Browsing by Author "Dharni, Khushdeep"
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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation and Use of passenger car portals in Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Sidana, Rahul; Dharni, KhushdeepUse of passenger car-portals is on the rise. Present study was undertaken to evaluate selected passengers car-portals through user opinion and content analysis. Use pattern and challenges in face of future use were also explored. One hundred and fifty respondents were selected from three cities of Punjab. Data from the respondents was collected using a pre-structured non-disguised questionnaire. Content analysis of 30 selected car- portals was also undertaken. Results reveal that respondents were using car-portals for seeking information about various car-models and were using various tools and services like EMI calculator, car-accessories, on-road price, user reviews, expert reviews, road-side assistance and car comparison of various car models. About sixty two percent of the respondents were using the car-portals on daily basis. Seventy five percent of the respondents were also using others sources of information for generating information about various car models. Content analysis results by the researcher showed that many of the websites were efficient in providing information. With increasing penetration of internet, the use of car-portals by the people is likely to increase in future.ThesisItem Open Access Measuring, Reporting and Inferring the Value of Intangible Assets: A study of selected Industry Groups in India(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Sharma, Sarishma; Dharni, KhushdeepKnowledge economy has driven the concept of intangible assets. Intangible assets have now become the backbone of an organisation’s performance. The present study was undertaken to explore the trend of disclosures related to intangibles made by selected companies in India, to infer the value of intangibles using alternative methodologies in selected industry groups and comparison thereof and to explore the opinion of practitioners with respect to measurement and reporting of intangibles. For satisfying first three objectives, three sectors each from manufacturing and service sector were selected. Further, twenty companies were selected from each sector making a total sample of 120 companies. Secondary data was collected from the annual reports of these companies for a period of ten years i.e. 2004-2005 to 2013-2014. For fourth objective, data was collected from 164 practitioners belonging to the firms selected for the study. Trend Analysis results reveal a positive trend in general for disclosures related to intangibles with the exception of Pharmaceutical sector where Structural Capital disclosures have stagnated after hitting the peak. Significant variations were found across sectors in terms of various categories of disclosures. Results of study empirically support the fact that Intellectual Capital disclosures tend to increase with size of the organisation. Quantitative methodology and Structural Capital Quartiles methodology came out to be the most prominent methodology for inferring the value of intangible assets because valid interpretations could be drawn on the basis of these methodologies. Comparison of monthly returns indicate that significant differences were observed in case of Quantitative methodology, and Structural Capital Quartiles methodology but no significant difference was observed in case of other methodologies. Intangible Assets with legal protection were considered more important by the practitioners. In general five dimensions in measurement and reporting of intangible assets were identified and these are: Human capital dimension of Intangible Assets, Value relevance of Intangible Assets, Problems of measurement and reporting of Intangible Assets, Voluntary disclosure on Intangible Assets and Reporting benefits of Intangible Assets. It was found that human capital dimension, problems of measurement and reporting, and reporting benefits were having significant positive influence on orientation of practitioners towards intangible assets.ThesisItem Unknown Patent Analysis and Firm Performance: A Study of Indian Manufacturing Sector(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Tavleen Kaur; Dharni, KhushdeepThe present study was undertaken with the aim to carry out Patent Analysis of selected Indian manufacturing firms and to study the relationship between Patent Data and Firm Performance. Five major manufacturing sectors namely, Automobile, Consumer Goods, Energy, Industrial Manufacturing and Pharmaceuticals were included in the study. Period of analysis was 10 years i.e. from 2004-05 to 2013-14. Patent Analysis consisted of Patent Applications, Patents Granted, Backward Citations, Forward Citations and Total Citations. Measures of Firm Performance included in the study were Profit after tax as a percentage of Total Assets, Sales, Sales Growth and Tobin’s q. The results of the study indicate that Pharmaceutical sector has filed maximum number of Patent Application and maximum Patents were Granted to this sector. There was a significant difference among various sectors on the basis of Patent Data. Results of correlation analysis revealed that there was no definite relationship between Patent Data and Firm Performance as the results varied across the sectors. There was positive and significant correlation between Patent Data and Sales for Pharmaceutical and Energy Sector. There was evidence of positive and significant relationship between Profit After Tax as a percentage of Total Assets and Patent Applications as well as Patents Granted but small value of correlation coefficient pointed towards very week relationship.ThesisItem Unknown Performance and Usage of Data Mining Techniques for Predictive Modeling: A Study of selected Stock Markets(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Jasleen, .; Dharni, KhushdeepData mining techniques can effectively deal with the nonlinearity of the stock market and allow search for hidden patterns, in large volumes of data. The present study is aimed at evaluating the performance of data mining techniques across the global stock indices and also to evaluate the performance of data mining techniques in the selected Indian stock market, i.e., National Stock Exchange. Further, an attempt has been made to explore the usage of data mining techniques among the investors and stakeholders. Secondary data based on daily values of stock indices of three developed markets (United States of America, United Kingdom and Japan) and four emerging markets (China, Brazil, India and South Africa) were collected i.e. Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), FTSE 100, Nikkei 225, SSE 50, iBovespa, Nifty 50, JALSH for the period of 12 years ranging from 1st April, 2005 to 31st March, 2017. Further, secondary data related to technical and fundamental variables were collected for the constituents of CNX 500 of National Stock Exchange with time period ranging from 1st April, 1998 to 31st March, 2016. Further, primary data was collected from 167 retail investors and other stakeholders with the help of pre structured non-disguised questionnaire. Results based on the analysis of secondary data reveal that there was a significant difference in performance of data mining techniques in terms of Hit Ratio, Returns, Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error across different stock indices. ANN models based on data of all selected indices performed better in terms of Hit Ratio and annual returns as compared to SVM models based on data of all indices. Further, results reveal that both data mining techniques i.e. ANN and SVM have an ability to differentiate between high performance and low performance stocks. Performance of stocks improved with the usage of data mining techniques as compared to buy-and-hold strategy. Results based on primary data reveal that retail investors face various challenges in using prediction techniques for investment decision making. Generally, there is a lack of awareness and knowledge regarding prediction techniques among the investors.ThesisItem Open Access Price forecasting, linkages and relevance: a study of national commodity and derivatives exchange of India(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Dhir, Gauri; Dharni, KhushdeepPresent study has been undertaken to forecast the futures prices of selected agricultural commodities and to examine the linkage of Dhaanya with selected macro-economic indices and linkage of National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange with international commodity exchanges. Further, an attempt has been made to study the opinion of the stakeholders regarding agricultural commodity exchanges in India. To fulfill the first objective of this study, data mining tools have been used to forecast futures prices of sugar, soybean, chana (black) and castor seeds. Closing future prices of these commodities were collected from the website of the selected commodity exchange for the period of 9 years i.e. from January 2007 to June 2016. Secondly, linkage between Dhaanya and macro economic indices has been explored. These indices include WPI, IIP, CNX-NIFTY, M3, FPI of FAO and US Dollar. International linkages have also been identified by taking closing values of future prices of soybean, corn, sugar and soybean oil at national and international commodity exchanges. Further, to explore the relevance of agricultural commodity exchanges in India, primary data have been collected from stakeholders through three separate pre-structured questionnaires. Forecasting results indicate that data mining techniques such as ANN, SVM and Decision tree model can be used to forecast future prices of commodities in profitable manner. Long run relationship between Dhaanya and Index of industrial production (IIP) has been observed. International linkage results also indicate that there is presence of long run relationship between national and international commodity markets. Primary data results indicate that the farmers were having very low awareness regarding working of the commodity exchanges and were having negligible participation. There was a significant difference among the opinion of various stakeholders regarding the relevance of commodity exchanges in India.ThesisItem Restricted Service Failures and Customer Responses: A Study of Selected Services in Ludhiana City(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Kansal, Disha; Dharni, KhushdeepThe present study was undertaken to explore the incidence of service failures and customer responses to these failures in e-retailing and telecom services. To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample of 200 respondents with 50 respondents each from different occupations i.e. students, housewives, business persons and service persons was taken. For fulfilling the objectives of the study, primary data was collected with the help of a pre-structured, non-disguised questionnaire. It was found that respondents preferred to complain to firm/customer care cell of service provider in the event of service failures, followed by warning family and friends against the same. Delayed delivery, return difficulties and poor quality of products were reported as the most common failures experienced in e-retailing. Call drop, poor audio quality and excessive data pack charges were reported as the most common failures experienced in telecom services. There was a significant positive correlation among number of failures experienced and direct complaints to service provider. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between the complaints resolved by service providers and satisfaction level of customers.ThesisItem Open Access A study of awareness, use and evaluation of agri-portals in Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Supreet Kaur; Dharni, KhushdeepAgri-portals are emerging as a useful source of information for farmers. Present study was undertaken to explore the awareness and use of agri-portals in Punjab as well as to evaluate them. Ten agri-portals were selected from internet using online search. Data from 150 respondents was collected using a pre-structured questionnaire. Results reveal that the majority of farmers were using agri-portals for accessing information and services related to agriculture and allied activities. Majority of the respondents were using smart phones for accessing these portals and had started assessing the portals in the recent past only. Results indicate that there was significant positive correlation between usefulness of agri-portals and experience-sharing. Significant positive correlation was also found between duration of use and experience-sharing about agri-portals. Significant negative correlation was observed between reliance on agri-portals and age. With increasing penetration of internet, the use of agri-portals by farmers is likely to increase in future.ThesisItem Open Access A study of consumer awareness and evaluation of a selected awareness programme(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Wasal, Himanshu; Dharni, KhushdeepThe present study was undertaken with the objectives to study the awareness and attitude of consumers regarding a selected awareness campaign and to evaluate the selected awareness campaign from the perspective of consumers. For fulfilling the objectives of the study both primary and secondary data have been collected. Primary data has been collected from 200 respondents with the help of a pre structured questionnaire. Sample constituted 50 respondents each from four categories, i.e., students, housewives, business persons and service class. Secondary data has been collected from website of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Government of India. Respondents considered “Jago Grahak Jago” as informative campaign. They were having relatively more awareness about vegetarian/non-vegetarian mark and relatively less awareness about silkmark and handloom mark. Major dimensions used by the respondents for evaluating “Jago Grahak Jago” were quality of content, knowledge quotient and entertainment value. Respondents rated the campaign as useful with a mean score of 3.81 out of a maximum of 5 and on basis of overall quality, gave a mean score of 7.26 out of 10.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Herding Behaviour in Indian Financial Market(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Dewan, Palak; Dharni, KhushdeepHerding in financial markets has been typically described as a behavioural tendency for an investor to follow the actions of others. Herding affects the risk and return models, stock prices, determines asset prices and exacerbates the volatility and liquidity in financial market. The present study was undertaken to explore the herding behaviour in Indian stock and commodity markets, Indian equity mutual funds and among individual investors. For satisfying the objective of the study three major stock and commodity exchanges of India: National Stock Exchange, Multi-Commodity Exchange and National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange were selected. Further, the major indices were selected from each exchange making the total sample of twelve indices. Secondary data for daily closing prices of respective stocks and commodities of selected indices were recorded for the period of ten years ranging from 1st January, 2008 to 31st December, 2017. For determining herding in mutual funds, top 29 large cap equity mutual funds and 28 small and mid cap equity mutual funds were selected. The monthly trade data and attributes of fund/fund manager were recorded from the monthly factsheets of these mutual funds for the period of six years ranging from 1st January, 2013 to 31st December, 2018. For exploring the herding behaviour among individual investors primary data was collected from 411 respondents using pre structured non-disguised questionnaire. Results based on secondary data indicate presence of herding beahviour in both Indian stock and commodity markets based on state space methodology. Further, the results reveal presence of herding in Indian equity mutual funds. The intensity of mutual fund herding is significantly higher in bullish market as compared to bearish market. Mutual fund herding has significant correlation with fund portfolio turnover. Results based on the primary data reveal that herding bias among individual investors differ significantly on the basis of income, investment experience, amount of investment and proportion of assets in other than risk free deposits. Herding has significant positive correlation with anchoring bias and significant negative correlation with overconfidence bias.