DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPECIES OF PIGS FROM BENGALURU REGION OF KARNATAKA
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Date
2022
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR.
Abstract
The prevalence of GI parasites of pigs with special reference to molecular
characterisation of Cryptosporidium species of pigs from Bengaluru region of Karnataka
was carried out. A total of 336 pig faecal samples was examined, 115 (34.44 %) found
positive for GI parasites. The piglets aged 0-3 months showed higher prevalence followed
by 4-6 months and above 6 months. Breed wise prevalence revealed highest in indigenous
followed by Duroc and Yorkshire. The gender wise showed higher in females (35.7 %)
than in males (32.7 %). The diarrhoeic samples showed more GI parasites (47.45 %) than
semisolid (46.09 %) and normal (20.98 %). Free range pigs harbour more GI parasites
(47.32 %) than semi-intensive (35.71 %) and intensive (19.64 %). Hyostrongylus sp. was
recorded as highest (14.2 %), followed by Ascaris sp. (13.6 %), Trichuris sp. (5.95 %),
Physocephalus sp. (4.46 %), Balantidium cyst (4.46 %), Oesophagostomum sp. (3.27 %),
Globochephalus sp. (2.97 %) and Metastrongylus spp. (0.59 %). The faecal sample
examined by mZ-N showed 4.65 % positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and free-range pigs
showed higher prevalence compare to semi-intensive and intensive. Sixty faecal DNA
samples subjected to nested and conventional PCR targeting different genes of
Cryptosporidium spp., showed 31.66 per cent positivity. The sequence analysis of PCR
products and phylogenetic profile indicated the prevalence of C. scrofarum (pig genotype-
II) and accession numbers OL69117, OL691173 and OL691174 were confirmed based on
100 per cent homology with Ludhiana isolate and 94.6 to 98.9 per cent with other existing
isolates. Further, 60 DNA samples were subjected for nested and conventional PCR
targeting different genes of Entamoeba sp., Giardia sp. and Cystoisospora sp. revealed ten
positive for Entamoeba sp., one for Cystisospora sp. and three for Giardia sp. with a
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prevalence rate of 16.6, 1.66 and 5.0 per cent respectively. The sequence analysis of PCR
products indicated the presence of Entamoeba poleki and Cystoisospora suis in pigs. The
species Cryptosporidium scrofarum (pig genotype-II), Entamoeba poleki and
Cystoisospora suis were identified for the first time from southern Karnataka and are of
zoonotic significance.