LONG TERM EFFECT OF INM ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STORAGE UNDER MAIZE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2022
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) - Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the third most important cropping system in
India and is practiced on 1.8 million ha. It is also prevalent cropping system adopted in uplands of
Jharkhand. Most of the farmers use only urea (N fertilizers) for crop cultivation and this fertilizer use
pattern results in multiple nutrient deficiencies as well as promotes soil bankruptcy. Therefore, it is needed
to maintain long term soil health and crop productivity in intensive cropping system through integrated use
of nutrient sources. The present investigation was carried out during two consecutive years of 2020-21 and
2021-22 under the ongoing permanent manurial trial with the different nutrient management practices
(inorganic & integrated nutrient management) under maize-wheat cropping system since 1983-84 at Birsa
Agricultural University Farm, Kanke, Ranchi with the major objectives to study the sustainable crop
productivity, energetic, economics, nutrient utilization, soil organic carbon storage of the maize-wheat
cropping system.
Experiment was laid out in RBD with 12 treatments replicated thrice. RDF for both component crop
was @ 100:50:25 N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha. Crop varieties of maize (kharif) and wheat (rabi) were Suwan
Composite 1 and K9107, respectively. Treatment details in maize-wheat cropping system were T1 : N0P0K0 -
N0P0K0; T2 : 50% RDF -50% RDF; T3 : 50 % RDF -100% RDF; T4 : 75% RDF -75% RDF; T5 : 100% RDF
-100% RDF; T6 : 50%N through FYM+ 50% RDF -100% RDF; T7 :25%N through FYM+ 75% RDF -75%
RDF; T8 : 50%N through cut paddy straw+ 50% RDF -100% RDF; T9 : 25%N through cut paddy straw+
75% RDF -75% RDF; T10 : 50%N through green Karanj leaves + 50% RDF -100% RDF; T11 : 25%N
through green Karanj leaves + 75% RDF -75% RDF and T12 : Farmer’s Practice– urea @ 50kg /ha.
Results reflected that INM treatment i.e. 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100%
RDF in rabi produced maximum grain yield (4692 and 4796 kg/ha of maize and wheat, respectively) which
were at par with application @ 25%N through FYM along with 75% RDF in kharif - only 75% RDF in rabi
(4504 and 4553 kg/ha of maize and wheat, respectively) and 100% RDF use in each season. Yield
attributing characters in maize namely, no. of grains/line (31.47), no. of grains/cob (394) and 1000 grain
weight (331.24 g) and in wheat namely, effective tillers /m2 (362), no of grains/ear head (46), and 1000 grain
weight (40.99 g) were maximum with the application of 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif
- 100% RDF in rabi. In system, maximum maize equivalent yield (9720 kg/ha), net return (₹. 127726.00)
and B:C ratio (1.57) was recorded with the application of 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in
kharif - 100% RDF in rabi which was statistically at par with the application of 25%N through FYM along
with 75% RDF in kharif and 75% RDF in rabi (9277 kg/ha, ₹. 121887.00) & B:C ratio (1.55). Nutrient
removal by the system was 188, 34 and 137 kg/ha for N, P and K and 6052, 1402 and 451 g/ha for Fe, Mn
and Zn respectively with the application of 50% N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100%
RDF in rabi. Translocation efficiency for N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn varied between 56-66%, 58-62%, 16-
21%, 12-19%, 37-46%, 40-48% in maize and 43-61%, 49-64%, 20-27%, 9-16%, 25-42%, 30-45%
respectively in wheat. Internal utilization efficiency calculated based on grain yield and total nutrient uptake
varied between 50 to 63, 257-308, 59-74 for N, P, K and 1.14- 1.63, 5.88-7.27, 19.26-22.42 for Fe, Mn and
Zn respectively for maize-wheat cropping system. Application of 1 kg N, P and K will produce 50.88,
276.01 and 69.99 kg grain. Similarly, by application of 1 kg of Fe, Mn and Zn can produce 16q, 70q and 22
q of grain under maize-wheat cropping system. The values of maximum energy output (141331 and 245642
MJ/ha by grain and total biomass), energy-use-efficiency (739 and 1287 by grain and total biomass,
respectively) and minimum value of specific energy (201.98 MJ/ton) was recorded with INM use i.e. 50%N
through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi. Maximum soil organic carbon storage
(12.38 Mg/ha) was observed with the application of 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif -
100% RDF in rabi which was statistically at par with the application of 25%N through FYM along with
75% RDF in kharif - only 75% RDF in rabi (11.69 Mg/ha). Analysis of soil for physical and chemical
properties of soil revealed that application of 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100%
RDF in rabi improved soil pH (6.5), organic carbon (6.3 g/kg), available N (276.6 kg/ha), available P (92.8
kg/ha), available K (177.7 kg/ha), DTPA extractable Fe (19.6 ppm), Mn (17.9 ppm) and Zn (3.7 ppm) as
compared to initial value of 6.5, 4.1, 255, 32.50, 195, 11.13, 18.65 and 3.85 respectively.
Sustainability of maize-wheat cropping system was analyzed after 39th years (1983-2022) in
continuous use of inorganic fertilizer and INM practices. INM practice @ 50%N through FYM along with
50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi produced the highest Sustainable Yield Index (0.50) of the system.
Further, data revealed that maximum (maize & wheat) yield was recorded by use of chemical fertilizer
@100% RDF (each season) in initial 4 years. Thereafter for 12 years, INM use @ 25%N through FYM+
75% RDF in kharif and 75% RDF in rabi yielded the maximum. But for the last 23 years (1999-2022), INM
use @ 50%N through FYM along with 50% RDF in kharif - 100% RDF in rabi continued to produce the
maximum (maize & wheat) yield.