomingness with colour of fabric. Most preferred one colourway of each selected design was used for development of kurti. The preferred colourways were colourway II (analogous) of design number 2 and 7, colourway I (triadic) of design number 5 and colourway III (split complementary) of design number 44. Highly preferred four placements i.e. one of each design were worked in embroidery and fabric painting for development of kurti. Finaly eight kurti were developed i.e. four with embroidery and four with fabric painting. The developed kurti were got assessed by consumers on different parameters. On the basis of consumers preferences embroidered kurti with design number 7 and 44 were found very appealing for their overall appearance whereas kurti with design number 2 and 5 were found appealing. In case of fabric painting kurti with design number 2, 5 and 44 were found very appealing followed by kurti with design number 7 which was found appealing. Cost of all the kurti was rated as appropriate by majority of the consumers. Consumers had very high opinion about the developed embroidered and painted kurti in relation to suitability and appropriateness of designs for embroidery and fabric painting, techniques used are as per trend and the developed designs maintain the beauty of embroidery through fabric painting, placement of designs are unique and proportionate to the kurti and colour schemes used are attractive.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptation of traditional embroidery designs for fabric painting on jacket(2011) Saroj Devi; Punia, ParveenThe study was conducted for adaptation of traditional embroidery designs for fabric painting on jacket. The information was gathered from thirty shops for contemporary use of motifs, categories of motifs and other techniques adapted for traditional embroideries. The maximum no. of floral motifs of Chikankari, Phulkari, Kashida & Kathiawar embroidery were in contemporary use which were mainly worked in machine embroidery except the Kantha embroidery. Out of collected embroideries through market survey, one embroidery that is Kantha was selected. Fifty motifs of selected embroidery were collected from primary and secondary sources. Out of these, fifteen motifs were selected to develop stylized designs for jacket. Fifteen stylized designs were developed and five possible placements of each design were prepared with the help of coral draw. The top ranked designs ware selected. Thee top ranked placement of each selected design was worked in Kantha embroidery and replicated in fabric painting for making the jacket. Finally six jackets were developed. On the basis of assessment of developed jackets on different parameters, Jacket no.4 with design no.9 worked in fabric painting was ranked first followed by jacket no.1 with same design worked in embroidery. Jacket no. 5 with design no. 13 worked in fabric painting was ranked III. The preferred reason given by the experts preferences were ‘placement and colour combination’ and ‘suitability of developed designs’ for both techniques. The opinion of experts was ‘the most favourable’ about the developed designs, placements, size, shape, colour combination and embellishment techniques. The cost of developed jackets with both techniques was felt as ‘appropriate’ by most of the experts. Five days training of both techniques that is painting and embroidery was imparted to the Fine Arts students of Fatehachand College, Hisar and knowledge acquisition regarding techniques used was calculated. It was found to be very effective as there was significant gain in knowledge on various aspects of techniques at 5 per cent level of significance.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptation of traditional painting motifs for Aari work(CCSHAU, 2015) Sodhi, Suman; Arya, NishaThe present study on ‘Adaptation of Traditional Painting Motifs for Aari Work’ was conducted to strengthen creativity by exploring the possibility of fusion of traditional painting motifs and Aari work with different fabric embellishment techniques. The concept behind the theme was to create new range of textile designs by maintaining the beauty and originality of traditional paintings as well as Aari work. In this study, two famous traditional Indian paintings that is Madhubani and Warli were selected keeping in mind their suitability to Aari work. Out of total eighty motifs which were collected through secondary sources, thirty motifs were selected by experts’ preferences for development of designs. Two designs for each selected motif of both the paintings were developed using CAD. Six designs i.e. 22a, 21b and 35a from Madhubani painting and 24b.10b and 9a were selected on the basis of experts’ preferences. Twenty four samples were prepared using three fabric embellishment techniques i.e. hand painting with Aari work, hand painting & patch with Aari work and stencil printing with Aari work and controlled sample of pure Aari work for Madhubani and Warli painting designs. The prepared samples were got assessed by the experts and consumers in overall appeal, cost acceptability and suitability of designs and techniques used. It was found that the respondents had very high opinion about the developed designs and techniques. The cost of prepared samples of Madhubani and Warli painting was highly acceptable by the majority of the respondents. The work done in the form of prepared samples was appreciated and preferred for application on wide range of articles. Thus, the motifs explored from Madhubani and Warli paintings were highly acceptable for product development as variety of designs can be created through the use of CAD technology. Fusion of traditional art forms with different techniques will help in making the designing cost effective while simultaneously being time and energy saving.ThesisItem Open Access Adaption of traditional motifs of Gujarat to digital embroidery(CCSHAU, 2015) Sapra, Kiran; Rose, Neelam M.Designing textile is an ancient craft in India which is one of the most demanding fields as it is full of scope of creativity. There is a great need to revive the traditional records of textiles by giving captivity grandeur to the Indian textile pieces by introducing innovative designs. Exploring new design elements from our rich cultural heritage is a step in this direction. Keeping in mind these points, the present study was conducted to adapt traditional Gujarat motifs on bed covers through digital embroidery technique. Traditional motifs of Kutch region of Gujarat were collected from secondary sources and classified into four categories i.e. geometrical, floral and foliage, animal and bird and boarder motifs. The collected motifs were shown to the experts to sought their preferences. Four top preferred motifs from each category were selected and thirty three designs were developed in CorelDRAW software using selected sixteen motifs. Five top preferred designs were selected for placements of designs on bed covers. The base colour and fabric for bed covers were selected as per preferences of experts. Twenty five developed design placements were again shown to the experts and one best design placement of each design was selected for development of colour ways. Three colour ways of selected five design placements were prepared and colour way that secured I st rank was selected for each design placement for development of bed covers through digital embroidery technique. The cost of each bed cover was determined by adding the cost of fabric, design punching, embroidery and finishing charges. The digital embroidered bed covers were evaluated for consumers acceptability on different parameters. Medium weight cotton fabric in beige colour with medium intensity was most preferred for bed covers. Sixteen motifs selected for design development out of eighty four motifs were motif no. 1, 7, 8 and 12 in geometrical category, motif no. 1, 11, 12 and 16 in floral and foliage category, motif no. 6, 10, 11 and 20 in animal and bird category and motif no. 8, 10, 15 and16 in boarder category. Design no. 7, 9, 11, 25 and 30 were five top preferred designs. Preferences of respondents for placement of selected five designs were placement III of design no.7, 9 and 30, placement I of design no. 11 and placement II of design no. 25. Colour ways preferred most by the respondents for embroidery were colour way III of design no. 7 and 11, colour way II of design no. 9 and colour way I of design no. 25 and 30. Five bed covers were developed through digital embroidery as per preferred placements and colour ways of selected designs. All the developed bed covers were found very appealing and accepted by consumers for suitability of digital embroidery technique in design development. The cost of the bed covers rated appropriate by half of respondents. Thus, traditional Gujarat motifs adapted for designing the bed covers using digital embroidery has broaden the design base for textile products.ThesisItem Open Access Adolescents problems from rural and urban single parent families(CCSHAU, 2007) Kavita Devi; Duhan, KrishnaPresent study was carried out with the aim to assess the existing problems of adolescents from single parent families, to compare the adolescents problems and urban single parent families and to delineate the ecological factors affecting adolescents problems. The study was carried out in randomly selected Hisar district of Haryana state. City area of the selected district was taken purposively to have urban respondents. From the selected district two villages were selected randomly. A sample of 120 adolescents (15-19 years) was drawn purposively from the selected senior secondary schools of rural and urban city areas. Data were collected personally with the help of self developed questionnaire on social, economic, emotional and family relationship problems faced by adolescents in single parent families. The results revealed that most of the adolescents were female, belonged to nuclear families and were from low income families. More than half of the respondent’s parents availed benefits of any government scheme. Most of the parents adopted authoritative parental discipline technique. Results revealed that most of the adolescents faced medium and high level of various problems. The rural respondents faced higher level of problems as compared to urban respondents. Comparative analysis of results revealed no significant difference between rural and urban respondents. It was found that female respondents faced higher level of social, emotional and family relationship problems as compared to male respondents. The microsystems variables i.e. sex, landholding, income, adolescent’s relation with grandparents and activities at school were found significantly associated with social, economic and emotional problems of adolescents. The mesosystem variables such as occupation of parents also reported significant association with economic and emotional problems of adolescents. Exosystem variables such as parent’s take benefit of any government scheme, development facilities at school and surrounding community also reported significant association with social and economic problems. The macrosystem of children also influenced their social, economic and emotional problems.ThesisItem Open Access Adoption feasibility of lemon based preserved products in rural Haryana(CCSHAU, 2009) Punia, Anusha; Goel, RitaThe study was conducted in Haryana state of Hisar district by selecting two blocks randomly namely Hisar-I and Hansi-I and by selecting two villages from each of the selected block at random. Thus, Ladwa and Mirka villages from Hisar-I, Dhanderi and Sultanpur from Hansi-I block were selected. A sample of 200 rural women were selected at random to assess pre-exposure knowledge, attitude, awareness and utilization of lemon products among rural women and for intervention programme 100 rural women were taken. The data were collected by the researcher with the help of duly pre-tested interview schedule. Intervention programme was designed for selected four lemon based preserved products for 100 rural women. All of the respondent covered under intervention programme obtained only 19.5 per cent in ingredients and 21.6 per cent scores in steps in sweet lemon pickle at pre-exposure stage. But at post-exposure stage, respondents obtained maximum scores 86.2 per cent in ingredients used in lemon squash and 93.0 per cent in steps taken in lemon pickle in oil and lemon rind pickle. Maximum knowledge gain in ingredients was observed in lemon squash (84.2%). About steps, maximum knowledge gain was observed in lemon squash (88.3%). At pre-exposure stage, majority of respondents (55.0%) had neutral attitude while at post-exposure stage, 63.0 per cent of respondents acquired favourable attitude towards lemon products. Adoption feasibility of lemon products was found to be the highest in triability (88.0%) followed by simplicity/complexity (87.4%), physical compatibility (81.2%), cultural compatibility (80.0%) and relative advantage (79.8%). The most frequently perceived constraint for adoption of lemon products were marketing problem (81.0%) followed by lack of credit facility (53.0%), lack of confidence (50.0%), non-recognition by family (43.0%), lack of personal interest (31.0%), non-recognition by society (14.0%) and non-availability of the lemons (1.0%).ThesisItem Open Access Adoption level of package of practices in guava orchards of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2012) Kamaljit; Sultan SinghThe present investigation entitled ‘’Adoption level of package of practices in guava orchards of Haryana”, was carried out in the blocks of Hisar, Sirsa and Fatehabad districts during the year 2011- 12. A total number of 20 farmers were selected for purpose of this research. An interview schedule was developed on the basis of recommended package of practices for guava production. The adoption score of the farmers ranged from 12 to 34 out of maximum score of 40. The mean adoption score was moderate (22.1). The adoption level of orchard planning, time of planting, planting distance, land preparation and training and pruning practices was comparatively high. Important practices like drip irrigation (37.5%), plant protection measures (47.5%), weed control (42.5%) and intercropping (42.5%) had very low adoption level. The maximum adoption gap was observed in planting of wind break , post harvest treatment and fruit packaging. The fruit yield and no. of fruit/ plant were maximum with higher adoption levels . The nutrient status in soil and plant had positive but non significant effect with adoption of package of practices . The farmers who had higher adoption level of package of practices, were able to get maximum gross income, benefit and benefit cost ratio. The most serious constraint threatening the guava cultivation was guava wilt and fruit fly.ThesisItem Open Access Adoption level of package of practices in kinnow orchards of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2011) Gora, Jagan Singh; Sultan SinghThe present investigation entitled Adoption level of package of practices of kinnow orchards of Haryana , was carried out in the blocks of Hisar, Sirsa and Fatehabad districts during the year 2010- 11. A total number of 20 farmers were selected for purpose of investigation. An interview schedule was developed on the basis of recommended package of practices for kinnow production. The adoption score of the farmers ranged from 11 to 32 out of maximum score of 40. The mean adoption score was moderate (21.65). The adoption level of time of planting, planting distance, land preparation and training and pruning practices was comparatively high. Important practices like drip irrigation (40%), plant protection measures (45%), weed control (45%) and intercropping (45%) had very low adoption level. The maximum adoption gap was observed in planting of wind break , post harvest treatment and fruit packaging. The fruit yield and quality were maximum with higher adoption levels . The nutrient status in soil had positive but non significant effect with adoption of package of practices whereas in plant, the nutrient status was significant with adoption level. With higher adoption level of package of practices, the farmers were able to get maximum gross income, benefit and benefit cost ratio. The most serious constraint hampering the kinnow production was citrus decline.ThesisItem Open Access Adsorption and desorption of heavy metals in soil varying in organic carbon(CCSHAU, 2009) Kamini; Balwan SinghA laboratory experiment was conducted to study the adsorption and desorption of heavy metals in soils varying in levels of organic carbon. Four metals Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb were chosen which are most effective in critical concentrations for plant growth. Soil samples were collected from different plots from on going long term field experiment on, “Effect of FYM and fertilizer nitrogen application in pearl millet – wheat cropping sequence” at soil Research Farm, CCS HAU, Hisar since 1967, receiving different levels of FYM. Collected soil samples from all the plots were analyzed for their organic carbon content. From these 10 samples with graded levels of organic carbon were chosen for the present study. The levels of organic carbon of these samples were: 0.3%, 0.45%, 0.93%, 1.23%, 1.5%, 1.65%, 1.8% 1.92%, 2.19% and 2.28%.Equilibration time was determined by taking soil sample having about 2% organic carbon level and treating it with 50 μg/cm3 concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb) in 0.005MCaCl2 electrolyte solution and shaking it up to 24 hours. A constant adsorption was achieved after 4 hours of shaking time for all metals. Hence 4 hours shaking time was adopted for further adsorption studies Adsorption percentage and distribution coefficient increased with increase in organic carbon levels in soil. Adsorption percentage and distribution coefficient were maximum for Pb followed by Cd, Ni, and Cr. A linear relation between metal adsorbed and levels of organic carbon in soil (R2 value for all 4 metals ranged from 0.8170 to 0.9876) was found for all the metals up to the concentrations taken in this study. Adsorption percentage and distribution coefficient of all metals decreased with increase in metal concentration at all organic carbon levels. Freundlich constants K and n increased with increase in organic carbon contents of soils. Langmuir constants; adsorption maxima (B) and bonding energy (D) also increased with increase in levels of organic carbon in soil. The highest value of B was observed for Ni followed by Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest value of D among metals was observed for Cr followed by Cd, Pb and Ni. The adsorption data were fitted very well to the Freundlich equations than to Langmuir equation and gave highly significant R2 values ranging from 0.9759 to 0.9990 for Freundlich equation. The desorption of adsorbed metals by 0.005M CaCl2 electrolyte solution was low at lowest concentration of metals but increased with increasing concentration of metals in soils. Desorption (per cent of adsorbed) decreased with increase in organic carbon levels in soil at all concentrations. The order of desorption (%), (of adsorbed) was Pb < Cr < Ni < Cd. Desorption of all metals as least in the soil with highest organic carbon level.ThesisItem Open Access Age dependent changes in liver composition and enzyme activity in Cyprinus carpio(CCSHAU, 2007) Simmi; Jain, K.L.The Comman carp (C. carpio) fish is used as a test animal both for stressed studies and various other aspects of nutrition and reproduction. There has been so far no such studies indicating changes in growth rate, tissue composition and the metabolic enzyme activities which could accurately prescribed comparative test parameters particularly with reference to the age dependent changes in the early stages of fish growth (juvenile stages) were studied about these parameters. Growth rate in terms of length and mass in this stage was positively correlated in age group upto 130 days of growth cases, although rates varied considerably between different age in length and in mass. Maximum growth increment in terms of gain in length was evident in 130 days old fish i.e.10.85, as compared to the earlier growth stages. The 40 days old fish showed percent length gain of 7.0% only. Likewise growth rate in terms of mass gain was also lowest in 40 days old fish (6.4%) and 16.6% in 130 days old fish. The regression equation showed a strong relationship between growth in length and in mass (R2=0.973, p<0.0001). The regression equation for the data for growth rate in length and in mass gain with condition factor was also significant and it expressed 67% variability in length and 62% variability in mass gain in C. carpio fish due to the condition factor (Fig. 4). The highest HSI increment was also noticed in 130 days old fish i.e. it showed on increased in 130 days old fish, 11.45), whereas HSI increment in 70 and 100 days old fish was 7.17 and 8.72, respectively and 4.58 in the early stage of growth period in 40 days. Data on age related changes in glycogen and protein contents in the liver also varied significantly with different growth periods (Table 3). The glycogen contents (mg/g of wet tissue) in liver was almost double in 70 days old fish as indicated by the mean values of 67.025 mg/g of wet tissue in 70 days and 35.25mg/g of wet tissue in 40 days old fish. Likewise the fish showed 40.69% gain in liver protein contents after 70 days of growth. HSI was highly correlated with growth rate in length (R2=0.893, p<0.0001) as compared to condition factor (R2=0.688, p<0.0001). Glycogen and protein contents in liver of fish C. carpio were both significantly affected by growth rate and condition factor. The enzyme activity of Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) both in liver and in serum increased rapidly from 70 days old fish to 100 days old fish. But Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) showed a significant increase from 40 days old fish to 70 days old fish in liver and in serum. There was a strong relationship of their activity with growth rate both in length and mass, than with condition factor. Among the metabolic enzymes in liver and in serum, PDH alone showed highest variability of 95% with growth in length in serum and 68% variability with condition factor in serum. Enzyme activities of Phosphatases such as acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in fish liver and in serum increased considerably from 70 days old fish to 100 days old fish. Acid phosphatase explained 95% of the variability of growth rate in length in liver and in serum and 94% in mass growth in liver. However, alkaline phosphatase explained 87% of the variability in growth rate in length and in mass in serum, which was weak as compared to variability observed in liver. Age dependent changes in growth rate vis or vis changes in tissue composition and enzyme activities in early growth stage of fishes with reference to their application as biomarkers closely evidence their application both as age determinant as well as in study of stress effect in fish C. carpio. However up to 70 days old is appropriate for energy parameters and thereafter for structural changes.ThesisItem Open Access Agri-tourism as enterprise diversification in rural Haryana(CCSHAU, 2008) Davender Kumar; Mehta, S.K.Tourism is termed as instrument for employment generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human development. The state of Haryana has location advantage being nearer to national capital of country, Delhi. There are five National Highways that pass via Haryana to different states of the country. Moreover, the farmers of Haryana are resourceful and innovative and have capability to start this new concept of agri-tourism, therefore. This project on agri-tourism was planned to be studied in Haryana state. Agri-tourism being new concept; it was difficult to find large number of farmers for this profession. A list of 80 farmers was prepared, who were either registered with Haryana tourism or were having equivalent capacity to provide all types of facilities on their farms. They were taken as the respondents of the study. The data revealed that majority of the respondents were belonging to medium category regarding almost all the independent variables viz. age, family education, land holding, socio-economic status, mass media exposures, risk bearing capacity, innovativeness, extension contacts, source of income, man power availability and irrigation facility. The owners of the agri-tourism farms were either already providing or they were ready to provide various kinds of facilities on demand, which were very common and people usually asked for ,while majority of the owners were not providing the facilities which were not commonly asked by the visitors. Regarding visits paid by the various groups it was recorded that as many as 3290 visitors in all, visited various agri-tourism units at different places under study, out of which there were 9 International visitors, 488 national visitors. There were as many as 1698 visitors from the surrounding city areas which come to be the 51.61 per cent of the total population of visitors. In total about two fifth of the total tourists visited different agri-tourism units at different places under study were the children. The number of visitors who visited agri-tourism units in the winter season was more than twice of the visitors who visited in the summer season. Among various kinds of tourism, agri-tourism was found very much related with rural tourism. The findings depicted that majority of the respondents were either self motivated or motivated by their family members. When asked about their interest and needs for various training programme, almost all the farmers showed their interest in obtaining the trainings for the diversification and development of their farm in to agri-tourism and none of the respondents preferred a training of more than a fortnight duration. More than three-fourth of the respondents agreed upon that diversification of traditional farming into agri-tourism was beneficial and it will add to their present income. Also the majority were in favor of that agri-tourism provides a natural environment and it is very eco-friendly. When asked about the benefits of agri-tourism it was found beneficial in many regards such as their status in the society will be increased. A massive majority said that additional income from the agri-tourism was the most important prospect. The major constraint in the development of agri-tourism was the difficulty in getting a loan or the lack of financial facilities.ThesisItem Open Access Agrobacterium mediated transformation of indica rice variety IR-72 using Amaranthus seed albumin gene (AmA1) driven by a seed specific promoter(CCSHAU, 2007) Chowdhary, Ritika; Jain, R.K.Experiments were conducted to transfer Amaranthus seed albumin gene (AmA1) driven by GBSS promoter in indica rice variety IR-72 and Pusa Basmati by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. During the present investigation, 14-18 days old calli induced from mature seed scutella and immature embryos on modified MS medium were used. The calli were II co-cultivated for 10 minutes in liquid co-cultivation medium with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 (pSB8G) and then transferred onto the solidified co-cultivation medium for 2-3 days. Calli were screened on selection medium containing cefotaxime (250 mg/l) and G-418 (50 mg/l) for 2-3 cycles of selection of 15 days each. A total of 160/1790 (mature seed) and 37/213 (immature embryo) calli of IR-72 and 124/831 of Pusa Basmati 1 showed sustained proliferation on the selection medium. A total of 22 IR72 and three Pusa Basmati 1 plants were regenerated from the selected calli by using the MS based regeneration media supplemented with antibiotics. Fifteen of these plants (IR72, 12 plants; Pusa Basmati 1, three plants) were successfully transferred to the transgenic greenhouse. Five of the seven-rice plants showed the amplification of 1.1 kb fragment indicating the presence of AmA1 gene. One of these PCR positive plants has already flowered and set seeds.ThesisItem Open Access Agrobacterium-mediated transfer of amaranthus seed albumin (AmA1) gene driven by seed specific promoter in indica rice variety (HKR-46) for improving the protein quality(CCSHAU, 2007) Katta, Suman; Chowdhury, V.K.Experiments were conducted to transfer Amaranthus seed albumin gene, AmA1, driven by GBSS promoter in indica rice variety HKR46 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The japonica rice variety TNG67 was also used as control for transformation. During the present investigation, 21-24 days old calli induced from mature seed scutella and immature embryos on modified MS medium were used. The calli were co-cultivated for 10 minutes in liquid co-cultivation medium with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 (pSB8G) and then transferred onto the solidified co-cultivation medium for 2-3 days. Then the calli were screened on selection medium containing cefotaxime (250 mg/l) and G-418 (50 mg/l) for 2-3 cycles of selection of 15 days each. A total of 23/1822 calli of HKR46 and 242/345 of TNG67 showed sustained proliferation on the selection medium. The putatively transformed calli were then transferred onto regeneration medium. A total of 9 HKR-46 and 89 TNG-67 plants were regenerated from the selected calli by using the MS based regeneration media supplemented with antibiotics. Eighteen of these plants (HKR-46, 4 plants; TNG-67, 14 plants) were tested for desired bands. An amplified product of 1.1 kb fragment was detected in 13 plants (Table 4.4). The study shows an urgent need of developing an efficient protocol for high frequency plant regeneration of transformed indica and japonica rice varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Agrometeorological responses of brassica species under different growing environments(CCSHAU, 2009) Mehnaj Tharranum, A.; Ram SinghThe study entitled ‘Agrometeorological responses of Brassica species under different growing environments’ was conducted at the research area of the Department of Agricultural meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the rabi season of 2008-09. The main plot treatments consisted of three dates of sowing (15th October, 27th October and 10th November) and the sub-plots consisted of 10 varieties (Laxmi, RH30, Varuna, RH819, Kranti, GSL-1, HNS- 0501, 0004, 0403 and 0401). The thirty treatment combinations were tested in split plot design with three replications. The 15th October sown crop had highest thermal and radiation indices and TUE and RUE were also highest in this treatment as compared to 27th October and 10th November sown crops. The transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (TPAR) was recorded lowest in D1 as compared to D2 and D3 treatments. All growth parameters, yield and yield attributes were found highest in 15th October sown crop. The oil contents of D1 and D2 treatments were found highest and decreased with delay in sowing. The delay in sowing from 15th October to 27th October shortened the life cycle of the crop by 11 days and delay in sowing upto 10th November reduced the life span of the crop by 16 days. Among the varieties, Kranti and HNS-0403 took more number of days for completion of phenophases, in B. juncea and B. napus, respectively. Among the varieties of B. juncea, Kranti consumed highest HU and PTU, whereas RH30 consumed highest HTU. RH30 was found to utilize heat units and IPAR, efficiently. LAI, dry biomass and yield were also recorded highest in RH30. Among the genotypes of B. napus, HNS-0403 consumed highest HU, HTU and PTU. The efficiencies of heat and radiation utilization were highest in HNS-0004. LAI, dry biomass, IPAR and yield were recorded highest in HNS-0004, whereas, oil content was highest in HNS-0401. The correlation and regression analysis were carried out to study the relationship between agrometeorological and crop parameters. The weather parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and wind speed during 50 per cent flowering stage of the crop were better correlated with crop parameters, as compared to weather parameters during other stages. Morning relative humidity showed maximum negative correlation, whereas sunshine hours and air temperature showed maximum positive correlation with seed yield. All the thermal indices were positively correlated with crop parameters. Significant weather parameters such as maximum temperature and morning relative humidity explained the variability in yield up to 85 per cent. The agrometeorological indices (HU, HTU, PTU and IPAR) explained 83 per cent variability in seed yield of B. juncea. Replacing IPAR and including TUE and RUE in the above model, explained up to 62 per cent variability in seed yield of B. napus.ThesisItem Open Access Agronomical management of late sown wheat(CCSHAU, 2009) Asha Ram; Pannu, R.K.The field experiment entitled, “Agronomical management of late sown wheat” was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during rabi season of 2007-08. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design. There were ten treatment combinations namely :(T1 )-dry seeding on15th December followed by irrigation, (T2)-dry seeding with overnight soaked seed on15th December followed by irrigation, (T3)-dry seeding with 25% higher seed rate on15th December followed by irrigation, (T4)-dry seeding with overnight soaked seed with 25% higher seed rate on15th December followed by irrigation, (T5)-dry seeding on 1st January followed by irrigation, (T6)-dry seeding with overnight soaked seed on 1st January followed by irrigation, (T7)-dry seeding with 25% higher seed rate on 1st January followed by irrigation, (T8)-dry seeding with overnight soaked seed with 25% higher seed rate on 1st January followed by irrigation, (T9)-dry seed sowing on 1st January after pre sowing irrigation on 15th December and (T10)-soaked seed sowing on 1st January after pre sowing irrigation on 15th December. The treatment T4 observed with highest number of seedling emergence and minimum number of seedling was found in T5. The days taken to attainment of heading, anthesis and physiological maturity were recorded significantly higher in 15th December sown treatments as compared to 1st January sown treatments. The dry matter accumulation, LAI, LAD and CGR were recorded significantly higher in T4 than all other treatments. Among the yield attributing characters number of effective tillers/mrl was found highest in T4 followed by T3 and minimum in T5. But, among all the treatments T4 observed with significantly higher grain yield (4196 kg/ha) and biological yield (10359 kg/ha). Significantly lower grain (2885 kg/ha) and biological yield (7426 kg/ha) were observed in T5 as compared to all other treatments except T6 with which it was found statistically at par. The LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR and NAR have shown highly significant and positive correlation among themselves and with grain yield. Among the yield attributes number of effective tiller/mrl had significant association (r = 0.97) with grain yield, biomass yield and straw yield of wheat also had significant positive association (r = 0.99).