GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF SPANISH BUNCH GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) 2887
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Date
2019-07
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JAU, JUNAGADH
Abstract
An investigation was carried out using 100 genotypes of groundnut to find out
the genetic variability, correlation coefficients, path coefficients and genetic
divergence. The material was evaluated in a randomized block design with three
replications at the Main Oilseeds Research Station, J. A. U., Junagadh during kharif
2018-19. The observations were recorded on 12 characters viz., days to 50% flowering,
days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of
mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant, kernel yield per plant (g),
pod yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g), oil content (%), harvest index (%)
and shelling out-turn (%).
Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for
all the 11 characters except shelling out-turn was non-significant. The highest range of
variation was observed for number of immature pods per plant followed by number of
mature pods per plant, kernel yield per plant and pod yield per plant. The high to
moderate genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation was
observed for number of mature pods per plant followed by number of immature pods
per plant, kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant, biological yield per plant and
harvest index. high estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance
expressed as percentage of mean were observed for number of mature pods per plant,
number of immature pods per plant, kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant,
biological yield per plant and harvest index which may be attributed to the
preponderance of additive gene action and possess high selective value and thus, selection pressure could profitably be applied on these characters for their rationale
improvement.
The values of genotypic correlation were higher than their corresponding
phenotypic correlations. The pod yield per plant exhibited significant and positive
correlation with number of mature pods per plant, kernel yield per plant, oil content and
harvest index at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. The path coefficient analysis
revealed high and positive direct effects of kernel yield per plant, biological yield per
plant and harvest index on pod yield per plant. Days to maturity, plant height and
number of primary branches per plant had low and positive direct effect. Thus, these
characters turned-out to be the major components of pod yield.
The 100 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters by Mahalanobis’s
D
2
-statistic. The clustering pattern of the genotypes did not show any relationship
between geographical distribution and genetic divergence. The maximum inter-cluster
distance was found between clusters VI and VIII followed by that between clusters I
and VI, V and VI, IV and VI, III and VI, I and IX. The cluster VI was best for kernel
yield per plant, pod yield per plant, biological yield per plant and number of immatured
pods per plant. The cluster VIII was best for plant height and oil content. The clusters
III had desirable value for plant height. Because it shows the longer plant height. The
cluster IX was best for number of branches per plant and harvest index. The cluster IV
was best for number of matured pods per plant. The cluster I was the best for days to
50% flowering and days to maturity. Because it shows the early flowering with early
maturity. The number of matured pod per plant followed by kernel yield per plant, days
to 50% flowering, plant height, oil content, number of matured pod per plant and
biological yield per plant contributed maximum towards divergence, it is advisable to
attempt crossing of the genotypes from cluster VI with the genotypes of cluster VIII as
well as I and V and IV, which may lead to broad spectrum of favourable genetic
variability for yield improvement in groundnut.