CLINICAL STUDIES IN LAMINITIC HORSES BASED ON RADIOGRAPHICAL, HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS ASSESSMENT
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Date
2018-10
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JAU,JUNAGADH
Abstract
Laminitis is caused by failure of the distal phalanx (coffin bone or third phalanx) to remain attached to the lamellae that line the inside of the hoof. For specific treatment some special diagnostic care like radiographical, haemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameters are required to be studied. So, The present study was carried out with the objective to evaluate 14 laminitic horses (Equus caballus) presented at clinic complex based on clinical history, radiographical, haemato-biochemical and oxidative stress assessment and accordingly management strategies were designed and instituted. Clinical history was classified based on age, sex, breed, type of feeding and hoof care. Majority of the laminitic cases were more than 10 year of age. Among those fourteen horses most of the cases were females (92.85%). Breed wise Kathiyawadi horses (57.14%) were more affected with laminitis. Feeding practice revealed that majority of owners offer Sorghum as dry fodder (64.28%), green grass (57.14%) as green fodder, whereas gram and barley (64.28%) as concentrate ration and black cumin (71.42%) as feed supplement. Among the 14 cases, majority of the owners housed their horses on pakka flooring. Majority of laminitic horse owners practiced regular hoof cleaning (92.85%). However, 85.71% owners followed hoof trimming and 50% practiced shoeing of horses. Clinical observations like rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate showed non-significant fluctuations between 14 laminitic and six apparently healthy horses. Most common clinical signs observed were mild or bounding positive digital pulse, lameness in walking, goose stepping, shorten stride, reluctancy to move, hooves found hot to touch and laminitic rings on hoof. Majority of the laminitic horses were under the body condition score 3 (Good), neck crest score 2 and neck circumference was 32.91 inches. Mean values of hematological parameters (hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count) of laminitic and normal horses were found non-significantly (P>0.05) different between the horses. The mean value of triglycerides (mg/dL) in laminitic horses (55.42 ± 6.26) was found significantly high (P<0.05) as compared to normal horses (21.66 ± 2.49). Statistically, mean value of cholesterol (mg/dL) level was significantly high (P<0.05) in laminitic horses (139.03 ± 10.36) in comparison to normal horses (116.33 ± 8.71). Mean value of ALT (U/L) (22.81 ± 6.26) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in laminitic horses as compared to normal horses. Statistically, significantly (P<0.05) increased mean value of total protein and albumin (g/dL) were recorded. However, mean value of glucose (mg/dL) was found highly significant (P<0.01) in laminitic horses when compared with normal horses. Rest of the biochemical
parameters like AST, blood urea nitrogen, globulin and A/G ratio did not differ significantly.
Radiographic parameters (CB: EP, SD, DOR, Palmer angle, HDPDP, and HDPDD) were observed in laminitic horses and normal horses. Significant (P<0.01) increase mean values of CB: EP, SD, HDPDP and HDPDD (mm) were observed in left leg, right leg and average mean of laminitic horses as compared to normal horses and comparison of degree of rotation and palmer angle between left leg, right leg.
The biomarkers of oxidative stress that used in present study to assess accurate measurement of stress in laminitic and healthy horses were catalase and reduced glutathione. Mean value of catalase (U/mL) in laminitic horses and healthy horses were 19.06 ± 2.97 and 13.27 ± 3.01, respectively. Mean value of catalase in laminitic horses were higher than healthy horses but found statistically non-significant (P>0.05). Mean values of reduced glutathione were 15.28 ± 10.9 and 17.28 ± 2.10 mmol/L in laminitic horses and normal horses, respectively. The differences in the values were statistically nonsignificant.
Contemplated on the bases of assessment of laminitic horses, appropriate therapeutic management strategies were designed and instituted as per the clinical merit of the cases, owners’ compliance and cost effectivity. Among the total 14 cases, a horse was condemned due to old age, 2 mares had laminitis accompanied with endometritis wherein after the treatment a positive improvement in the disease condition was noticed. A mare had degenerative laminitis and left ovary had many cysts surrounded by severe proliferated fibrous connective tissue as per the biopsy report wherein ovariotomy resulted in uneventful recovery in laminitis also. One horse had degenerative arthritic changes in left fore limb with primary acute laminitis did not yield to the treatment. A horse with severe rotation of 3rd phalanx in all the four limbs did not recover and showed tendency of recurrent lameness upon withdrawal of treatment. 1 mare had secondary acute laminitis with swelling on fetlock joint after the treatment didn’t successfully recovered and condition persisted. 1 mare had primary acute laminitis were managed uneventfully and assumed working and breeding soundness. Rest of 6 horses had chronic laminitis among them, one recovered successfully whereas five horses had severe rotation of pedal bone did not recover after the treatment.
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VETERINARY SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY