EFFECTS OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE, MIDAZOLAM AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE-MIDAZOLAM PREMEDICATION IN PROPOFOL INDUCED ANAESTHESIA IN DOGS DURING OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY
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Date
2015
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Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
The present research work was conducted to evaluate the accessibility of
dexmedetomidine, midazolam and its combination by propofol infusion on clinicophysiological,
anaesthetic, haemodynamics and haemato- biochemical profiles in
dogs during ovariohysterectomy procedures.
The study was conducted on 20 healthy female dogs, divided randomly into
four groups of five animals each and designated as group P, DP, MP and DM.
Atropine sulphate was given 20 min prior to administration of propofol in all the
groups. In group P, propofol was administered after 20 minutes of atropine. In group
DP dexmedetomidine was given @ 20μg/kg b.wt. IM, just 5 minutes after atropine
administration thereby propofol “to effect” was administered after 15 minutes of
dexmedetomidine administration. Similarly in group MP and DM, midazolam was
administered @0.2 mg/kg b.wt and dexmedetomidine and midazolam was taken as
20μg/kg b.wt.+0.2 mg/kg b.wt. in a same syringe and administered to animals after 5
min of atropine and after 15 minutes propofol “ till effect”.
Heart rate ( beats/min), respiration rate (/min), rectal temperature (ºF), systolic
arterial pressure (mmHg), diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg), mean arterial pressure
(mmHg), electrocardiographic study as well as anaesthetic observation such as
muscle relaxation, pedal reflex, palpebral reflex, intubation response and salivation
were recorded at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes of observations.
Induction time (min), recovery time (min), sternal-recumbancy time (min), standing
recovery time (min), complete recovery time (min) and duration of anaesthesia (min)
were also recorded. Haematological parameters like haemoglobin, packed cell
volume, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count
and biochemical parameters like blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum
glucose ALT, AST and total protein were recorded at 0, 30, 60, 120 minutes and at 4
and 24 hours of drug administration. Pain following surgical procedures were
analysed by Melbourne pain scale which were started after 30 minutes of recovery
from anaesthesia and carried out an interval of 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes and then 1
and 2 hours.
In all the groups, there was initially significant increase (P<0.05) in heart rate
at 10 and 20 minutes of observation as compared to base line thereafter it
decreased throughout the observation. The maximum elevation in heart rate was
observed at 10 minute of observation in all the groups. In group DP the significant
variation (P<0.05) was observed at 60 minute of observation as compared to base
line thereafter it decreased non significantly up to end of observation. There was
marked increase in respiration rate in group MP and P after administration of drugs
up to 20 minutes of observation. In group DP and DM there was non significant
(P>0.05) decrease in respiration rate throughout the end of observation except at 60
minutes in group DP where there was significant variation (P<0.05). The rectal
temperatures in all animals were decreased after the administration of drugs. There
was significant decrease (P<0.05) in rectal temperature throughout the end of
observation in group P. Systolic arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure
increased upto 20 minutes in all the groups thereafter it decreased upto the end of
observation. In group MP there was non significant (P>0.05) variance was observed
throughout the end of observation as compared to the base line. A significant
elevation of diastolic arterial pressure was observed at 10 minutes in group P and 20
minutes in group DP and DM while significant elevation was observed at 20 minutes
in group MP.
Muscle relaxation was better in group DM followed by group DP, MP and P at
20 minute interval thereafter profound muscle relaxation was observed upto 45
minute intervals thereby muscle tone improved afterwards. Palpebral reflex
completely abolished from 30 to upto 45 minutes intervals in all the groups.
Palpebral reflex reappeared firstly in group P (60 min) then in group MP, DM and
DP. The pedal reflex score was more in group DM at 20 minutes of interval as
compared to other groups. The intubation response was more profound at 30
minutes intervals after administration of propofol. The laryngeal reflex returned first in
group MP followed by group P, DM and DP.
Induction time was shortest in group DM (1.20±0.20 min) followed by groups
DP (2.80±0.49 min), P (3±0.45 min) and MP (4.40±0.40 min). Recovery was longest
in group DP (79.00±2.07 min) and shorter in group P (59.40±7.3 min). The animals
of group DP attained a longest sternal recumbent (89.60±1.91 min) position than
other groups. It was minimal in group P (76.20±6.27 min) followed by groups MP
(77.80±1.28 min) and DM (88.80±2.03 min). Standing recovery time was highest in
group DP (102.00±2.59 min) followed by groups DM (101.20±2.58 min), MP
(84.80±2.40 min) and P (77.40±6.19 min), respectively. The animals of group P
(78.60±6.33 min) walked and moved earlier, showing complete recovery of animals
than all the other groups while animals of group DM (120.40±2.93 min) had a
delayed complete recovery time.
Pain score in the animals of all groups were less just after 30 minutes of
recovery. In group DP, the values of pain scores showed the decreasing trend from
the beginning of observation till end of observation. Animals of group DP exhibited
less pain as compared to other groups at all its intervals of observation followed by
group DM, P and MP.
There was non –significant alteration in the value of heamatogical parameters
viz. Hb, PCV, TEC and TLC in all the groups during observation period. While,
neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia was the consistent findings in all the groups.
Hyperglycaemia was seen in all the groups following administration of drugs.
The maximum rise was seen at 1 hour intervals in group DP, MP and DM and at 30
minute intervals in group P. The hypoproteinemia was seen in all the groups and
maximum declination was seen at 1 hour interval in group MP and DM and at 4 hour
in group P and at 2 hour interval in group DP. There were non significant alterations
in the value of ALT, AST, creatinine and BUN in all the groups.
It was concluded that dexmedetomidine+midazolam+propofol anaesthesia (DM) was
found to be effective and produced satisfactory surgical anaesthesia with significant
reduction of propofol as well as produced profound analgesia. Hence it is
recommended as better anaesthetic combination over other groups.
Description
EFFECTS OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE, MIDAZOLAM AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE-MIDAZOLAM PREMEDICATION IN PROPOFOL INDUCED ANAESTHESIA IN DOGS DURING OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY
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