Loading...
Thesis
Browse
9 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT BY PHACOEMULSIFICATION AND INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION IN DOGS 2936(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-08) HARSHITH B. H.; S. H. TALEKARThe present clinical study was conducted on 12 dogs suffering from cataract presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the study period. The present clinical work was carried out to study management of cataracts by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in dogs. Cataracts are the most common cause of treatable visual deficits and blindness in dogs. Phacoemulsification has become an art of surgical procedure for the management of cataract surgery. Out of the 12 dogs, 6 were implanted with acrylic, the foldable intra ocular lens of power +41 D followed by phacoemulsification and another 6 cases were left aphakic after phacoemulsification. Out of 12 selected cases, a higher incidence of cataract was observed in Spitz (42 %) followed by German shepherds (25 %), Mongrels (17 %), and Labrador retriever (8 %) and Cocker spaniel (8 %). Incidence of cataract was found equal in both males (50 %) and females (50 %). High incidence cataract was seen age group > 7 years in eight cases (67 %), 1 - 7 years three cases (25 %), and less than one case (8 %) out of 12 dogs. On the basis of maturation of cataract, four cases of immature (33 %), five cases of mature (42 %) and three cases of hypermature (25 %) cataracts were observed, and senility was found as the major cause of cataract (75 %). Prior to the surgery, all dogs were subjected to detailed ophthalmic examination and routine clinical, hematological and serum biochemical analysis and found parameters were in the normal range indicating animals were tolerable to anesthetic and surgical stress. Intra-operative complications observed in 8 out of 12 cases in which three cases showed prolonged phaco-time due to the hard nucleus, two cases showed intra operative miosis, one case showed hemorrhage from the iris, one case miosis along with hemorrhages from iris, one case showed thermal injury by phaco-hand piece and one case showed idiopathic chemosis. A post-operative evaluation was done on day 15 and day 30. On the day 15, transient corneal edema observed in four cases, corneal opacity in two cases and each one case of transient corneal edema along with ecchymosis of bulbar conjunctiva and lens dislocation with corneal edema observed. Tear production and random blood glucose were within the normal range but intra-ocular pressure decreased in five cases indicating uveitis, whereas no corneal ulcerations were seen in any of the cases. On day 30, lens dislocation was seen in one case and persistent corneal opacity in one case in Group- I (Phacoemulsification & IOL implantation), while residual lens material and posterior capsular opacification observed in Group- II (Phacoemulsification & Aphakia). In all the 12 cases, intra-ocular pressure and random blood glucose were found within normal range and no cases of uveitis or glaucoma were encountered. On day 30, surgical outcome was observed good in three cases (50 %), fair in one case (17 %) and failure in one case (33 %) out of six cases in Group- I and while in group- II, surgical outcome was observed good in three case (50 %), fair in two case (33 %) and failure in one case (17 %) out of six cases. Visual outcome was observed good in three cases (50 %), fair in one case (17 %) and failure in two cases (33 %) out of six cases in Group- I and while in group- II visual outcome was observed fair in five cases (83 %) and failure in one case (17 %) out of six cases. There was no significant difference found in intra-ocular pressure, Schirmer’s tear test and random blood glucose within the group on day 0, day 15 and day 30 and between the groups on the same day.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDIES ON MINIMALLY INVASIVE PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS AND OPEN PLATING TECHNIQUES FOR REPAIR OF LONG BONE FRACTURE IN DOGS 2925(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) MARVANIA NIRALI TULSIBHAI; P. H. TANKThe aim of this study was to compare open plating and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for repair to long bone fracture in dogs. The present clinical study was undertaken in twelve dogs having radius-ulna or tibia-fibula fracture. Four cases of radius-ulna fractures and eight cases of tibia-fibula fractures were equally divided into two groups (Group I- Open plating and Group II- MIPO) depending upon merits of the cases. Both the groups included cases with three transverse, two oblique and a comminuted fractures. Pre and post-operative assessment of animals were done on the basis of critical clinical examination and radiographic evaluation. Blood samples were collected from animals prior to surgery and post-operatively for hemato biochemical analysis. Standard medications, anesthetic protocols and surgical procedures were followed to minimize animal sufferings. The hematological parameters were found within the normal range before and after the surgery probably due to supportive therapy and absence of post-operative infection. A non-significant differences in serum calcium, phosphorus, creatinine kinase and alkaline phosphatase between the groups suggested similar tissue damage and healing in open plating and MIPO technique. Intra-operative evaluation of reduction and alignment of fracture fragments and proper positioning of contoured plate to the bone was technically easier to perform under C-arm guidance in MIPO technique. Radiographic evaluation, lameness grading and functional outcome revealed that both the surgical procedure provided adequate reduction and alignment of fracture ends depended on factors like type of fractures and duration of fractures. However, MIPO technique provided earlier weight bearing but also required additional skill as compared to open plating.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIORRHAPHY IN JAFFARABADI BUFFALOES 2895(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) PATEL GREESHMABEN RAJENDRABHAI; S.H.TALEKARThe present study was conducted on 10 Jaffarabadi buffaloes positive for diaphragmatic hernia presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College, Junagadh, Gujarat. All selected animals were undergo by ultrasonographic examination with real time B-mode using 3.5 - 5 MHz convex transducer at 5th intercostal space, motile reticulm was observed as a half moon shaped hyperechoic structure. The reticulum contracted regularly in biphasic manner in all the buffaloes under screening. On 5th post-operative day ultrasonographic examination reticulum was observed at normal anatomical position and in 5th intercostals space normal heart position. Radiographic examination revealed different types of reticular foreign bodies (metallic and non metallic) in 7 out of 10 buffaloes. Metallic foreign bodies includes binding wires, bolts, nails pieces of metal and non-metallic foreign bodies includes pieces of marbles, stones, leather balls, plastic material etc. In present study, 7 buffaloes, lateral radiograph of reticulum showing clearly remarkable diaphragmatic line and presence of potential and non potential metallic and non metallic densities were found cranial to diaphragm. Whereas, In 3 buffaloes remarkable reticular density without any other density was observed cranial to diaphragm. On 5th post-operative day radiographic examination reticulum was observed at normal anatomical position and normal heart position. For correction of diaphragmatic hernia two stages surgery was performed first stage including rumenotomy by standard technique and second stage diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy through post-xiphoid trans-abdominal approach by restraining the animal in dorsal recumbency under sedation with Xylazine hydrochloride @ 0.04 mg/kg body weight intravenously with local infiltration with 2 % Lignocaine HCLwere used in all selected animals for herniorrhaphy without intermittent positive pressure ventilation and found 70 per cent success rate in unilateral diaphragmatic hernia cases. Buffaloes in the age group between 2 to 13 years were diagnosed positive for DH. Out of 10 buffaloes, 7 buffaloes (70 %) were reared under free range grazing system which accounted the vulnerability of ingestion of metallic foreign bodies by these animals. The duration of illness ranged from 15 to 45 days and clinical symptoms were inappetence or anorexia, recurrent tympany, regurgitation, cachexia, depressed condition and sudden drop in milk production. Clinical, Haematological and biochemical parameters were estimated at pre operatively (0 day), post-operatively 7th and 15th days. Mean rectal temperature and respiratory rate values significantly decreased on 7th and 15th post-operatively days, while mean values of heart rates significant increased on 7th and 15th post- operatively days. In haematological examination, mean values of PCV, TLC and neutrophils significantly decreased on 7th and 15th post-operative day compared with mean values of pre-operative (0 day). In biochemical examination, mean values of AST, ALT and CPK significantly decreased while mean values of albumin significantly increased on 7 th and 15th post-operative respectively.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDIES ON MINIMALLY INVASIVE PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS AND OPEN PLATING TECHNIQUES FOR REPAIR OF LONG BONE FRACTURE IN DOGS(jau.junagadh, 2019-07) MARVANIA NIRALI T.; DR. P. H. TANKThe aim of this study was to compare open plating and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for repair to long bone fracture in dogs. The present clinical study was undertaken in twelve dogs having radius-ulna or tibia-fibula fracture. Four cases of radius-ulna fractures and eight cases of tibia-fibula fractures were equally divided into two groups (Group I- Open plating and Group II- MIPO) depending upon merits of the cases. Both the groups included cases with three transverse, two oblique and a comminuted fractures. Pre and post-operative assessment of animals were done on the basis of critical clinical examination and radiographic evaluation. Blood samples were collected from animals prior to surgery and post-operatively for hemato-biochemical analysis. Standard medications, anesthetic protocols and surgical procedures were followed to minimize animal sufferings. The hematological parameters were found within the normal range before and after the surgery probably due to supportive therapy and absence of post-operative infection. A non-significant differences in serum calcium, phosphorus, creatinine kinase and alkaline phosphatase between the groups suggested similar tissue damage and healing in open plating and MIPO technique. Intra-operative evaluation of reduction and alignment of fracture fragments and proper positioning of contoured plate to the bone was technically easier to perform under C-arm guidance in MIPO technique. Radiographic evaluation, lameness grading and functional outcome revealed that both the surgical procedure provided adequate reduction and alignment of fracture ends depended on factors like type of fractures and duration of fractures. However, MIPO technique provided earlier weight bearing but also required additional skill as compared to open platingThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIORRHAPHY IN JAFFARABADI BUFFALOES 2895(JAU, JUNAGADH, 2019-07) PATEL GREESHMABEN RAJENDRABHAI; S.H.TALEKARThe present study was conducted on 10 Jaffarabadi buffaloes positive for diaphragmatic hernia presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College, Junagadh, Gujarat. All selected animals were undergo by ultrasonographic examination with real time B-mode using 3.5 - 5 MHz convex transducer at 5th intercostal space, motile reticulm was observed as a half moon shaped hyperechoic structure. The reticulum contracted regularly in biphasic manner in all the buffaloes under screening. On 5th post-operative day ultrasonographic examination reticulum was observed at normal anatomical position and in 5th intercostals space normal heart position. Radiographic examination revealed different types of reticular foreign bodies (metallic and non metallic) in 7 out of 10 buffaloes. Metallic foreign bodies includes binding wires, bolts, nails pieces of metal and non-metallic foreign bodies includes pieces of marbles, stones, leather balls, plastic material etc. In present study, 7 buffaloes, lateral radiograph of reticulum showing clearly remarkable diaphragmatic line and presence of potential and non potential metallic and non metallic densities were found cranial to diaphragm. Whereas, In 3 buffaloes remarkable reticular density without any other density was observed cranial to diaphragm. On 5th post-operative day radiographic examination reticulum was observed at normal anatomical position and normal heart position. For correction of diaphragmatic hernia two stages surgery was performed first stage including rumenotomy by standard technique and second stage diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy through post-xiphoid trans-abdominal approach by restraining the animal in dorsal recumbency under sedation with Xylazine hydrochloride @ 0.04 mg/kg body weight intravenously with local infiltration with 2 % Lignocaine HCLwere used in all selected animals for herniorrhaphy without intermittent positive pressure ventilation and found 70 per cent success rate in unilateral diaphragmatic hernia cases. Buffaloes in the age group between 2 to 13 years were diagnosed positive for DH. Out of 10 buffaloes, 7 buffaloes (70 %) were reared under free range grazing system which accounted the vulnerability of ingestion of metallic foreign bodies by these animals. The duration of illness ranged from 15 to 45 days and clinical symptoms were inappetence or anorexia, recurrent tympany, regurgitation, cachexia, depressed condition and sudden drop in milk production. Clinical, Haematological and biochemical parameters were estimated at pre operatively (0 day), post-operatively 7th and 15th days. Mean rectal temperature and respiratory rate values significantly decreased on 7th and 15th post-operatively days, while mean values of heart rates significant increased on 7th and 15th post- operatively days. In haematological examination, mean values of PCV, TLC and neutrophils significantly decreased on 7th and 15th post-operative day compared with mean values of pre-operative (0 day). In biochemical examination, mean values of AST, ALT and CPK significantly decreased while mean values of albumin significantly increased on 7 th and 15th post-operative respectivelyThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES IN LAMINITIC HORSES BASED ON RADIOGRAPHICAL, HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS ASSESSMENT(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2018-10) KOSHIYA AKASHKUMAR H.; DR. P. H. TANKLaminitis is caused by failure of the distal phalanx (coffin bone or third phalanx) to remain attached to the lamellae that line the inside of the hoof. For specific treatment some special diagnostic care like radiographical, haemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameters are required to be studied. So, The present study was carried out with the objective to evaluate 14 laminitic horses (Equus caballus) presented at clinic complex based on clinical history, radiographical, haemato-biochemical and oxidative stress assessment and accordingly management strategies were designed and instituted. Clinical history was classified based on age, sex, breed, type of feeding and hoof care. Majority of the laminitic cases were more than 10 year of age. Among those fourteen horses most of the cases were females (92.85%). Breed wise Kathiyawadi horses (57.14%) were more affected with laminitis. Feeding practice revealed that majority of owners offer Sorghum as dry fodder (64.28%), green grass (57.14%) as green fodder, whereas gram and barley (64.28%) as concentrate ration and black cumin (71.42%) as feed supplement. Among the 14 cases, majority of the owners housed their horses on pakka flooring. Majority of laminitic horse owners practiced regular hoof cleaning (92.85%). However, 85.71% owners followed hoof trimming and 50% practiced shoeing of horses. Clinical observations like rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate showed non-significant fluctuations between 14 laminitic and six apparently healthy horses. Most common clinical signs observed were mild or bounding positive digital pulse, lameness in walking, goose stepping, shorten stride, reluctancy to move, hooves found hot to touch and laminitic rings on hoof. Majority of the laminitic horses were under the body condition score 3 (Good), neck crest score 2 and neck circumference was 32.91 inches. Mean values of hematological parameters (hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count) of laminitic and normal horses were found non-significantly (P>0.05) different between the horses. The mean value of triglycerides (mg/dL) in laminitic horses (55.42 ± 6.26) was found significantly high (P<0.05) as compared to normal horses (21.66 ± 2.49). Statistically, mean value of cholesterol (mg/dL) level was significantly high (P<0.05) in laminitic horses (139.03 ± 10.36) in comparison to normal horses (116.33 ± 8.71). Mean value of ALT (U/L) (22.81 ± 6.26) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in laminitic horses as compared to normal horses. Statistically, significantly (P<0.05) increased mean value of total protein and albumin (g/dL) were recorded. However, mean value of glucose (mg/dL) was found highly significant (P<0.01) in laminitic horses when compared with normal horses. Rest of the biochemical parameters like AST, blood urea nitrogen, globulin and A/G ratio did not differ significantly. Radiographic parameters (CB: EP, SD, DOR, Palmer angle, HDPDP, and HDPDD) were observed in laminitic horses and normal horses. Significant (P<0.01) increase mean values of CB: EP, SD, HDPDP and HDPDD (mm) were observed in left leg, right leg and average mean of laminitic horses as compared to normal horses and comparison of degree of rotation and palmer angle between left leg, right leg. The biomarkers of oxidative stress that used in present study to assess accurate measurement of stress in laminitic and healthy horses were catalase and reduced glutathione. Mean value of catalase (U/mL) in laminitic horses and healthy horses were 19.06 ± 2.97 and 13.27 ± 3.01, respectively. Mean value of catalase in laminitic horses were higher than healthy horses but found statistically non-significant (P>0.05). Mean values of reduced glutathione were 15.28 ± 10.9 and 17.28 ± 2.10 mmol/L in laminitic horses and normal horses, respectively. The differences in the values were statistically nonsignificant. Contemplated on the bases of assessment of laminitic horses, appropriate therapeutic management strategies were designed and instituted as per the clinical merit of the cases, owners’ compliance and cost effectivity. Among the total 14 cases, a horse was condemned due to old age, 2 mares had laminitis accompanied with endometritis wherein after the treatment a positive improvement in the disease condition was noticed. A mare had degenerative laminitis and left ovary had many cysts surrounded by severe proliferated fibrous connective tissue as per the biopsy report wherein ovariotomy resulted in uneventful recovery in laminitis also. One horse had degenerative arthritic changes in left fore limb with primary acute laminitis did not yield to the treatment. A horse with severe rotation of 3rd phalanx in all the four limbs did not recover and showed tendency of recurrent lameness upon withdrawal of treatment. 1 mare had secondary acute laminitis with swelling on fetlock joint after the treatment didn’t successfully recovered and condition persisted. 1 mare had primary acute laminitis were managed uneventfully and assumed working and breeding soundness. Rest of 6 horses had chronic laminitis among them, one recovered successfully whereas five horses had severe rotation of pedal bone did not recover after the treatment.ThesisItem Open Access ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDIES FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CLINICAL ABDOMINAL PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN DOGS(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2018-08) MANISH SONI; Dr. S. H. TALEKARThe aim of the present study entitled “Ultrasonographic studies for diagnosis of clinical abdominal pathological conditions in dogs” was to enhance the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in the effective management of abdominal disease conditions in dogs presented at Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh. In present study 100 clinical cases were screened out of either sex or age out of which 25 cases were selected with their clinical signs and showing any pathological condition of gastro intestinal, hepatobiliary, urinary, genital systems and spleen. In all the animals the symptoms were misleading. Confirmation of the pathological conditions were made with the help of ultrasonography as well as with heamato-biochemical status of animal. All the selected 25 animals underwent surgical operation. In present study all 100 cases were divided according to their age, sex and breed. Pyometra was diagnosed in 10 cases by ultrasonography in which anaemia with decreased mean Hb 9.3 ± 1.04 (11.9 – 18.9), mean PCV 28 ± 2.41 (35 – 57) and mean TEC 5.27 ± 0.53 (5 – 7.87). Mean increasing values of neutrophils 78.04 ± 4.14 (58 - 80), mean leucocytosis 29342 ± 2992 (5000 – 14000) with shift to left and elevated mean ALP 142. 25 ± 11.30 (1 – 114), mean BUN 32.09 ± 5.77 (8 – 28), mean Cr 2.67 ± 1.05 (0.5 – 1.7) and mean total bilirubin 1.418 ± 0.46 (0 – 1) were observed with mean hypoalbumenia 2.12 ± 0.25 (2.3 – 3.1). Common ultrasonographic examination revealed sacculation of uterus with convoluted uterine horns filled with homogenous anechoic to hypoechoic fluid. Hyperechoic thickened uterine wall and hyperechoic mobile internal echoes in the lumen of uterus. Cystoliths were diagnosed in 3 cases by ultrasonography. Mean PCV values 49.63 ± 8.10 (35 – 57) were towards increase line, mean leucocytosis 23973 ± 6262.95 (5000 – 14000), mean neutrophilia 87.66 ± 4.25 (58 - 80) and mean lymphopenia 6.33 ± 3.17 (8 - 25) were observed. Mean elevated BUN 71.33 ± 21.75 (8 – 28) and mean Cr 5.22 ± 3.41 (0.5 – 1.7) were seen. Common ultrasonographic findings of urinary bladder revealed single to multiple, round to oval shaped, small sized hyperechoic structures with distinct acoustic shadowing. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia pyometra complex was observed in 4 cases by ultrasonography. Mean Hb 7.44 ± 1.84 (11.9 – 18.9), mean PCV 21.66 ± 5.39 (35 – 57) and mean TEC 3.43 ± 0.80 (5 – 7.87) were markedly decrease however mean leucocytosis 34892.5 ± 4316.17 (5000 – 14000), mean neutrophilia 88.47 ± 0.35 (58 - 80) and mean lymphopenia 5.5 ± 0.64 (8 -25) seen. Elevated mean AST 72 ± 11.23 (10 – 62), mean AKP 156 ± 12.49 (1 – 114) observed and mean BUN 23.62 ± 4.61 (8 – 28), mean Cr 1.55 ± 0.17 (0.5 – 1.7) and mean TP 7.6 ± 0.234 (5.4 – 7.5) were towards higher levels along with mean hypoalbumenia 2.4 ± 0.18 (2.3 – 3.1). Ultrasonographic findings of uterus revealed distension of uterus filled with anechoic to hypoechoic fluid. Hyperplastic and thickened endometrial wall with multiple, rounded, small to large sized, smooth marginated cavities filled with anechoic fluid present on the sacculated uterine horns were cysts. Intestinal obstruction was observed in 2 cases by ultrasonography. Laboratory findings showed mean leucocytosis 31150 ± 2150 (5000 – 14000) with mean increasing values of neutrophils 79.5 ± 1.5 (58 - 80). Elevation of mean AST 110.64 ± 10.35 (10 – 62), mean TP 10.46 ± 0.69 (5.4 – 7.5) and mean albumin 4.42 ± 0.27 (2.3 – 3.1) were observed. Ultrasonographic findings revealed dilation of intestinal lumen with static hypoechoic to hyperechoic luminal contents creating acoustic shadowing distally. Ventral hernia was observed in 3 cases by ultrasonography. Haematology revealed mean leucocytosis 18456 ± 1355 (5000 – 14000) with mean increasing values of neutrophils 76.33 ± 2.18 (58 - 80). Decrease level of mean Cr 0.37 ± 0.09 (0.5 – 1.7), mean TP 3.41 ± 0.10 (5.4 – 7.5) and mean albumin 1.81 ± 0.07 (2.3 – 3.1) were observed. Ultrasonography of ventral hernia revealed multiple hypoechoic intestinal loops with anechoic to hypoechoic lumen coming out from palpable hyperechoic hernial ring due to discontinuity of abdominal muscles. Intussusception was observed in 1 case by ultrasonography. Laboratory findings revealed decrease in Hb 6.5 (11.9 – 18.9), PCV 30 (35 – 57) and TEC 4.96 (5 – 7.87) with leucocytosis 28090 (5000 – 14000), neutrophilia 93.4 (58 - 80) and lymphocytopenia 3.6 (8 - 25). Elevation of ALP 256 (1 – 114), BUN 60 (8 – 28), Cr 2 (0.5 – 1.7) and hyperalbumenia 4 (2.3 – 3.1) were observed. Ultrasonography findings of the intestine revealed dilatation of intestinal wall and absence of intestinal peristalsis movement. Concentric hypoechoic and hyperechoic intestinal rings characterised as “archers target” or “bulls eye” in transverse plane and as a series of linear hyperechoic and hypoechoic streak or sausage like appearance in sagittal plane. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and cyst was observed in 1 case by ultrasonography. Decrease values of Hb 9.2 (11.9 – 18.9), PCV 29.7 (35 – 57), TEC 4.66 (5 – 7.87), TP 5.28 (5.4 – 7.5) and albumin 2.07 (2.3 – 3.1) were found along with leucocytosis 16200 (5000 – 14000) and neutrophilia 83.4 (58 -80). Increase values of AST 75.41 (10 – 62), ALP 172.1 (1 – 114), BUN 36 (8 – 28), and Cr were observed 2.26 (0.5 – 1.7). Ultrasonography revealed a diffusely enlarged, homogenous hypoechoic echotexture spherical in shape (prostate) consisting of 2 clear anechoic fluid filled cavities found as intra prostatic cysts surrounded by hypoechoic and heterogeneous prostatic parenchyma. Gall bladder stone and renomegaly was found in 1 case by ultrasonography. Leucocyte count 12610 (5000 – 14000) and neutrophil count 77 (58 -80) were towards higher values. Elevated level of ALP 325.4 (1 – 114), Cr 1.73 (0.5 – 1.7) and total bilirubin 3 (0 – 1) along with decrease level of albumin 2.02 (2.3 – 3.1) was found. Ultrasonography of gall bladder revealed anechoic and elongated gall bladder. A hypoechoic uniform biliary sludge and a single, small, hyperechoic, rounded structure seen which was attached to the base of thickened, hyperechoic gall bladder wall which was a gall stone creating acoustic shadow on the ultrasound scan. Renomegaly found with cholelith. Ultrasonography revealed enlarged kidney with hyperechoic renal pelvis, anechoic to hypoechoic medulla, hyperechoic cortical infiltration with increased cortical to medullar diameter. It was concluded that, the use of ultrasonography has its challenges in the diagnosis of abdominal disease conditions. The clinical and haematobiochemical findings observed in the animals were found in accordance to the pathology involved as revealed in ultrasonographic findings. The ultrasonographic examination of abdomen aided in the diagnosis of pyometra, liver cirrhosis, cystoliths, ventral hernia, cystic endometrial hyperplasia pyometra complex, gastrointestinal obstruction, intussusception, benign prostatic hyperplasia and gall bladder stone in all affected dogs. It was noted that ultrasonography has been found reliable, non-invasive and good diagnostic imaging modality for detection of abdominal disease conditions. Routine ultrasonography is proposed to be a beneficial procedure for the prompt, cost effective and non-invasive diagnostic procedure of abdominal disease conditions in dogs.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON THIOPENTAL INDUCTION AND ISOFLURANE MAINTENANCE ANAESTHESIA UNDER DIFFERENT PREANAESTHETIC COMBINATIONS IN DOGS(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2018-08) KATARA KIRPALSINH PRATAPSINH; Dr. S.H. TALEKARThe present study was conducted to compare the effect of pre-anaesthetic combinations such as glycopyrrolate-xylazine-tramadol, glycopyrrolate-midazolam-butorphanol and glycopyrrolate-dexmedetomidine-fentanyl on thiopental induction and isoflurane maintenance general anaesthesia in 18 dogs of either sex presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh for varieties of surgeries. The animals were randomly divided into three groups six dogs of either sex in each group (n=6). Group-I received a combination of glycopyrrolate, xylazine and tramadol @ 0.01, 0.5 and 4 mg/kg b.wt. respectively and Group-II received a combination of glycopyrrolate, midazolam and butorphanol @ 0.01, 0.2 and 0.2 mg/kg b.wt. respectively and Group-III received a combination of glycopyrrolate, dexmeditomidine and fentanyl @ 0.01, 0.05 and 0.05 mg/kg b.wt. respectively, were given intramuscularly as pre-medication 30 minutes prior to induction. Thiopental was administered as a induction agent intravenously “to effect’’ and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Thereafter clinico-physiological, haemodynamic, haemato-biochemical parameters were studied. Group III had good quality of sedation, abolished jaw reflexes, palpebral and pedal reflexes as compared to Group I and Group II. The mean dose of thiopental used for induction was non-significantly low in Group III followed by Group I and Group II. The mean vaporizer setting for maintenance and total quantity of isoflurane consumed were non-significantly low in Group III followed by Group I and Group II. Among the groups, Group I and Group II had no-significant changes in haemoglobin while significantly decreased in Group III. Group III had significantly lower in TEC while non-significantly lower PCV and TLC at recovery when compared to the base values. All the groups had no-significant difference in DLC. The heart rate showed significant reduction in Group II and Group III and no major changes in Group I following pre-medication. The respiratory rate significantly decreased in Group III following pre-medication. The rectal temperature non-significantly decreased throughout the period of premedication when compared to the base values attributed to the hypothermic effects of preanaesthetics. The MAP remained non-significantly lower during the maintenance period in all the three groups compared to the base values which could be due to hypotensive effects of general anaesthesia. The SpO2 values showed non-significant reduction following induction. The ECG not showed any abnormality except for slight increase in QRS duration and T wave amplitude in Group I. The serum biochemical parameters like serum creatinine, BUN, AST and ALT and serum glucose showed non-significant differences and remained within normal range in all groups. The Group I and Group III showed better sparring effect in dogs induced with thiopental compared to Group II and Group III showed better sparring effect in dogs maintained with isoflurane compared to Group I and Group II. The recovery time was non-significantly lowered in Group III followed by Group I and Group II which could be due to dexmedetomidine-fentanyl produced smooth and fast recovery compared to xylazine-tramadol and midazolam-butorphanol and complete recovery was also faster in Group III (GDF) compared to the Group I (GXT) and Group II (GMB). The recovery was smooth, fast and uneventful without any complication during observation periods in Group I (GXT) and Group III (GDF) as compared to Group II (GMB). Among all the three groups, significant difference at various observation periods in any parameters was not observed. Hence, it is concluded that the glycopyrrolate-dexmedetomidine-fentanyl (GDF) with thiopental induction and isoflurane maintenance was better followed by glycopyrrolate-xylazine-tramadol (GXT) and glycopyrrolate-Midazolam-butorphanol (GMB) anaesthetic protocol for different orthopedic and soft tissue surgeries in dogs.ThesisItem Open Access REPAIR EFFICIENCY OF CLINICAL ABDOMINAL HERNIAS USING DECELLULARIZED AORTIC AND DIAPHRAGMATIC MATRICES IN CATTLE(JAU,JUNAGADH, 2018-07) VORA SHRUTI D.; DR. VINEET KUMARIn this study aorta and diaphragm from buffalo were decellularized, and biocompatibility was evaluated on clinical abdominal hernias in cattle. Fresh aorta was decellularized using established procedure, whereas fresh tendinous diaphragm was decellularized with different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) over a range of periods. Decellularization completeness was confirmed histologically. Prepared matrices were further characterized by Masson’s trichrome and Weigert’s staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DNA quantification and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Twelve Gir cattle with clinical abdominal hernias were assigned into two equal groups: implanted with decellularized aortic matrix (DAM) and decellularized diaphragmatic matrix (DDM). Clinical, hematological, biochemical and erythrocytic antioxidants evaluation was carried to assess healing progress. Histologically, absence of cells and orderly arranged collagen fibres were observed in aorta treated with 1 % SDS for 24 h followed by 0.25 % trypsin for 2 h and again with 1 % SDS for 24 h, and in diaphragm treated with 2 % SDS for 48 h. SEM examination confirmed preservation of collagen fibrils arrangement within prepared matrices. Decrease in DNA content was highly significant (P < 0.001) in DAM (6.47 ± 1.26 ng/mg) as compared to native aorta (488.11 ± 49.12 ng/mg), whereas it was significant (P < 0.05) in DDM (33.13 ± 5.39 ng/mg) as compared to native diaphragm (443.95 ± 162.60 ng/mg). FTIR spectra of native aorta with peaks at 3302.24, 3067.88, 1658.84, 1526.71 and 1282.55 cm-1; DAM at 3340.82, 3057.27, 1665.59, 1529.60 and 1230.69; native diaphragm at 3386.15, 3062.10, 1664.72, 1532.39 and 1284.73 cm-1; and DDM at 3343.71, 3081.39, 1649.19, 1597.11 and 1220.02 were similar to that of amide bonds of bovine skin collagen. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, erythrocytic antioxidants evaluation revealed uncomplicated healing of abdominal hernias in both groups. Results presented in this study proved biocompatibility of buffalo DAM and DDM for abdominal hernioplasty in cattle.
