ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF VETERINARY DRUGS, PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF MOST FAVOURED ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT IN MASTITIC DAIRY CATTLE
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Date
2018-07
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FOISHERIE'S SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
Abstract
to document the pharmacovigilance data collected from veterinarians (voluntary) in the
State of Karnataka (Phase-I). Further, pharmacokinetics (milk depletion drug kinetics) of
most favoured antibacterial agent employed in the State was studied in HFx dairy cows
(n=8) clinically ailing from mastitis (Phase-II). Analysis of prescriptions w.r.t livestock
species (cattle, sheep and goats; N=912) revealed that among the major therapeutic
segments drugs belonging to viz., antibacterials (28.37%) > non-steroidal agents
(NSAIDs;15.70%) > antihistaminics (H1 blockers;12.42%) classes were prescribed most.
Further, cephalosporins (19.39%) > tetracyclines (16.24%) > β-lactam + β-lactamase
inhibitors (11.92%) were most prescribed among the antibacterial agents.
The number of drugs per prescription was in the order of three or more (64.80%) >
double (24.23%) > single (10.97%). Among the polydrug therapies, antibacterial agents
prescribed in combination with NSAIDs accounted most (47.39%) followed by both with
glucocorticoids and NSAID’s (11.60%). The extra-label usage of antibacterial agents in the
treatment of mastitis and uterine infections in dairy cattle and buffaloes alone accounted
18.42 and 34.88 per cent, respectively. The survey revealed that cefquinome sulphate
(intramammary) was most preferred antibacterial agent for the clinical mastitis in the State.
Pharmacovigilance study (N=1005) revealed 6.07 and 0.80 per cent adverse drug reactions
[ADR(s)] and adverse drug effects [ADE(s)], respectively.
Pharmacokinetic studies following therapeutic administration (intramammary) of
cefquinome (75 mg. q 12 h x three times) in mastitic dairy cows revealed a peak (Cmax.)
concentration of cefquinome in milk of mastitic quarter (664.06±131.24 μg.mL-1) was
observed (tmax.) at 6 h after last infusion. The elimination half-life (t1/2z), the area under
curve (AUC0-) and mean residence time (MRT) was 5.24±0.51 h, 7915.38±1946.57
g.mL-1.h and 20.97±3.08 h, respectively, when the time vs milk concentration data was
subjected to analysis by non-compartment model. The concentration last observed: Cmax.
ratio was 0.0088±0.001. The milk concentration of cefquinome persists (LOD=0.052
μg.mL-1) up to 72 h (5.28±0.64 μg.mL-1) and 36 h (4.04 μg.mL-1) in mastitic quarter and
untreated (healthy) quarter, respectively after the last therapeutic administration in HFx
dairy cows.
Keywords: Prescription analysis, Pharmacovigilance, Cefquinome, Pharmacokinetics,
Mastitis, HFx dairy cow