GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDIAN WILLOW (Salix tetrasperma Roxb.)
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Date
2019-12
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UHF,NAUNI
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present investigation entitled “Genetic Diversity of Indian Willow (Salix tetrasperma Roxb.)” was
carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of
Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2015-2019 to assess the genetic diversity among various
genotypes through morphological and molecular markers. Genotypes of the species from northern India were
evaluated in common garden experiment. These were grouped into five latitudinal and four altitudinal ranges for
morphological study and five populations for studying population diversity and structure. The analysis of variance
revealed significant differences among genotypes, sites, latitudes and altitude ranges for all the traits. The plant height,
basal diameter and biomass characters were recorded maximum for Suhanpur site.Number of nodes, internodal length
and root length was recorded maximum for Devamanal, Rupnagar and Chamba sites, respectively. Udaipur and
Bhunter sites recorded maximum foliage durations and sprouting days, respectively. Whereas, Devamanal site showed
longest lamina and leaf length and Udaipur recorded maximum breadth of lamina. Dasua recorded maximum petiole
length and Udaipur highest leaf area. Numbers of leaf teeth were observed maximum for Jammu site. The variability
estimates exhibited high variability, high heritability along with genetic advance as percentage of mean. Linear
regression analysis depicted that only characters foliage duration, leaf area and root length were under the influence of
latitude. Whereas basal diameter, internodal length, number of nodes, maximum breadth of lamina, leaf area and all
the biomass characters were affected by altitude. Principal component analysis extracted 82.85 percent of the total
variance in five components. In genetic divergence studies 21 sites could be grouped into three clusters based on
Ward’s method, separating sites of Punjab and Rajasthan from others. UPGMA dendrogram categorized all the
genotypes used into five, four and three clusters with RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers, respectively. RAPD primers
viz., OPC-02, OPL-08, OPL-09, OPA-01, DECA7, OPS-07, OPA-02; ISSR primers viz., UBC835, 814, ISSR1,
ISSR7, 840, ISSR94, ISSR98, ISSR91 and SSR primers viz., SB100, ORPM28, ORPM21, WPMS18, WPMS03,
ORPM488, ORPM496, PTR1 were found to be desirable due to higher polymorphic information content, marker
index, resolving power, expected heterozygosity and are further suggested for genetic differentiation studies in
willows. Higher observed heterozygosity than expected heterozygosity and negative fixation index through SSR
markers confirmed outcrossing nature of the species. Phi-statistics of ISSR and F- Statistics of SSR revealed more
variation among individuals within populations than among populations. The genetic differentiation (Fst) was
significant and moderate with ISSR (0.138) and SSR (0.081) markers. Pairwise population of gene flow (Nm) values
based on Fst values among populations showed the effect of geographic distance on migration of alleles. Pairwise
population matrix of Nei genetic distance was obtained maximum between JK and HP1 populations. Bayesian
clustering pattern through STRUCTURE software was supported by scatter plot diagram of principal coordinate
analysis and dendrogram of molecular and morphological data.
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