STUDIES ON VECTOR POTENTIALITY OF IXODID TICKS OF CATTLE AND THEIR CONTROL
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Date
2022
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 401
Abstract
A systematic study on tick infestation in cattle from Kolar, Ramanagra,
Chikkaballapura districts of Karnataka was carried out to know the prevalence status,
morphological and molecular identification of ticks, evaluation of acaricidal activity of
phytotherapeutic compounds and to study the vector potentiality of ixodid ticks of cattle
by molecular method. The prevalence of 55.3 per cent tick infestation was recorded in
cattle and district wise prevalence revealed 56, 52 and 58 per cent in Kolar, Ramanagara
and Chikkaballapura districts of Karnataka respectively. Morphologically, the ticks
were identified as Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides,
Hyalomma spp. and PCR targeting 12S rRNA gene revealed three Rhipicephalus
microplus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Haemaphysalis longicornis by
sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Acaricidal activity of deltamethrin, piperine,
nanopiperine, curcumin and nanocurcumin was done by larval packet test (LPT) and
adult immersion test (AIT). LPT against R. microplus larvae showed an LC50 at 3.292
ppm for nanopiperine followed by 3.5 ppm, 5.8 ppm, 5.9 ppm and 73.435 ppm for
nanocurcumin, curcumin, piperine, and deltamethrin respectively. AIT against R.
microplus showed an LC50 at concentration of 5.652 for nanopiperine followed by
8.090 for nanocurcumin, 26.489 for piperine, 32.581 for curcumin and 106.594 for
deltamethrin. In both LPT and AIT, LC50 values of nanopiperine and nanocurcumin
were significantly lower compared to deltamethrin. Nanopiperine and nanocurcumin
showed significant ovulation inhibitory activity with lower IC50 and IC99 values
compared to piperine, curcumin and deltamethrin. The vector potentiality of cattle tick
was studied by molecular method in 50 engorged ticks DNA randomly selected from
600 pooled tick samples collected from 120 cattle. The PCR was carried out by
targeting MPSP, 18S rRNA, RpoB and GroEL genes of Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma
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and Ehrlichia species using specific primers revealed highest prevalence of Theileria
oriantalis (33/66 %) followed by Babesia spp. (19/38 %), Anaplasma marginale (9/18
%), Ehrlichia minasensis (6/12 %) and Theileria annulata (2/4 %) whereas, 21 (42 %)
showed positive for mixed infection. Thus, the study provides key information on the
distribution of ticks and tick-borne pathogens of cattle in three districts of Karnataka,
which will aid in developing and strategizing effective control measures.
Keywords: Cattle, Ticks, Acaricidal activity, Vector potentiality, PCR