Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Open Access
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDIAN WILLOW (Salix tetrasperma Roxb.)
(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-12) SHARMA, JAI PAL; SANKHYAN, H P
ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Genetic Diversity of Indian Willow (Salix tetrasperma Roxb.)” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2015-2019 to assess the genetic diversity among various genotypes through morphological and molecular markers. Genotypes of the species from northern India were evaluated in common garden experiment. These were grouped into five latitudinal and four altitudinal ranges for morphological study and five populations for studying population diversity and structure. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, sites, latitudes and altitude ranges for all the traits. The plant height, basal diameter and biomass characters were recorded maximum for Suhanpur site.Number of nodes, internodal length and root length was recorded maximum for Devamanal, Rupnagar and Chamba sites, respectively. Udaipur and Bhunter sites recorded maximum foliage durations and sprouting days, respectively. Whereas, Devamanal site showed longest lamina and leaf length and Udaipur recorded maximum breadth of lamina. Dasua recorded maximum petiole length and Udaipur highest leaf area. Numbers of leaf teeth were observed maximum for Jammu site. The variability estimates exhibited high variability, high heritability along with genetic advance as percentage of mean. Linear regression analysis depicted that only characters foliage duration, leaf area and root length were under the influence of latitude. Whereas basal diameter, internodal length, number of nodes, maximum breadth of lamina, leaf area and all the biomass characters were affected by altitude. Principal component analysis extracted 82.85 percent of the total variance in five components. In genetic divergence studies 21 sites could be grouped into three clusters based on Ward’s method, separating sites of Punjab and Rajasthan from others. UPGMA dendrogram categorized all the genotypes used into five, four and three clusters with RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers, respectively. RAPD primers viz., OPC-02, OPL-08, OPL-09, OPA-01, DECA7, OPS-07, OPA-02; ISSR primers viz., UBC835, 814, ISSR1, ISSR7, 840, ISSR94, ISSR98, ISSR91 and SSR primers viz., SB100, ORPM28, ORPM21, WPMS18, WPMS03, ORPM488, ORPM496, PTR1 were found to be desirable due to higher polymorphic information content, marker index, resolving power, expected heterozygosity and are further suggested for genetic differentiation studies in willows. Higher observed heterozygosity than expected heterozygosity and negative fixation index through SSR markers confirmed outcrossing nature of the species. Phi-statistics of ISSR and F- Statistics of SSR revealed more variation among individuals within populations than among populations. The genetic differentiation (Fst) was significant and moderate with ISSR (0.138) and SSR (0.081) markers. Pairwise population of gene flow (Nm) values based on Fst values among populations showed the effect of geographic distance on migration of alleles. Pairwise population matrix of Nei genetic distance was obtained maximum between JK and HP1 populations. Bayesian clustering pattern through STRUCTURE software was supported by scatter plot diagram of principal coordinate analysis and dendrogram of molecular and morphological data.
Open Access
DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRIDS IN Bauhinia variegata
(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-08) THAKUR, LALIT; THAKUR, I K
ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Development of hybrids in Bauhinia variegata L.” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2015-2017. Plant material of 5 genotypes involving parents NA-7, PI-28, SU-11, JA-1 and DH-27 were taken from the already raised progeny trial of the species and control crosses (hybrids) were developed using 5×5 full diallel (including reciprocals) mating design. Seedlings of control crosses and parents were raised in the polybags in RBD with three replications. Various pod, seed and seedling characters were evaluated through heterosis, combining ability and gene action. The analysis of variance revealed considerable variability for different characters. Per cent successful crosses were highest (24.00%) in NA-7×PI-28, NA-7×SU-11, SU-11×NA-7 and SU-11×PI-28 and lowest (16.00%) were in NA-7× DH-27, SU11× JA-1, SU-11×DH-27 and DH-27×JA-1. Among parents maximum survival per cent was recorded in parents NA-7 and DH-27 i.e. 100.00 per cent whereas minimum in SU-11 (76.67%). Among crosses PI-28×NA-7, PI28×SU-11, DH-27×NA-7, NA-7×SU-11, DH-27×PI-28, SU-11×DH-27 and JA-1×DH-27 recorded maximum (86.67%) survival whereas minimum (43.44%) survival was noted in DH-27×JA-1. Full diallel analysis for combining ability revealed that NA-7 and PI-28 were found good general combiners for most of the characters. On the basis of mean performance, heterosis over better parent and significant desirable SCA effects for morphological characters the cross combinations NA-7×PI-28 (direct cross) and PI-28×NA-7 (reciprocal cross) were found to be the most promising. The pod length, pod width and number of seeds per pod showed the predominance of additive gene action in controlling the expression of these characters. Both the GCA and SCA variances were highly significant for seed weight per pod, seed width and seed length indicating the existence of variability due to both additive and non-additive (dominant or epistatic) gene(s) effects. The GCA: SCA (ơ2g/ ơ2s) ratio indicated the importance of additive gene action over non-additive gene action governing these characters. Seedling height and collar diameter revealed the predominant role of additive gene action in governing these characters. Both GCA and SCA variances were significant for number of leaves per plant, petiole length, leaf area, number of branches per plant and internodal length indicating the existence of variability due to both additive and non-additive (dominance and/or epistasis) gene(s) effects. The estimates of GCA: SCA (ơ2g/ ơ2s) ratio indicated the importance of non-additive gene action over additive genetic gene action governing these characters. Significantly high reciprocal variance was found in number of leaves per plant. Out of 19 RAPD primers three were successful in confirming hybridity.
Open Access
STUDIES ON COMBINING ABILITY, GENE ACTION AND HETEROSIS IN Bauhinia variegata L.
(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-03) ASHINE, TESFAYE; THAKUR, I K
ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on combining ability, gene action and heterosis in Bauhinia variegata L” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2016-2018. Plant material of 10 genotypes involving 6 female (P3,P8,P16,P24,P27and P32) and 4 male (P12,P13,P14 and P17) were taken from the already raised progeny trial of the species and control crossed using Line x Tester (6 x 4 factorial) mating design. Seedlings of control crosses were raised in the nursery in RBD and were evaluated for morphological and growth characters. Per cent successful cross was highest in P32 × P17 (62.50 %) and minimum in P8 × P13 (13.33 %). Maximum number of seeds per pod (9.97) was recorded in cross P 16 × P 12. Maximum germination percentage (94.12) in cross P3 x P12 and survival percentage (96.30) in P16 × P13 was recorded. Line x tester analysis for combining ability revealed that lineP16followed byP32,P27and P3and testerP17 followed byP14were found to be good general combiners. On the basis of heterosis over better parent, mean performance and significant desirable SCA effects for morphological and growth characters, the combinations P16 × P14,P32×P17 and P3 × P17were found to be the most promising families. The estimates of SCA variance (δ2SCA) were more than the GCA variance (δ2GCA) for most of the characters except forcollar diameter and number of branches. The gene action study revealed the importance of both additive as well as non-additive gene effects in the inheritance with preponderance of non-additive gene action. The proportional contribution of lines was higher than individual contribution of testers or line × tester interaction except for plant height, leaf area, internodal length, root fresh weight and root dryweight. Out of 25 RAPD primers fiveprimers weresuccessful in verifying hybridity. Signature of the Student Signature of Major Advisor (Tesfaye Ashine) (Dr. IK Thakur) Date:
Open Access
PROGENY ANALYSIS IN WILD POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum L.)
(UHF,NAUNI, 2018-07) SINGH, THIYAM JEFFERSON; GUPTA, TARA
ABSTRACT The study entitled “Progeny analysis in Wild Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)” was conducted in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources during the year 2015-17 with the aim to evaluate the selected parent trees, fruits and nursery performance of the half sibs and full progeny. Selection of the trees based on fruit characteristics and pedigree analysis of hybrids using RAPD from the promising progenies. Three locations were randomly selected viz. Tatool (L1) district Solan, Narag (L2) and Daron (L3) district Sirmour (H.P). The fruit samples from Tatool location proclaimed assuring fruit length (56.36 mm) and width (53.30 mm) in tree number 2 with ovate shape which also has a promising average fruit weight of 47.43 g greater than the mean of all the locations with a desirable TSS value of 17.13. Maximum value in fruit traits were obtained from open pollination as compared to controlled cross combination for all the characters except fruit weight and fresh seed weight with aril. The maximum fresh seed weight with aril was recorded from genotype L3T2 having ovate fruits. The nursery stage growth of the half sib seedlings from L3T3 and L3T5 have shown promising mean height of 62.05 cm and highest mean collar diameter of 5.32 mm respectively. So, the half sibs from Daron location performed best for seedling height as compared to the half sibs from other location. The fruit borer incidence of 9.67 % was recorded from Daron location tree number 1, bearing oval fruits followed by two other genotype with oval shape also resulted in lesser incidence of the borer. The highest titrable acidity was recorded from genotype L3T3 with elliptical shape which is beneficial for Anardana/condiments processing. The tree genotypes bearing ovate and elliptical shaped fruits can be preferred for better fruit size selection. High heritability was observed for percent germination and seedling height at six month age. Reputed fresh weight of seed without aril and germination percent was observed in L2T2 X L3T3 crosses indicating favourable growth of the seedlings. The cross combination L1T1 X L2T1 has proved to be better with respect to fruit quality biochemical estimates. The fruit from the crosses viz. L2T4 X L2T1 and L2T2 X L2T1 have shown lesser incidences of the borer attack. High genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain were observed for fresh weight of fruit, fresh rind weight, rind thickness and number of leaves per seedlings. The hybrids so obtained were tested for their pedigree using 21 RAPD markers of which 3 primers revealed the clue for hybridity. RAPD banding pattern obtained after the amplification of genomic DNA of parent trees and their seven hybrids expressed the similar patterns.
Open Access
MORPHOGENETIC VARIATION OF SEABUCKTHORN (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) IN SPITI VALLEY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-12) KAIRON, VINOD KUMAR; SANKHYAN, H.P.
ABSTRACT The study entitled “Morphogenetic Variation of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in Spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the year 2014-17 with the aim to evaluate morphological variation, variation in fodder quality traits, variation in physical and chemical characteristics of berries, seed oil and deoiled cake and and molecular characterization of morphovariants using RAPD of different gene pools of Hippophae rhamnoides under different gene pool areas and growing conditions. Nine gene pool areas and three growing conditions within gene pool areas selected for the study showed wide variation among different morphological, fodder quality traits, physical and chemical characteristics of berries, seed oil and deoiled cake. Morphological traits (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf density, no. of thorn, 100 fruits fresh weight, fruit diameter and 100 seed weight) differed positively significant among the gene pool areas and growing conditions, except branch length. All proximate leaf composition (100 leaf fresh weight, 100 leaf dry weight, crude fiber, crude protein and total ash) and mineral nutrient (nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium) compositions showed significant difference between the gene pool areas and growing conditions for all the parameters except for leaf dry matter content and phosphorus. All physical and chemical characteristics of berries (pulp%, ascorbic acid and total sugar content), per cent seed oil, physico-chemical traits of oil (specific gravity, acid value, iodine value and saponification value) and deoiled seed cake (protein content, starch content and total sugar content) showed significant under different gene pool areas and growing conditions for all the traits, except for physical characteristics (refractive index and specific gravity) of seed oil. The RAPD fragments obtained after the amplification of genomic DNA for 27 genotypes. Total 89 RAPD markers were amplified and 71 out of 89 were found to be polymorphic in nature. The size range of polymorphic bands was 100 bp to 2,500 bp. The Jaccard's similarity correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.520 to 0.879. The highest value (0.879) was found between 87.9 per cent was found between GPA3GC1 and GPA3GC2 followed by 0.853 between GPA4GC1 and GPA8GC1 genotypes. In overall, GPA4 (Schilling) gene pool area proved to be the best among different gene pool areas on the basis of fodder quality traits. GPA3 (Sheigo) was found to be best in all gene pool areas for physical and chemical characteristics of berries, seed oil and deoiled seed cake. Among different growing conditions, GC3 (Crop Land) growing condition was found to be top ranking for most of morphological traits, fodder quality traits, and physical and chemical characteristics of berries, seed oil and deoiled seed cake. So Seabuckthorn can be used as agroforestry crop in different systems and designs. Based on the morphological variation, variation in fodder quality traits, variation in physical and chemical characteristics of berries, seed oil and deoiled cake observations it was evident that large diversity exists in naturally growing populations of Hippophae rhamnoides in the Spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh, and this morphological variation can be exploited for the further selection of suitable genotypes to accelerate the domestication process of this important species.
Open Access
ASSOCIATION GENETICS IN POPULUS DELTOIDES
(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-12) THAKUR, SHIKHA; THAKUR, SANJEEV
ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Association genetics in Populus deltoides” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2013-2016. There is a collection of Populus deltoides clones procured from different countries namely USA, Australia and parts of India and maintained in the germplasm block of Naganji nursery from which ninety five clones were included in the study. Cuttings were raised in the nursery in RBD with three replications at 50 cm X 50 cm spacing and were evaluated for morphological characters in field as well as wood and molecular studies in laboratory. Analysis of variance revealed that all morphological traits were significantly different in nature. On the basis of clustering of morphological and wood traits, ninety five clones were distributed into five distinct clusters suggesting the presence of different sources of relationships amongst the clones. The gene action study revealed that additive variance was observed more than the dominance variance for most of the parameters studied except for growth traits. Growth traits expressed highly significant and positive genotypic as well as phenotypic correlation. Ninety five clones were tested for their genetic diversity using hundred SSR markers out of which ninety three gave results and sixteen ISSR markers out of which ten markers gave results. Results disclosed that dendrogram generated from ninety three SSR markers divided whole population of ninety five clones into two major clusters whereas dendrogram generated from ISSR markers depicted that whole population was divided into three major clusters. The structure analysis from SSR data revealed that the population gets divided into two sub-populations whereas from ISSR data, it was clear that the population gets divided into three sub-populations indicating the level of diversity existing in the population. On the basis of population structure analysis it is concluded that this clonal population structure is diverse. Results from genetic diversity analysis as well as STRUCUTRE analysis showed that the clustering pattern of the genotypes in STRUCUTRE analysis were almost similar to the splitting in the UPGMA tree which reveals that all the genotypes were clustered better with two clusters in SSR markers and three clusters in case of ISSR markers. Association studies of commercially important wood traits were conducted using ISSR and SSR marker data. Some important associations of markers with specific gravity of poplar wood were found in case of SSR markers whereas with ISSR markers, various associations of holocellulose and lignin content were obtained.
Open Access
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF POPLAR (Populus deltoides) CLONES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR DESCRIPTORS
(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-11) PURUSHOTTAM, AYATE DIPIKA; THAKUR, SANJEEV
ABSTRACT The present study entitled “Morphological and molecular characterization of poplar (Populus deltoides) clones and development of their descriptors” was undertaken in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S. P. U. H. F., Nauni- Solan 173230 (H.P.) during year 2013-2016. The fifteen clones obtained from different research Institutes (locations) of India. The stem cutting of 7 inch long and 1.6 cm diameter were prepared from one year old stem cuttings and raised at a spacing of 60 cm x 60 cm in randomized block design with three replications. The three experimental sites namely 1) Dhaula kuan, RHTS, Dist. Sirmaur (H. P.), 2) Ladhowal farm, PAU, Ludhiana (Punjab) and 3) Nauni, Solan . Genotype x environment interaction studied during 2014 at studied sites gave four significant parameters in leaf blade length, mid rib length, distance between petiole junction to base of leaf and total leaf length. Therefore, stable clones obtained for leaf blade length L-621/84, mid rib length L-621/84, distance between petiole junction to base of leaf G-48 and total length of leaf L-621/84 and G-48. These clones should be tested in field. Principal component analysis gave 90.05% variability for leaf traits at three different sites. Significant Clone x Year interaction during 2013, 2014 and 2016 at Nauni was found for ratio between mid rib to maximum width of leaf parameter. Qualitative and quantitative descriptors for traits of poplar clones were prepared as per UPOV guidelines. Verification of clones on the basis of SSR markers gave 64% similarity with two sub clusters.
Open Access
Development of new clones of Salix (willow) through control breeding
(YSPU, 2015) Thakur, Sapna; Singh, N.B.
The present investigation entitled “Development of new clones of Salix (willow) through control breeding” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2013-2015. There is a collection of Salix clones/ strains/ species procured from different countries covering five continents namely Europe, North America, South America, Asia and Africa and maintained in the germplasm block of Naganji nursery from which eight clones were included in the study and the plant material of 4 females (PN 227, J 799, S. babylonica and S. tetrasperma ) and 4 male (NZ 1140, Austree, J 795 and S. tetrasperma ) clones were crossed using Line x Tester (4 x 4) mating design. Control crossing was done and seedlings were raised in the nursery in RBD at stage-1 and were evaluated for morphological characters. In stage-2 clonal cuttings of selected individuals and parents were raised in RBD and were evaluated for morphological, physiological and wood characters. Line x tester analysis for combining ability revealed that that line PN 227 and tester Austree were found to be good general combiners. On the basis of heterosis over better parent, mean performance and significant desirable SCA effects for morphological, physiological and wood characters the combinations PN 227 x Austree, PN 227 x NZ 1140 and PN 227 x J 795 were found to be the most promising families.The estimates of GCA variance ( 2 GCA) were more than the SCA variance ( 2 SCA) for all the characters studied. The gene action study revealed that additive variance was observed more than the dominance variance for all the parameters studied. The proportional contribution of lines was higher than individual contribution of testers or line × tester interaction except for fresh root weight, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, total dry weight, wood density and fibre length. The 10 SSR markers data disclosed that 12 hybrids were highly similar to their female parents and whereas 4 hybrids were more similar to the male parent. On the basis of population structure analysis it is concluded that this hybrid population structure is diverse and in future such information will be useful for conducting association mapping for the traits of economic importance.

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results