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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND WHEAT RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUMMER SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] 3734
    (JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-08) ARYA SINGH; Dr. R. M. SOLANKI; 2010121072
    A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) on medium black calcareous soil during summer season of 2022. The experiment was laid out in large plot technique having eight treatments of different tillage and wheat residue management practices viz., clean cultivation (residue removal) with no residue incorporation + ploughing + harrowing (T1), residue wheat straw burning + ploughing + harrowing (T2), wheat residue incorporation in soil through rotavator (T3) , wheat residue incorporation in soil through deep ploughing + rotavator + planking (T4), direct sowing with wheat residue retention - no tillage (T5), surface mulching of wheat straw @ 5 t/ha after clean cultivation through ploughing + harrowing (T6), wheat residue incorporation in soil using rotavator + Trichoderma viride @ 5 kg/ha + 5 kg N/ha (T7) and wheat residue incorporation in soil using rotavator + madhyam culture @ 5 kg/ha + 5 kg N/ha (T8). Soybean variety Gujarat Junagadh Soybean-3 was grown with adopting all standard package of practices. The results revealed that among all the tillage and wheat residue management treatments, wheat residue incorporation in soil using rotavator + madhyam culture @ 5 kg/ha + 5 kg N/ha and wheat residue incorporation in soil using rotavator + Trichoderma viride @ 5 kg/ha + 5 kg N/ha enhanced the growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant and dry matter production per plant, yield attributes, yield and quality components viz., number of pods per plant, seed and stover weight per plant, seed and stover yields, protein content and yield, oil yield, content and uptake of NPK by seed and stover along with significant influence on soil chemical and biological properties. Economic analysis showed that higher gross, net returns and B:C ratio were obtained by summer soybean crop under same treatments. On the basis of the results obtained from one year experiment, it can be concluded that effective management of wheat residues along with profitable production of summer soybean, higher content and uptake of nutrients by soybean as well as better soil health can be achieved by adopting either wheat residue incorporation in soil using rotavator + madhyam culture 5 kg/ha + 5 kg N/ha OR wheat residue incorporation in soil using rotavator + Trichoderma viride 5 kg/ha + 5 kg N/ha in medium black calcareous soil of south Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “EVALUATION OF SOME COW-BASED BIO-ENHANCERS AND BOTANICALS FOR ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” 3733
    (JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-08) RASHMI JADAV; G. S. Vala; 2010121050
    Banana sap, Fenugreek, Jeevamrut, Organic farming, Panchagavya, Seaweed extract, Trigonella foenum-graecum An experiment was conducted on medium black calcareous clayey soil to evaluate some cow-based bio-enhancers and botanicals for organic cultivation of fenugreek (var. GF-2) during rabi-2021 at Certified Organic Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experiment comprising 12 treatments viz., Panchagavya as foliar spray 3% at 30 and 45 DAS, Jeevamrut @ 500 L/ha with irrigation at sowing, 30 and 45 DAS, Banana sap as foliar @ 1% at 30 and 45 DAS and Seaweed extract as foliar spray @ 3.5% at 30 and 45 DAS were evaluated alone and supplemented with FYM 2 t/ha in comparison to FYM 4 t/ha + Biofertilizers, FYM 4 t/ha, Control and 100% RDF (outside the organic plot) in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that next to 100% RDF, application of FYM @ 4 t/ha + (Rhizobium @ 30 ml/kg seed+ PSB @ 3 L/ha+ KSB @ 3 L/ha), Panchagavya as foliar spray @ 3% at 30 and 45 DAS + FYM @ 2 t/ha and Jeevamrut @ 500 L/ha with irrigation at sowing, 30 and 45 DAS+ FYM @ 2 t/ha found significantly higher in terms of growth parameters and yield attributes along with higher seed yield (1176 kg/ha), stover yields (2294 kg/ha). The quality parameters viz., protein content, available NPK and organic carbon were found superior under the FYM @ 4 t/ha + Biofertilizers (Rhizobium@30 ml/kg seed+ PSB @3 L/ha+ KSB @ 3 L/ha). Name of Student Rashmi Jadav Major Guide Dr. G. S. Vala ii On the basis of the results obtained from the present one year investigation, it seems quite logical to conclude that higher production and net returns from fenugreek (var. GF-2) under organic farming can be secured by application of Panchagavya as foliar spray @3% at 30 and 45 DAS along with FYM 2 t/ha or FYM @ 4 t/ha along with Biofertilizers (Rhizobium @ 30 ml/kg seed + PSB @ 3 L/ha + KSB @ 3 L/ha) which also maintain physico-chemical properties of medium black calcareous clayey soil under South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    GENETIC ARCHITECTURE FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] 3732
    (JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-08) BHIMANI RONAKKUMAR ASHOKBHAI; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] 3732; 2010121009
    Half-diallel, Heterosis, Combining ability, Gene action, Genetic components of variation, Graphical analysis, Indian mustard. The present investigation on Indian mustard comprised of half diallel set of eight parent including standard check GDM 4 and their 28 crosses. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Amreli during Rabi 2021-22. Heterosis, combining ability, gene action, components of genetic variance and graphical analysis were studied for fifteen characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main branch (cm), number of branches per plant, number of siliques per plant, number of siliques on main branch, siliqua length (cm), number of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (per cent), oil content (per cent) and protein content (per cent). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the trait studied. Mean square due to parents vs. hybrids comparison were significant for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of siliques per plant, number of siliques on main branches, number of seeds per siliqua, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant and protein content. The magnitude of heterotic effects was high for traits viz., number of branches per plant, number of siliques per plant, number of siliques on main branch, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index. A perusal of relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis indicated that crosses TM 21 x GM 2, GDM 4 x Vaibhav and Bio E 1 x TM 21 found the most promising for seed yield and other desirable traits. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to GCA were significant for all the characters. While mean squares due to SCA were significant for all the traits, except days to plant height and siliqua length. The potence ratio was less than unity for all the traits, except days to maturity and plant height indicated that non-additive effects was predominant. The estimates of general combining ability effects suggested that parents Bio E 1 and GM 2 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and its related attributes. However, parent Bio E 1 was also best general combiner for the days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of siliques per plant, number of seed per siliqua and harvest index per cent, and parent GM 2 was also significant for number of siliques on main branch, 1000 seed weight and biological yield per plant. The estimates of specific combining ability effect indicated that three cross combinations viz., TM 21 x GM 2, GDM 4 x Vaibhav and Bio E 1 x TM 21 had significant and desirable sca effects for seed yield per plant and some of its related traits. The parents had greater diversity as their array points scattered throughout the graph for all the traits. The graphical analysis also indicted that all the traits controlled by over or complete dominance, except days to maturity, number of siliques per plant, number of siliques on main branch and protein content, which showed partial dominance. Estimation of variance due to D and H components revealed that additive as well as dominance gene actions were involved in the inheritance of most of the traits studied with preponderance of non-additive gene action. These findings were also confirmed by estimates of GCA/SCA variance ratios. Average degree of dominance was found in the range of partial dominance to over dominance for all the characters. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in the parental lines was observed for all the characters, exceptsiliqua length. An unequal frequency of dominant and recessive genes in the parents indicated that more number of dominant genes was reported in most of the traits except for days to maturity, plant height and 1000 seed weight in which proportion of recessive genes were more. Heritability (ns) estimates was low for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, length of main branch, number of branches per plant, number of siliques per plant, siliqua length, number of seeds per siliqua, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, oil content and protein content; moderate for number of siliques on main branch and 1000 seed weight; and high for siliqua length. Present outcome revealed that the parent NPJ 95 and Rohini exhibited high per se performance and good general combining ability for seed yield and its related characters. Likewise, the hybrids TM 21 x GM 2, GDM 4 x Vaibhav and Bio E 1 x TM 21 manifested highest per se performance, better heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis as well as good specific combining ability effects which could be used for commercial exploitation of heterosis for seed yield improvement programme in Indian mustard. The results obtained through graphical approach also supported combining ability analysis which revealed that both additive and non- additive gene actions were important for most of the traits. Thus, breeding methods like biparental mattings, inter matting of selected plants in early segregating generations should be attempted and post ponding selection up to later generations should be attempt which meets the requirement of utilization of both types of gene actions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF LIGHT ON BIOLOGY, VARIETAL SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT OF LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica Fab.) IN STORED MAIZE 3731
    (JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-07) DAMOR MUKTI BABUBHAI; P. V. Patel; 2010121014
    Light and dark effect on biology, varietal susceptibility, botanicals powders/oil, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), maize Investigations were carried out at the Post Graduate Storage Laboratory, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2022-2023 on “Effect of light on biology, varietal screening and management of lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica Fab.) in stored maize”. The study on the effect of light on the biology of R. dominica was made on maize variety GAWMH-2 under laboratory conditions at an average temperature of 30 ± 1˚C and 70 ± 5 per cent RH. The freshly laid eggs were white, translucent, typically round at one end and pointed at another end and turn into light red colour which was an indication of the advancing incubation period. The highest incubation period was recorded at 24 hr light 7.96 ± 0.97 days, while the lowest was observed at 24 hr dark 6.48 ± 0.77 days and in 16 hr Light: 8 hr Dark incubation period was 6.64 ± 0.81 days. The newly hatched larva was white with a brownish head. The larva entered the grain and complete the larval and pupal stages within the grain. Thus, the total larval and pupal period was recorded. The shortest larval duration was observed at 24 hr dark 31.5± 2.04 days, whereas the longest one was shown at 24 hr light 42.48 ± 2.29 days and in 16 hr Light: 8 hr dark 32 ± 2.78 days. These results show that continuous light increases the larval developmenal period. Total developmental period 44.88 ± 2.81 days in 24 hr dark, 51.96 ± 2.44 days in 24 hr light and at 16 hr Light: 8 hr 45.92 ± 3.16 days. In 24 hr light Pre- oviposition, oviposition and post- oviposition average duration were 7.08 ± 0.95, 33.4 ± 2.78 and 6.28 ± 0.93 days, respectively. Pre oviposition, oviposition and post- oviposition average duration in 24 hr darkness were 6.90 ± 1.20, 36.4 ± 3.35 and 6.64 ± 0.75 days and in 16 hr Light: 8 hr Dark were 6.24 ± 1.05, 34.52 ± 3.08 and 6.52 ± 0.65 days, respectively. Adults in 24 hr darkness lived longer, with the males' average longevity 35.64 ± 1.86 days, whereas in females 42.08 ± 2.08 days than those reared under continuous 24 hr light, the males longevity was 33.68 ± 1.79 days, whereas in case of females average longevity was 39.56 ± 2.53 days. The decrease of light from 24 hr to 16 hr light and 8 hr Dark average longevity of males was 35.08 ± 1.63 days and in females it was 40.24 ± 2.31 days. Fifteen maize varieties/genotypes were screened to know their resistance/ susceptibility against R. dominica. Significantly minimum adults developed (40.59), per cent loss (7.65) and per cent germination loss (12.94) after 6 months of storage period was observed in the variety GYH-1907 followed by GWH-1706. The chronological order of superiority of the varieties based on overall performance was GYH-1907 > GWH-1706 > GYH-2111 > GWH-1704 > GYH-2107 > GYH-2107 > GWH-2006 > GWH-1902 > GYH-2003> GYH-2109>GWHQP-1806>GWHQPM 1802 > GWH-2106 > GWH-2102 > GYH-0965 > GYH-1901. In the evalution of different nine botanical oils @ 10 ml per kg and powders 10 g per kg of maize grains were tested for their efficacy in protecting stored maize against R. dominica. Maximum adult mortality and minimum grain damage were recorded in grain tested with neem seed kernel powder and neem oil. Castor oil, karanj oil, mustard oil, black pepper powder and garlic powder were found medium in their effectiveness. Clove and mint powder were the least effective against R. dominica in maize. The per cent adult mortality decreased as the storage period increased. The highest germination (86.01 %) was observed in seed treated with neem seed kernel powder and it was at par with neem oil (83.72 %) treated seed as compared to control (63.34 % germination).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ARCHITECTURE FOR HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN SESAME [Sesamum indicum (L.)] 3730
    (JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-08) PAVAN G. S.; C. A. Babariya; 2010121081
    The present investigation was undertaken in order to estimate the heterosis, combining ability and gene action for yield and its components in sesame [Sesamum indicum (L.)] through line × tester analysis. The experimental materials comprised of nine lines, four testers and resultant 36 hybrids along with a one standard check (GJT 6). The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at Sagdividi Farm, Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh during Kharif, 2022. The observations were recorded for 11 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), height up to first capsule (cm), number of branches per plant, capsule length (cm), number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g) and oil content (%). Analysis of variance for experimental design revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits indicating the presence of sufficient amount of genetic variability for all the traits under study. The mean squares due to parents were highly significant for all other traits except height up to first capsule (cm), number of capsules per plant and oil content (%) indicating substantial amount of genetic variability present among the parents. The mean squares due to hybrids were also found significant for all other characters except height up to first capsule (cm). Mean square due to parent vs. hybrids were also found highly significant for all other traits except for capsule length (cm), number of capsules per plant, 1000 seed weight (g) and oil content (%) in parents indicating the presence of considerable genetic diversity in the material studied. The data on mean performance revealed that the performance of crosses was better than parental lines. Among the lines, NIC 10657 exhibited highest seed yield per plant followed by Kapati 131 and IC 132251. Among testers, NOL 17-09 exhibited the highest fruit yield per plant along with superiority for majority of characters. Considering per se performance of hybrids, the superior cross combinations for seed yield per plant were NIC 10657 × GT 1, NIC 10657 × GJT 5 and NIC 10657 × GT 10. These cross combinations also had high per se performance for one or more seed yield component traits. The estimates of heterobeltiosis for seed yield per plant ranged from -33.61 per cent to 95.01 per cent, while standard heterosis ranged from -31.03 per cent to 50.43 per cent. The cross combination viz., 076-31 × GT 3 had highest, significant and desirable heterobeltiosis followed by NIC 8427 × GT 3 and NZC 8476 × GJT 5. The cross NIC 10657 × GT 1 exhibited highest significant heterosis towards positive direction over standard check (GJT 6) followed by NIC 10657 × GJT 5 and NIC 10657 × GT 10. These crosses also exhibited desirable heterosis for various yield component traits. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that the mean squares due to lines were highly significant for all other traits except capsule length (cm), number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and 1000 seed weight (g). Whereas, the mean squares due to testers were significant for all other traits except height up to first capsule (cm), number of branches per plant and oil content (%). In case of mean squares due to line × tester, they were found highly significant for all the other characters under investigation except height up to first capsule (cm), number of capsules per plant and 1000 seed weight (g). The ratio of σ2 gca/σ2 sca was less than one for all other characters except for height up to first capsule (cm), number of capsules per plant and 1000 seed weight (g) which confirmed the preponderance of non-additive gene action for those traits. Lines TS 1234, ES 22, NIC 10657 and IC 132251 and the testers GT 1 and GT 10 displayed high GCA effect for seed yield per plant and desirable traits like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule length and 1000 seed weight. These parents possessed high concentration of favourable gene for more number of traits and should be utilized in multiple crossing programme. The cross combinations viz., NIC 10657 × GT 1, ES 22 × GJT 5 and 076-31 × GT 3 were found to be good specific cross combinations for seed yield per plant which were in combination of good × poor, average × poor and poor × average combiners, respectively. Crosses with high SCA effects for seed yield per plant also depicted high SCA effects for important seed yield attributes viz.,days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and oil content (%). The most of the crosses exhibiting high SCA effect involved either average × good, poor × poor, average × poor or good × good general combiners, for majority of the characters studied.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND BRAND LOYALTY TOWARDS PEPSICO” 3729
    (JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-07) NAMA LAKSHMI PRIYANKA; C. D. Lakhlani; 2072121029
    The present study entitled “CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND BRAND LOYALTY TOWARDS PEPSICO” was undertaken with the objectives of studying the consumers perceptions related to PepsiCo, the factors influencing customer preference towards PepsiCo, consumer buying behaviour pertaining to PepsiCo, the factors influencing brand loyalty of consumers towards Pepsi and the comparative analysis of Pepsi and Coke in the selected areas of Prakasam district. 240 respondents were selected for the study purpose. Out of this 100 were consumers of Pepsi, 100 were consumers of Tropicana, 20 company employees of Pepsi and 20 company employees of Coke. The Principal Component Analysis, Conjoint analysis, Simple tabular analysis and SWOT analysis through Internal Factor Evaluation matrix and External Factor Evaluation matrix were used for the analysis. The result revealed that consumer perceptions, preferences and buying behaviour towards PepsiCo products, specifically Pepsi and Tropicana. Consumers perception associated with Pepsi influenced by factors such as content and packaging, price, advertisement. Tropicana's perception was influenced by taste, quality, pricing and affordability and promotional strategies. Packaging was the most influential factor in customer preferences towards soft drinks, followed by brand and price. Major factors influencing consumer buying behavior for Pepsi and Tropicana included brand perception and social influence, purchasing quantity and personal preferences. Brand loyalty of Pepsi was mostly influenced by brand image, product displays, product quality, brand name and product price. Comparative analysis between Pepsi and Coke using SWOT analysis showed both brands performed well. POST GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF AGRI-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY JUNAGADH CERTIFICATE - I This is to certify that the project work report entitled “CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND BRAND LOYALTY TOWARDS PEPSICO” submitted by Ms. NAMA LAKSHMI PRIYANKA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT to the Junagadh Agricultural University is a record of bonafide project work carried out by her under my guidance and supervision and the project work has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar title. The candidate has fulfilled all prescribed requirements. The assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been fully acknowledged. She has successfully completed the comprehensive/preliminary examination held on March, 2023 as required under the regulation for post-graduate studies. She has submitted kachha bound project work report
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESMENT OF MOLECULAR DIVERSITY AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION IN MILLETS 3728
    (JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-07) CHOVATIYA NEHA DINESHBHAI; M. V. PARAKHIA; 2010121013
    The present experiment on “Assessment of Molecular Diversity and Proximate Composition in Millets” was conducted at Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh with objectives to analyze three different millets varieties (Barnyard Millet, Pearl millet and Sorghum, 5 varieties of each) for proximate and molecular diversity using PCR based molecular marker viz. Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) as well as to find out the phylogenic relationship among different millet varieties. Fifteen millet varieties were selected for the proximate and molecular study. Among the proximate parameters, the higher value of true protein content was observed in sorghum, the variety AFS-69, with 21.47 %, while the lower value of true protein content was recorded in barnyard millet, the variety BAR-1406, with 5.54%. The total carbohydrate content was recorded at a maximum of 85.59 % in pearl millet, the variety GHB-905, while a minimum of 42.58 % was recorded in pearl millet, the variety GHB-1231. Elements like calcium content was maximum in the variety GHB 732 of pearl millet with 36.25 mg/100 g, and the minimum was in GHB-905 variety of pearl millet with 10.69 mg/100 g. Elements like iron content was maximum in the variety GHB-1232 of pearl millet with 17.60 mg/100 g, and the minimum was in BAR-1407 variety of barnyard millet with 3.52 mg/100 g. The highest ash content (5.3 %) was observed in the variety BAR-1409 of barnyard millet and the lowest (1.07 %) was in the variety GHB-732 of pearl millet. Maximum oil content was recorded in the BAR-1406 variety of barnyard millet with 7.84 %, while the minimum was in the variety AFS-53 of sorghum with 3.14 %. Maximum mean value of fiber was observed in the variety BAR-1410 of barnyard millet with 12.44 % and the lowest 2.99 % was in the variety GHB-1225 of pearl millet. Abstract Total 10 SRAP primer combinations generated 66 bands in which 65 bands were polymorphic having 56 shared and 9 unique bands with an average of 6.5 bands per primer and 98.75 % polymorphism per primer. The SRAP primers augmented fragment size ranged from 108 bp in primer SRAP-03 to 2103 bp in primer SRAP-01. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values for SRAP marker were ranged from 0.60 (SRAP-08) to 0.86 (SRAP-04) with an average value of 0.78 per primer and SRAP primer index (SPI) varied from 1.81 (SRAP-08) to 7.82 (SRAP-04) with an average value of 5.33. The similarity coefficient of clusters analysis was ranged from constructed by UPGMA method generated two main clusters and similarity coefficient was ranged between 18 % to 73 %. Genetic similarity was determined for each pair of fifteen varieties by Jaccard’s similarity coefficient which revealed that the lowest similarity of 5 % was noticed between GAFS-11and BAR-1410, while the highest similarity of 73.3 % was noticed between GHB-732 and GHB-1231 varieties. The data generated from the proximate composition studied may be used for the breeding method for the development of new hybrid varieties, while the molecular marker SRAP combination reported in this study could be used for the DNA fingerprinting of millet varieties.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF BENDING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON GROWTH, CUT FLOWER YIELD AND QUALITY OF ROSE CV. TOP SECRET UNDER PROTECTED CONDITION 3727
    (JAU JUNAGADH, 2023-07) DUDHAT MANSI JAGADISHBHAI; D. K. Varu; 2020621005
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of bending and plant growth regulator on growth, cut flower yield and quality of rose cv. Top Secret under protected condition” was carried out at green house unit-3, Hi-tech Horticulture Park, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during the year 2022. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with twenty treatment combinations, consisting five level of bending i.e., no bending (B0), bending at shoot junction (B1), bending above 1st leaf bud (B2), bending above 2nd leaf bud (B3) and bending above 3rd leaf bud (B4) and four level of growth regulator viz., 150 ppm benzyl adenine (G1), 200 ppm benzyl adenine (G2), 250 ppm benzyl adenine (G3) and water spray (G4). The treatments were replicated four times. The results revealed that the variation due to different bending treatments was found significant and maximum number of leaves (65.47), maximum shoot length (64.24 cm), maximum flower bud diameter (1.84 cm), maximum flower head diameter (7.57 cm), maximum stalk length (46.06 cm), highest stalk diameter (4.93 mm), maximum number of cut flowers per plant (1.98) and per 1000 sq.m. (13864.34), maximum fresh weight of flower (13.80 g), highest in-situ longevity of flower (15.12) and maximum vase life of flower (10.43) were reported in treatment of bending at shoot junction (B1). Whereas, highest plant height at first flower opening (84.94 cm) and at full bloom stage (85.73 cm), maximum number of branches (2.93), highest leaf area (37.88 cm2 ) and minimum days to first flower bud appearance (29.33) were noted with no bending treatment (B0); stem diameter (6.95 mm) and dry weight of flower (3.36 g) were recorded maximum with bending above 1st leaf bud (B2); maximum number of petals (60.08) was obtained with bending above 2nd leaf bud (B3) and maximum flower bud length (2.68 cm) was exhibited with bending above 3rd leaf bud (B4). For plant growth regulator, the result was also observed significant and maximum stem diameter (6.75 mm), maximum flower head diameter (7.18 cm), maximum number of cut flowers per plant (1.98) and per 1000 sq.m. (13830.07), highest fresh weight (13.68 g), highest dry weight (3.00 g), maximum in-situ longevity of flower (15.65) and maximum vase life of flower (10.31) were noted in treatment of 200 ppm benzyl adenine (G2). Whereas, maximum shoot length (64.42 cm), maximum flower bud length (2.71 cm), highest stalk length (44.33 cm), highest stalk diameter (4.78 mm) and maximum number of petals (57.06) were observed in treatment of 150 ppm benzyl adenine (G1) and treatment of 250 ppm benzyl adenine (G3) obtained highest number of leaves per branch (62.50) and maximum leaf area (33.31 cm2 ). The result indicated that among interaction effect of bending and plant growth regulator, maximum flower head diameter (8.65 cm), maximum in-situ longevity of flower (18.33) and maximum vase life of flower (12.00) were reported in bending at shoot junction with 200 ppm benzyl adenine (B1G2). While, bending above 2nd leaf bud with 150 ppm benzyl adenine (B3G1) was found better with number of petals per flower (72.49). However, the interaction effect was found non-significant for plant height at first flower opening, plant height at full bloom stage, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per branch, leaf area, shoot length at full bloom stage, stem diameter at peak flowering stage, plant spread (E-W) and (N-S), days to first flower bud appearance, days to first flower opening, flower bud length, flower bud diameter, flowering span, stalk length, pedicel length of flower, stalk diameter at the base of cut flower, number of cut flowers per plant and per 1000 sq.m., fresh weight and dry weight of cut flower