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ThesisItem Open Access i A STUDY ON DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF EHRLICHIOSIS IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) M S KUSUM; Dr. Sandeep HalmandgeThe present research work was conducted to record the prevalence of canine ehrlichiosis in and around Bidar, to study clinical and haemato-biochemical changes, comparative diagnostic evaluation by blood smear, buffy coat smear and PCR and to study the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline, imidocarb dipropionate and rifampicin. Among 4313 cases presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College, Bidar from January 2022 to December 2023, 68 cases were positive for canine ehrlichiosis accounting for prevalence of 1.58 per cent. It was found that the prevalence of canine ehrlichiosis was higher in male dogs than and female dogs with highest in age group of one to three years followed by less than one year of age. Prevalence was higher in labrador retriever dogs and highest prevalence was recorded during summer season. Lymphadenopathy, tick infestation, pyrexia and anorexia were the most predominant clinical signs followed by pale mucous membrane and bleeding tendencies. Hematological investigation showed a decrease in values of hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, total leucocyte count and lymphocytes along with an increase in neutrophils whereas biochemical parameters showed a decrease in albumin and A:G ratio with an increase in globulin values. Blood smear and buffy coat smear were found to be less sensitive (11.53% and 30.76% respectively) and highly specific (100%) in detecting canine ehrlichiosis. PCR was found to be highly sensitive and specific for canine ehrlichiosis. The Bidar isolate 1 showed cent per cent homology with the isolates of dogs from different geographical regions. Doxycycline was found to be more efficacious in treating canine ehrlichiosis compared to imidocarb dipropionate and rifampicin based on early recovery.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF HEPATIC MARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) SACHINKUMAR; Dr. Santosh P. SarangamathThe present study was conducted to record the occurrence of hepatic insufficiency in dogs in and around Bidar, to study the clinical and haematobichemical changes, diagnostic efficacy of hepatic markers and therapeutic efficacy in hepatic insufficiency. During present study a total 1220 cases were presented to veterinary clinical complex, veterinary college bidar from July 2023 to Februarys 2024. Out of 1220 cases 23 dogs were diagnosed with hepatic insufficiency which represents a prevalence of 1.88%. It was found that dogs belonging to the age group of 2-6 years (53.17%) were affected more in number and Golden Retriever had higher occurrence followed by Labrador retriever. Male (60.86%) dogs had higher occurrence of hepatic insufficiency than female (39.13%) dogs. Inappatence, weakness, dullness and weight loss were the most predominant clinical signs followed by ascites and pyrexia. Concurrent infection with Ehrlichiosis and Babesiosis among hepatic insufficiency dogs was 4.34% and 8.68% respectively. Haematological examination revealed decrease in haemoglobin, erythrocytes, PCV, lymphocytes and platelets, along with increase in total leucocytes and neutrophils. Biochemical parameters revealed increase in ALT, AST, ALP. And prothrombin time and decrease in albumin and A/G ratio. Use of S – adenosyl methionine + silybin was more effective in treatment for hepatic insufficiency in dogs compared to administration of Ursodeoxycholic acid and syrup Liv-52 based on early and higher recovery rate.ThesisItem Open Access INFORMATION NEED ASSESSMENT AND DISSEMINATION THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-MODULE: A MULTISTAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) SHIVALIKA; Dr. PRAKASHKUMAR RATHODThe present study was conducted to know the socio-economic profile of multistakeholders, assess their information needs about dairy farming, evaluate the developed web module in dairying among multistakeholders and identify constraints faced by them in utilization of web module in dairying. Twenty five dairy farmers, ten veterinary officers, five KMF officials, ten university scientists from each district of four administrative divisions of Karnataka were selected, making a final sample size of 200 respondents through purposive and random sampling method. Information on feeding and nutrition was highly required by multistakeholders, followed by breed selection and identification of quality dairy animals. Based on the prioritization of information needs of multistakeholders, the website was developed in Kannada language, with the aim of disseminating the demand driven information. Majority of the respondents appreciated the website. The perceived utility, information, technical and user attributes component percentage of developed website were very high. Operational difficulties and inadequate service were the constraints faced by farmers and university scientists respectively. Inadequate technical knowledge/ skill was the constraint faced by majority of veterinary officers and KMF officials. The website would be helpful in disseminating the credible information and facilitate dairy farmers in implementing scientific dairy farming practices and strengthen their economy by increasing productivity of their dairy animals.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES OF UTERINE TORSION IN BUFFALOES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) KAVYA J C; DR. VENKANAGOUDA DODDAGOUDARThe current study was conducted with three objectives viz. to study the incidence and type of uterine torsion in buffaloes, to compare the prognostic parameters in the uterine torsion cases with normal parturient buffaloes and to study the therapeutic approaches with or without using isoxsuprine for uterine torsion affected buffaloes. First, a retrospective study was conducted to analyze five-year clinical data to find out the incidence and type of uterine torsion in buffaloes. Secondly, blood, serum and peritoneal fluid samples from 17 buffaloes with uterine torsion were analyzed for hematological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters, as well as CRP and MDA and compared with 6 normally calved buffaloes. Thirdly, the torsion-affected buffaloes were divided into two groups, one receiving isoxsuprine prior to detorsion attempts and the other group kept as control. The retrospective incidence study showed that uterine torsion was the leading cause of maternal dystocia in buffaloes, comprising 46.49% of difficult deliveries, occurring mainly at full term. Torsions were predominantly post-cervical and right sided, with angles typically ranging from 90° to 180°. Among the parameters studied, TLC, Creatinine, BUN, SGOT and CK increased significantly (P<0.05) in torsion affected buffaloes compared to normal parturient buffaloes accompanied by reduced TEC, lymphocytopenia and hypomagnesemia. Further, among the torsion affected buffaloes, decreased Hb, leukocytosis, increased Creatinine, BUN, SGOT, SGPT, CK, CRP, MDA and hypomagnesemia were consistent with poor prognosis (P<0.05). Administration of isoxsuprine marginally improved (P>0.05) detorsion success along with dam survival. To conclude, post-cervical, right sided uterine torsion emerged as a primary cause of dystocia in buffaloes typically occurring between 90-180 degrees. Parameters such as Creatinine, BUN, SGOT, SGPT, CK, CRP, MDA and Mg serve as valuable indicators for assessing the prognosis of uterine torsion. Additionally, administering isoxsuprine before detorsion may potentially aid in detorsion and enhance the dam's chances of survival.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF VITRIFICATION ON MATURATION OF GOAT OOCYTES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) POORNIMA; Dr. R. G. BijurkarThe present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of the oocyte quality and recovery rate between slicing, aspiration and dissection method and to examine the potential effects of various vitrification carriers namely Conventional straws, Open pulled straws and Cryolock on the meiotic maturation of immature goat cumulus oocytes. Firstly, recovery of oocytes by three retrieval methods viz., slicing, aspiration and dissection followed by grading into Grade I, Grade II and Grade III was carried out. Further, Grade-I oocytes from various retrieval techniques were vitrified using different cryodevices (G-I CSS, G-II OPS, G-III Cryolock and G-IV Control without any vitrification). The morphological assessment for structural integrity was carried out. Further, the maturation rate of morphologically normal COCs was assessed by percentage mean of COC expansion (degree 1 and 2) and polar body extrusion. The mean oocyte recovery rate per ovary and mean yield of Grade I and II oocyte was significantly (P<0.05) higher in slicing as compared to aspiration and no significant difference (P>0.05) with dissection method. The percentage of damaged COCs in CSS vitrification technique was higher (P <0.01) than OPS and cryolock vitrification technique. The maturation rate showed no significant difference among the experimental groups. In conclusion, slicing was found to be the more effective method for oocyte recovery. Open pulled straw vitrification method offered better protection from cryoinjuries. However, all three cryodevices tested exhibited similar efficacy in promoting oocyte maturation post-vitrification.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF POLYAXIAL LOCKING PLATE SYSTEM AND LOCKING RECONSTRUCTION PLATE FOR FEMORAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN CATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) RAJ MOHAMMED; Dr. Ravi RaidurgThis research evaluated the efficacy of two different locking plates, namely, the polyaxial locking plate system (PAX) and the locking reconstruction plate, for femoral fracture repair in cats. Twelve cases of femoral fractures in domestic cats were randomly allocated into two groups, each consisting of six cats. Group I cats were treated with the PAX plate, while Group II cats were treated with the locking reconstruction plate for fracture fixation. Anesthetic combination of diazepam was administered at a dose of 0.30 mg/kg body weight intravenously, and ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 11 mg/kg body weight intravenously, while maintenance was done using isoflurane at an initial concentration of 5 per cent, followed by 1-2.50 per cent. Clinical, radiological, and biochemical parameters were assessed preoperatively and at various postoperative intervals up to 60 days. Both groups achieved accurate alignment and stabilization of fracture fragments, with satisfactory outcomes observed in terms of osseous callus formation, stable implant positioning, and reduced fracture gaps. Functional limb usage assessments revealed progressive improvement, with most cats achieving excellent limb function by day 60. Serum biochemical analyses indicated consistent trends within physiological ranges, suggesting successful healing processes with both fixation methods. Notably, the PAX system demonstrated a lower incidence of postoperative complications, while cases treated with the locking reconstruction plate exhibited complications such as plate bending and screw pullout. Overall, the study highlights the effectiveness of both fixation systems in femoral fracture repair in cats, with PAX showing superior performance in minimizing implant-related complications.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF TIE-IN FIXATION USING PMMA AND STAINLESS STEEL AS CONNECTING BAR FOR TIBIOTARSAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN ASEEL BIRDS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) SUHAG K. U.; Dr Bhagavantappa B.The evaluation of tie-in fixation for tibiotarsal fracture repair in Aseel birds using PMMA and stainless steel connecting bars was conducted on 12 birds of either sex experimentally. IAEC approval reference no. (VCB/IAEC/VSR-11/2023-24) was obtained. Birds received pre-operative enrofloxacin and butorphanol, after fasting, general anaesthesia done with midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane. Tie in fixation was performed in all the birds with PMMA as connecting bar in group I and stainless steel and JESS clamps as connecting bar in group II. Post-operative care included antibiotic, analgesic administration and daily dressing for a week. Post operative clinical and radiological evaluations conducted on day 0, 7, 14, 30, 45, 60 revealed postoperative improvements in weight-bearing, gait and fracture healing in both groups. Fracture line was completely absent on day 60 and callus formation initiated by day 14. Both groups achieved fracture union by secondary healing, with varying degrees of callus formation. Axial alignment was fair initially improved to good after day 45, possibly be due to dynamization. Callus remodelling was observed by day 60, with no intergroup differences noted. Computed tomography scans confirmed fracture healing progression, supporting radiographic findings. PMMA bars provided economical and lightweight rigid stabilization, while stainless steel bar fixation was easy, consumed less time, readjustable and reusable. Complications included post-operative inflammation, knuckling, K-wire tract infections and angular malalignment. Minimal invasive closed reduction of tibiotarsal fracture repair in Aseel birds with tie-in fixation using both methods offered viable options, with distinct advantages and limitations, contributing valuable insights into avian fracture management for successful recovery and functional restoration of limb ambulation.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF TITANIUM ELASTIC NAILING AND END THREADED INTRAMEDULLARY PINNING FOR FEMORAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN PUPPIES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) B SHARANABASAVA; Dr. Bhagavantappa BA retrospective study conducted in and around the Bidar from January 2016 to December 2021 recorded the frequency of femoral fractures in dogs. Out of 27,571 cases reviewed during this retrospective study, 190 dogs were identified as having fractures. The highest prevalence was observed in dogs younger than one year (42.35%), male dogs (78.82%), mongrels (82.35%), with predominantly transverse fractures (47.10%) occurring in the diaphysis (80.00%), mainly attributable to automobile accidents (57.64%). Additionally, the study aimed to assess the healing properties of femur fractures in puppies when immobilized using either titanium elastic nailing system (TENS) or end threaded intramedullary pinning. Twelve clinical cases involving puppies with femoral fractures were randomly allocated into two groups. Pre-operative clinical, physical, physiological, and radiological examinations were conducted to assist in surgical planning. Femoral fractures in puppies belonging to group I were treated using TENS, while those in group II underwent repair with endthreaded intramedullary pinning, following the respective application procedures for each method. The healing of the fractures was studied at intervals of 0th, 15th, 30th and 60th post-operative days based on clinical, biochemical and radiological analysis. Both groups underwent clinical assessment for weight-bearing and grading of lameness at appropriate intervals throughout the study. Puppies treated with TENS exhibited weight-bearing during walking as early as the 3rd post-operative day, while those treated with end threaded intramedullary pinning began weight-bearing during walking by the 7th post-operative day. Puppies of both groups started to bear weight on the fractured limb while standing (toe pointing) immediately after surgical repair. Lameness grading in both groups indicated that TENS demonstrated statistically superior healing times compared to end threaded intramedullary pinning. Physiological and biochemical parameters assisted in analyzing the biological process of fracture healing. Post-operative radiographic studies revealed early callus formation and consolidation of the fracture in TENS compared to endthreaded intramedullary pinning. Radiographically, all the puppies showed good progression towards healing, with maximum bridging callus recorded in group I compared to group II, indicative of the superior healing characteristics of TENS. Post-operative complications were observed in both groups, with two in each group. Based on the results obtained in the study, it was inferred that both implants provided sufficient stability and immobilization of fracture fragments, enabling early ambulation of puppies with femoral fractures. TENS was found to provide early and consistent functional outcomes of the fractured limb in puppies without affecting the growth plate when compared with endthreaded intramedullary pinning technique.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF TYPE II ESF WITH PMMA AND CARBON FIBER AS CONNECTING RODS FOR LONG BONE FRACTURE REPAIR IN GOATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 226, 2024) BHIMANAND GIRIMALLA KULLUR; Dr. Bhagavantappa B.A study was conducted in 12 goats with long bone fractures. Goats were divided randomly into two equal groups. The fractures were treated with type II ESF where PMMA and carbon fibers were used as connecting rods in group I and II respectively. Fractures were evaluated by clinical, radiological and biochemical parameters on pre-operative and post-operative on 0th, 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day. Post-operatively, goats showed partial weight bearing on 0th day and contact of sole to ground within 8 days. Swelling and serous pin tract discharge were noticed during 2-5 days, which resolved by 1st week. The limb usage in both groups progressed from non-weight bearing on pre-operative day to complete weight bearing on 60th post-operative day. Radiographs revealed fracture healing with secondary callus formation with satisfactory alignment on 0th day, periosteal callus initiation on 15th day and apparently bridged fragments on 30th day. Osteolysis, periosteal reaction at pin-bone interfaces and barely visible to absent fracture line on 45th day. Evident osteolysis and periosteal reaction at pin-bone interface and completely healed fracture with initiated cortico-medullary union and callus remodelling on 60th day. Increased values of serum calcium on 30th day, serum phosphorous on 15th day and serum alkaline phosphatase on 30th day when compared to pre-operative day and they were reduced to normal by 60th day however, all the recorded biochemical values were within physiological range. Intra-operative complications were minimal and post-operatively pin loosening, pin tract infection and fixator failure were observed. In the present study it was inferred that the closed reduction with minimally invasive provided satisfactory fracture fixation and early ambulation of goats. Carbon fibers offered advantages like earlier weight bearing, better alignment adjustment and better radiographic fracture site visibility. However, incurred higher initial costs, the reusability of implants mitigated long-term expenses
