Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Open Access
EFFECT OF GREEN MANURING AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS IN RICE-BLACKGRAM CROPPING SEQUENCE
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) ANNY MRUDHULA, K; PULLA RAO, CH
A field experiment entitled “Effect of green manuring and phosphorus levels in rice-blackgram cropping sequence” was conducted for two consecutive years (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) on sandy clay loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design and replicated thrice during kharif season. The treatments consisted of dhaincha green manure crop (M1), sunnhemp green manure crop (M2) and without green manure (M3) as main plot treatments during kharif season and three phosphorus levels to rice crop comprising of 45 kg P2O5 ha-1 (L1), 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 (L2) and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 (L3) as sub- plot treatments and are replicated thrice. The rabi experiment was laid out on the same site in a split-split plot design without disturbing the soil for succeeding blackgram crop and each of the kharif plot was divided into three sub-sub plots to receive three doses of phosphorus (D1: No P, D2: 50% RDP and D3:100% RDP) to each plot. The experiment on rice-blackgram sequence as detailed above was repeated on a separate site but in the same block during kharif and rabi in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. Popular cultivars of rice and blackgram viz., BPT-2231 and LBG 752 respectively, were chosen for the study. Data collected on growth parameters (plant height, drymatter accumulation), yield attributes (panicle length, number of panicles m-2, total number of grains panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1 and test weight), grain yield, straw yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake of rice were subjected to statistical analysis and results indicated that all the characters studied were significantly higher with dhaincha green manure incorporation in combination with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded significantly higher growth parameters of rice and it was on a par with sunnhemp green manure incorporation in combination along with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 during both the years of study. Significantly the highest grain yield of rice was recorded with dhaincha green manure incorporated treatment (5592 and xxii 5587 kg ha-1) when compared to control (5049 and 5003 kg ha-1) during 1st and 2nd year of study respectively. Among the phosphorus levels applied to rice crop the highest grain yield (5545 and 5567 kg ha-1) was recorded with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 and it was on a par with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 during both the years of study. None of the interactions was found to be significant in respect of all the characters studied during both the years of study. Physical and nutritional (quality) characters of rice grain like amylase content, volume expansion ratio and water uptake were significantly influenced by green manure incorporation only. Whereas, milling quality parameters like hulling, milling and head rice recovery percentages were not significantly influenced by application of green manuring and phosphorus levels to rice crop. Growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, economic returns and nutrient uptake of blackgram were significantly influenced by the green manure incorporation and phosphorus levels to kharif rice crop and different doses of phosphorus to rabi blackgram. Plant height, drymatter accumulation, number of pods per plant, number of seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield, haulm yield, economic returns and nutrient uptake of blackgram were significantly higher with dhaincha green manure incorporation in combination with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to rabi blackgram and it was on a par with sunnhemp green manure incorporation along with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to rabi blackgram. Irrespective of different green manures and phosphorus levels applied to rice crop and phosphorus doses imposed to succeeding blackgram, (No P toP100% ), 100% RDP treatment increased the seed yield significantly in first and second year of study i.e 884 kg ha-1 and 855 kg ha-1 respectively. The maximum seed yield of blackgram was recorded with 100% RDP applied to blackgram and residual effect of dhaincha green manure incorporation to preceding rice crop along with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to rice crop The higher gross, net returns and return per rupee investment was obtained with dhaincha green manure incorporation with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to rabi blackgram and it was found on a par with sunnhemp green manure incorporation with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to rabi blackgram. Overall, the field studies conducted for two consecutive years clearly indicated that incorporation of green manures preceeding to rice crop and application of 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to rabi blackgram treatment had a significant influence in increasing productivity and profitability in rice - blackgram sequence. It is therefore, from this study, it can be concluded that application of green manures with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 to kharif rice crop and 50 % RDP to succeeding rabi blackgram is the best and the most profitable cropping sequence of Krishna Agro climatic zone of Andhra Pradesh.
Open Access
PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT IN RICE-SORGHUM SEQUENCE
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) ARUNAKUMARI, H; MARTIN LUTHER, M
A field experiment entitled “Phosphorus management in rice-sorghum sequence” was conducted for two consecutive years (2016-17 and 2017-18) on clay loam soils of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The soil pH was slightly alkaline in reaction and low in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium. The experiment consisted of four sources of phosphorus as main plot treatments viz., inorganic fertilizer phosphorus through SSP (M1), green manuring in-situ with dhaincha @ 25 kg ha-1 (M2), phosphorus solubilizing bacteria biofertilizer @ 750 ml ha-1 (M3) and green manuring in-situ with dhaincha @ 25 kg ha-1 + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria biofertilizer @ 750 ml ha-1 (M4); three phosphorus levels to rice as sub plot treatments viz., 50 (S1), 100 (S2) and 150 % RDP (S3) and three phosphorus levels as sub-sub plot treatments viz., 0 (F1), 50 (F2) and 100 % RDP (F3) to succeeding sorghum. All treatments are randomly allocated in three replications in a split plot design for kharif season and split-split plot design for rabi season in both the years of study. The most popular and fine grain quality rice variety i.e., BPT-5204 and popular sorghum hybrid CSH-16 were used during the experimental period. Data collected on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of rice were subjected to statistical analysis which indicated that all the characters studied were significantly higher with the application of green manuring + PSB (M4) over other sources of phosphorus; however, it was found on a par with that of green manuring (M2) alone whereas significantly lower values were observed with the application of inorganic fertilizer phosphorus through SSP during both the years of study and in pooled data. Growth and yield parameters of rice were not significantly affected by different levels of phosphorus; however, maximum value was found with 150 % RDP followed by 100 and 50 % RDP during both the years of study and in pooled data. xxi A significant interaction between source and levels of phosphorus in rice was observed for drymatter accumulation, the interaction was found to be significant at 60 DAT during 1st year of study with a treatmental combination of green manuring + PSB along with 150 % RDP (M4S3) which was on a par with M4S2, M4S1, M2S3, M2S2 and M2S1 and significantly superior to other treatmental combinations. Number of grains panicle-1 during 2016-17, grain yield during 2016-17 and 2017-18 showed significant interaction with green manuring + PSB along with 150 % RDP (M4S3) than other treatmental combinations which was at par with M4S2, M4S1, M2S3, M2S2 and M2S1 and significantly superior to rest of the treatmental combinations. Partial factor productivity for phosphorus was higher with green manuring + PSB (M4) followed by application of green manuring alone (M2). Among the phosphorus levels, 50 % RDP showed higher partial factor productivity during both the years of study. Growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield, stover yield, nutrient uptake and economic returns of sorghum were significantly influenced by the source of phosphorus applied to preceding rice but levels of phosphorus did not show any significant effect. Interaction between sources and levels of phosphorus in rice on succeeding sorghum was significant in terms of grain yield during 2016-17 only. With regard to P levels to sorghum, 100 % RDP (F3) was found to be superior over 0 % RDP (F1) but was comparable with 50 % RDP (F2). There was no significant interaction on growth and yield parameters of sorghum among the sources and levels of phosphorus given to rice and levels of phosphorus to sorghum. The availability of N, P and K status after harvest of sorghum decreased due to high uptake of nutrients during both the years of study. Highest P availability was observed with the treatmental combination of 150 % RDP to rice and 100 % RDP to sorghum (S3F3) which was comparable with S3F2 and significantly superior to other treatmental combinations. Pooled data of 2016-17 and 2017-18 showed that maximum return per rupee invested of rice-sorghum sequence was recorded with treatment combination of green manuring + PSB, 50 % RDP to rice and 50 % RDP to sorghum (M4S1F2). From the investigation of two consecutive years with source and levels of phosphorus to rice and levels of phosphorus applied to succeeding sorghum, it can be concluded that the rice-sorghum sequence was profitable with incorporation of green manuring in-situ with dhaincha + PSB along with 50 % RDP to rice, 50 % RDP to succeeding sorghum in Krishna zone of Andhra Pradesh instead of going for higher levels of phosphatic fertilizers thereby getting optimum yield of rice and sorghum and improved soil health.
Open Access
AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF CROP ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES, N-LEVELS ON RICE (Oryza sativa L.) AND EFFECTS ON SUCCEEDING GREENGRAM (Vigna radiata)
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) AMARA JYOTHI, P; MARTIN LUTHER, L
A field experiment entitled “Agronomic evaluation of crop establishment techniques, N-levels on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and effects on succeeding greengram (Vigna radiata)” was conducted for two consecutive years (2015-16 and 2016-17) on sandy clay loam soils of Agricultural Research Station, Ragolu. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, replicated thrice with four crop establishment techniques as main plots and five nitrogen levels as sub plots. The main plot treatments consisted of (i) Dry direct sown (DDS) rice, (ii) Aerobic rice (iii) Planting with machine and (iv) Normal planting. The subplot treatments consisted of five nitrogen levels (90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 kg N ha-1). Before harvesting of rice, greengram was sown to assess the residual effects of treatments given to rice in rice - greenram sequence. Cultivars used in the study for rice and greengram were MTU 1001 and LGG 460 respectively. Among crop establishment techniques, planting with machine recorded significantly higher plant height, drymatter production, yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and gross returns compared to other crop establishment techniques of rice. However, DDS rice recorded higher net returns and return per rupee investment and aerobic rice registered maximum water productivity. Application of nitrogen @ 150 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, grain and straw yield, NPK uptake and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil after harvest of rice over that of other nitrogen levels. Whereas the N use efficiency was found to be superior with nitrogen application @ 120 kg N ha-1 compared to other levels. Though the maximum gross returns, net returns and return per rupee investment were noticed with 210 kg N ha-1, which was however comparable with 180 and 150 kg N ha-1. Number of pods plant-1, number of seed pod-1, seed yield, haulm yield, gross returns, net returns, benefit cost ratio of green gram and the available nitrogen status in soil after harvest of greengram were significantly higher with aerobic rice establishment technique over planting with machine and comparable with DDS rice. There was a progressive increase in seed yield of succeeding greengram with the increase in nitrogen levels applied to the preceeding rice crop in the sequence. Among N levels the highest seed yield of greengram was recorded with 210 kg N ha-1. However the difference in seed yield among the N levels was measurable up to application of N @ 150 kg N ha-1 only. Maximum system productivity of rice–greengram was recorded with planting with machine technique followed by normal planting. System productivity of rice–greengram increased progressively with increase in level of nitrogen. Highest net returns of system was recorded with DDS rice-greengram followed by planting with machine -greengram system. The results of the study “Agronomic evaluation of crop establishment techniques, N- levels on rice and effects on succeeding greengram” conducted consecutively for two years indicated that, among rice establishment techniques planting with machine emerged as productive and dry direct sown rice was emerged as profitable and aerobic rice emerged as water saving techniques of rice. Irrespective of the crop establishment techniques, application of nitrogen @ 150 kg N ha-1 was found to be optimum for reaping higher grain yield and economic returns.
Open Access
Effect of Different Dates of Sowing and Irrigation on Growth and Yield of Chickpea cultivars and Evaluation of CROPGRO Chickpea Model
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SUNIL KUMAR, MEDIDA; MARTIN LUTHER, M
A field experiment to study the effect of different dates of sowing and irrigation on growth and yield of chickpea cultivars and evaluation of CROPGRO chickpea model was conducted during two consecutive years (2015- 2016 and 2016-2017) on farmer’s field at the Maddipadu village of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. The treatment consisted of three dates of sowing viz., M1 - 2nd fortnight of October, M2 - 1st fortnight of November and M3- 2nd fortnight November at nine irrigation levelsviz., I1 - No irrigation(Control); I2 - Irrigation with aerial water spray at Pod filling stage (70-75 DAS) @ 5, 000 L ha-1, I3- Irrigation with aerial water spray at pod filling stage (70-75 DAS) @ 10, 000 L ha-1 , I4- Irrigation with aerial water spray at pod filling stage (70-75 DAS) @ 15, 000 L ha-1, I5- Irrigation with aerial water spray at pod filling stage (70-75 DAS) @ 20, 000 L ha-1 , I6- Irrigation with aerial water spray at maximum vegetative (35-40 DAS) and pod filling stages (70-75 DAS) @ 5, 000 L ha-1, I7 - Irrigation with aerial water spray at maximum vegetative (35-40 DAS) and pod filling stages (70-75 DAS) @ 10, 000 L ha-1, I8- Irrigation with aerial water spray at maximum vegetative (35-40 DAS) and pod filling stages (70-75 DAS) @ 15, 000 L ha-1and I9-Irrigation with aerial water spray at maximum vegetative (35-40 DAS) and pod filling stages (70-75 DAS) @ 20, 000 L ha-1 and replicated three times in strip plot design. With the help of input data DSSAT legume model CROPGRO was evaluated to study the effect of different dates of sowing and irrigation levels on yield of chickpea crop cultivar JG-11. Drymatter accumulation, number of branches plant-1, pod number plant-1 seed yield and haulm yields were significantly increased in the crop sown during 1st fortnight of November. Irrigation levels significantly influenced the days to reach different phenophases,drymatter accumulation, number of branches plant-1, pod number plant-1, seed yield and haulm yield. Over all, the irrigation treatments I8, I9 and I4 and I5 showed similar response in increasing these attributes. The plant height and test weight were not affected by sowing dates and irrigation levels. Higher gross returns, net returns and cost benefit ratio were obtained with 1st fortnight of November and irrigation as aerial water spray @ 20,000 L ha-1 at 75 DAS sowing. Crop sown during 2ndfortnight of October recorded highest growing degree days to reach maturity. Application of irrigation at maximum vegetative stage and pod filling stage had prolonged crop duration than application in pod filling stage alone in I4 and I5 treatments. Maximum heat use efficiency was recorded with 1stfortnight of November sowing. Among irrigation levels, highest heat use efficiency was recorded with I5 treatment. The observed and simulated values of plant height ofthe model RMSE was 0.5 cm and 0.8 cm for dates of sowings and irrigation level, respectively and for drymatter accumulation, it was 637.2 kg ha-1and 608.8 kg ha-1. In case of days to reach maturity, thevalue of RMSE was 0.4 days with mean deviation of 0.2 per cent among different dates of sowing. Among different irrigation levels, the RMSE of model was 0.2 days and mean deviation was 0.2 per cent. The RMSE of model for seed yield was 34.1 kg ha-1 with mean deviation of 1.4 per cent with different dates of sowing. Out of three dates of sowing, the 2ndfortnight of November sowing was estimated without any deviation by the model. Among different irrigation levels, the RMSE of model was 134.7 kg ha-1 and mean deviation was 1.6 per cent.
Open Access
Integrated Nutrient Management in Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.) - Maize (Zea mays L.) Cropping System
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SRINIVASA RAO, M. M. V.; PRASAD, P. V. N.
A field study was conducted on “Integrated Nutrient Management in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)- Maize (Zea mays L.) Cropping System” during two consecutive years (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) at the Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), in the North - Coastal Agro-Climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh, which is situated at an altitude of 5.49 m above mean sea level. The field experiment was laid in a Randomized Block Design with groundnut as kharif season crop with six treatments replicated four times. The treatments consisted of T1 - RDF100 + FYM5t (Control); T2 - RDF125 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM; T3-RDF150 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM; T4 - RDF100 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM; T5 - RDF75 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM and T6- RDF50 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM. During the succeeding Rabi, the experiment was laid out in a split-plot design on maize with six treatments given to kharif groundnut as main plot treatments and each of these plots were divided into four sub-plots to receive four rates of RDF application viz.,S1 - RDF100 + Azospirillum + PSB + VAM (Control); S2 - RDF100 + Azospirillum + PSB + VAM + with groundnut residue incorporation; S3-RDF75+ Azospirillum+ PSB + VAM + with groundnut residue incorporation and S4-RDF50 + AS + PSB + VAM + with groundnut residue incorporation. Data recorded on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, economic returns and nutrient uptake of groundnut were higher with the RDF along with bio-fertilizers application (T2 to T6) than that of without bio-fertilizers application (T1). Among all the RDF application along with bio-fertilizers, significantly higher values for vegetative parameters were recorded with the application of 150% RDF + FYM 5 t ha-1 (T3) and the higher yield attributes and pod yield (2542 and 2453 kg ha-1 during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively) were recorded with 125% RDF + FYM 5 t ha-1 (T2) which was, however, comparable with with100% RDF + FYM 5 t ha-1 (T4). Among the integrated nutrient management practices, application of RDF125 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM (T2) attained significantly higher economic returns (Gross returns, Net returns and B:C ratio) owing to higher kernel yield and in turn higher gross (144736 and 139905 Rs ha-1 during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively) and net returns in this treatment which is closely comparable with RDF100 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM (T4). Data collected on succeeding maize on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, economic returns and nutrient uptake were significantly influenced by the treatments given to preceding groundnut crop in the sequence. Among all the treatments, the significantly higher kernel yield of 8892 and 8466 kg ha-1 during 2015-16 and 2016-17 respectively was recorded in the treatment combination of 100% RDF + Azospirillum + PSB+ VAM + with groundnut crop residue incorporation (S2). The residual effect of INM treatments applied to preceding groundnut and its crop residue influenced the succeeding maize crop, which responded to 100% of its recommended fertilizers along with biofertilizers. In addition to the yield attributes, the available N P K status after harvest of cropping sequence was higher following the residual effect of incorporation of groundnut crop residue. The highest gross returns, net returns, benefit cost ratio and returns per rupee invested of maize were realized with the application of RDF150 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM (T3) which was, however, comparable to combinations RDF125 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM (T2) and RDF100 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM (T4). In addition, among the direct treatments applied to maize, the treatment combination of RDF100 + Azospirillum + PSB+VAM + groundnut residue incorporation (S2) recorded higher net returns (76093 and 69919 Rs ha-1 during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively) which was, however, on par with RDF75 + Azospirillum + PSB + VAM + groundnut residue incorporation (S3). The distinctly highest system productivity was recorded with the residual effect of nutrients supplied to kharif groundnut through the combination RDF125 + FYM5t + Rhizobium inoculation + PSB + VAM (T2) compared with other INM treatments. In addition, among the direct treatments applied to maize, the treatments RDF100+ Azospirillum + PSB + VAM + groundnut residue incorporation (S2) recorded the higher system productivity which was, however, closely followed by the combination with RDF75 + Azospirillum + PSB + VAM + groundnut residue incorporation (S3). Overall, the field studies conducted for over two consecutive years, involving two crops in a sequence every year, clearly indicated that the integrated use of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients along with bio fertilizers could, not only increase the productivity and profitability of the first crop of groundnut, but, also exhibited exemplary performance of the second crop maize, in the system.
Open Access
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN RICE - JOWAR SEQUENCE IN KRISHNA ZONE OF A.P.
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) MOUNIKA, BONU; PULLA RAO, CH
A field experiment entitled “Integrated Nutrient Management in rice-jowar sequence in Krishna zone of A.P.” was conducted for two consecutive years (2015- 2016 and 2016-2017) on sandy clay loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The treatments consisted of different combinations of nitrogen i.e. T1 :100 % RDN, T2 :75% RDN + 25% Farmyard manure, T3 :50% RDN + 50% Farmyard manure, T4 :25% RDN + 75% Farmyard manure, T5 :75% RDN + 25% Poultry manure, T6 :50% RDN + 50% Poultry manure, T7 :25% RDN + 75% Poultry manure, T8 :75% RDN + 25% Vermicompost, T9 :50% RDN + 50% Vermicompost, T10 :25% RDN + 75% Vermicompost, T11 :75% RDN + 25% Green manure, T12 :50% RDN + 50% Green manure and T13 :25% RDN + 75% Green manure. The investigation was carried out in kharif and rabi seasons and kharif rice experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The rabi experiment was laid out on the same site in a split plot design without disturbing the soil (under no till conditions) for succeeding jowar crop and each of the kharif plot was divided into three sub-plots to receive three levels of nitrogen (N0: 0% N, N50: 50% N and N100:100% N) to each plot. The experiment on rice-jowar sequence as detailed above was repeated on a separate site but in the same block during kharif and rabi in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Popular cultivars of rice and jowar, BPT-5204 and Mahalakshmi-296 respectively, were chosen for the study. Data collected on growth parameters (plant height, drymatter accumulation), yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake of rice were subjected to statistical analysis and results indicated that all the characters studied were significantly higher with application of 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer (T1), however it was on a par with that of application of 50% RDN+ 50 % Green manure (T12) and 50% RDN + 50% Poultry manure (T6) during both the years of study. Physical and nutritional (quality) characters of rice grain like amylase content, volume expansion ratio, kernel elongation ratio and water uptake were significantly influenced by application of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen. Whereas, milling quality parameters like hulling, milling percentages and head rice recovery, were not significantly influenced by application of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen. Growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield, economic returns and nutrient uptake of jowar were significantly influenced by the different combinations of nitrogen sources applied to kharif rice crop. Plant height, drymatter accumulation, number of ear heads m-2, ear head length, ear head weight, test weight, grain yield, stover yield, economic returns and nutrient uptake of jowar which received 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer (T1) were remained on a par with 50% RDN+ 50 % Green manure (T12) and 50% RDN + 50% Poultry manure (T6) which were applied during preceding kharif rice were significantly higher than the other combinations of nitrogen sources. Irrespective of different combinations of sources of nitrogen in kharif rice, nitrogen levels imposed to succeeding jowar (N0 to N100), N100 treatment increased the grain yield significantly in 1st and 2nd year of study i.e. 3081 kg ha-1 and 3251 kg ha-1 and 3594 kg ha-1 and 3991 kg ha-1 respectively. The maximum grain yield of jowar i.e. 3307 kg ha-1 and 3575 kg ha-1 was recorded with the application of 100% N level and residual affect of 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer applied to preceding rice crop. In general, the available N, P and K status after harvest of each cropping sequence was lower following residual affect of 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer and 100% N level than the other combinations of sources and levels of nitrogen due to high uptake of nutrients by the crop during both the years of study. The higher gross and net returns and higher returns per rupee investment were obtained with recommended dose of fertilizers of 100% RDN (T1), followed by 50% RDN+ 50% Green manure and 50% RDN + 50% Poultry manure applied to kharif rice crop and 100% N level imposed to rabi jowar crop. Overall, the field studies conducted for two consecutive years clearly indicated that the application of 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer was remained on par with combined application of inorganic and organic sources i.e green manure and poultry manure (@ 50% each) and these treatments had a significant influence in increasing productivity and profitability in rice - no till jowar sequence. It is therefore, concluded that application of 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer, 50% RDN+ 50 % Green manure and 50% RDN + 50% Poultry manure to kharif rice followed by 100% N level to succeeding rabi jowar was the best under no till conditions of this region. Hence, rice-no till jowar is the profitable cropping sequence of this region.
Open Access
SOIL HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT AS INFLUENCED BY INTEGRATED NUTRIENTMANAGEMENT UNDER RAINFED ALFISOLS
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) NARAYANA SWAMY, GUTTA; NAGAVANI, A.V.
Present investigation entitled ‘Soil health and productivity of groundnut as influenced by integrated nutrient management under rainfed alfisols’ was carried out for two consecutive kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapuramu, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh. The investigation comprised of two blocks one is under rainfed condition and second is under protective irrigated situation. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design, with three replications. The treatments comprised of eleven different combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen viz., Control (no organics and inorganics) (T1), recommended dose of fertilizer (T2), 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through FYM (T3), 100 per cent nitrogen through FYM (T4), 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through leaf compost (T5), 100 per cent nitrogen through leaf compost (T6), 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through sheep manure (T7), 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep manure (T8), 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9), 100 per cent nitrogen through enriched groundnut shells (T10) and 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through enriched groundnut shells (T11). The test variety of groundnut used in the present investigation was ‘Kadiri-6’. Different combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen exerted significant influence on the growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, economic returns, soil physical properties, moisture content of soil, microbial load and nutrient uptake of groundnut as well as post-harvest soil fertility status both under rainfed and protective irrigation conditions. Under rainfed condition, the tallest plants with largest leaf area and highest dry matter production in groundnut were produced with the supply of 100 per cent xx N through sheep penning (T9) at all the stages of crop growth, which was at par with 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through FYM (T3) and recommended dose of fertilizer (T2), which was inturn, comparable with supply of 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through leaf compost (T5) under protective irrigation during both the years of study. All these growth parameters were found to be at their lowest with control (T1), without nutrient application at all the stages of observation. Different combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen failed to exert a significant influence on days to 50 per cent flowering under both farming situations. Number of branches plant-1 did not differ significantly due to different combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen under rainfed situation. Whereas, under protective irrigation, supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9) recorded higher number of branches plant-1 , which was significantly superior to rest of the nutrient management practices tried. The highest level of yield attributes viz., number of filled pods palnt-1 , 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage and the lowest number of ill filled pods plant-1 were registered with the supply of 100 per cent of N through sheep penning (T9), which was at par with 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through FYM (T3) and recommended dose of fertilizer (T2) under rainfed condition, which was however comparable with supply of 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through leaf compost (T5) under protective irrigation. Non-supply of nutrients in control (T1) resulted in the deflated stature of all the above said yield attributes. Supply of 100 per cent of nitrogen through sheep penning (T9) recorded significantly higher pod and haulm yield of groundnut, which was howe xxi Under rainfed condition, supply of 100 per cent of N through sheep penning (T9) recorded higher net returns in groundnut, which was however, comparable with application of recommended dose of fertilizer (T2) and 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through FYM (T3), which were comparable among themselves. Under protective irrigation, the highest net returns were realized with supply of 100 per cent of N through sheep penning (T9), which was at par with recommended dose of fertilizer (T2) and the latter was intun comparable with application of 50 per cent N through urea and 50 per cent nitrogen through either FYM or leaf compost (T3 and T5) during the kharif, 2015. The lowest gross and net returns were registered with control (T1) during both the situations in kharif, 2014 and 2015. The highest benefit-cost ratio was registered with supply of 100 per cent N through sheep penning (T9), which was however comparable with recommended dose of fertilizer (T2) under both situations except during second year under protective irrigation, where it was significantly superior over rest of the nutrient management practices tried. Statistical disparity was not observed with respect to physical properties of soil viz., bulk density and aggregate stability during the two consecutive years of study both under rainfed and protective irrigated condition. However, numerically and comparatively lower and higher values of bulk density and aggregate stability were recorded with application of 100 per cent nitrogen through FYM (T4) and 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9). Whereas, slightly higher and lower values of bulk density and aggregate stability were observed with control (T1) respectively. Supply of 100 per cent N through organic manures viz., FYM, sheep penning, leaf compost, sheep manure, enriched groundnut shells (T4, T9, T6, T8 and T10) recorded significantly higher water holding capacity and infiltration rate over substitution of 50 per cent N through urea with the above organic manures (T3, T5, T7 and T11) and recommended dose of fertilizers (T2) both under rainfed and protective irrigated condition. The deflated stature of above said parameters were recorded with control (T1). At all the stages of the crop growth, maximum values of moisture content in the soil was recorded with supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through FYM (T4), which was at par with application of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9), leaf compost (T6), sheep manure (T8) and enriched groundnut shells (T10) i.e., where 100 per cent N was supplied through organics. However, it was comparable with substitution of 50 per cent nitrogen through sheep manure (T7) during the second year of investigation under both the situations. Control (T1) recorded the minimum values of moisture content in the soil. Under rainfed and protective irrigated condition, application of either organics alone or in combination with inorganic sources of nitrogen has not shown any statistical disparity on pH and EC of the soil after harvesting of the groundnut. Post-harvest organic carbon content in the soil was comparable among the nutrient management practices except control (T1), which recorded the lowest organic carbon content. xxii During two consecutive years of study, supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9) recorded significantly higher number of colony forming units of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes over rest of the nutrient management practices tried after harvesting of the groundnut, while it was recorded lowest with control plot (T1) both under rainfed and protective irrigated situations. During two consecutive years of experimentation, at all the stages of the crop growth the highest nitrogen uptake of groundnut was registered with supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9), which was in parity with recommended dose of fertilizers (T2) under rainfed condition, which was inturn comparable with 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen either through leaf compost or FYM (T3 or T5) at all the stages of crop growth except at 30 DAS, where it was on par with recommended dose of fertilizers (T2) under protective irrigation. During two consecutive years of the study, at all the stages of crop growth, maximum phosphorus uptake of groundnut was recorded with supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9) under rainfed condition, which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments tried. Whereas under protective irrigation, it was comparable with application of either inorganic fertilizers (T2) or substitution of 50 per cent nitrogen through FYM or leaf compost (T3 or T5) at latter stages of crop growth i.e., at 90 DAS and at harvest. The highest potassium uptake in groundnut was recorded with supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9). Whereas, the lowest N, P and K was associated with control (T1). Significantly higher post-harvest soil available nitrogen status was recorded with supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through organic sources viz., FYM, sheep penning, leaf compost, sheep manure and enriched groundnut shells (T4, T9, T6, T8 and T10) over rest of the nutrient management practices tried during kharif, 2014 and 2015 both under rainfed and protective irrigated situations. The post-harvest soil available phosphorus recorded with supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning, leaf compost, enriched groundnut shells and sheep manure (T9 T6 T10 and T8) was comparable among themselves and significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning (T9) recorded maximum post-harvest soil available potassium, which was in parity with application of 100 per cent nitrogen either through sheep manure (T8) or enriched groundnut shells (T10). Whereas, the minimum values of post-harvest soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were registered with control (T1). In conclusion, the present study has revealed that there is ample scope for enhancing the productivity and economic returns of groundnut as well as soil health in rainfed alfisols with supply of 100 per cent nitrogen through sheep penning or 50 per cent nitrogen through urea + 50 per cent nitrogen through FYM. However, sheep penning practice is proved as most promising, economically viable, environmentally safe and ecologically sustainable option for rainfed alfisols of Scarce Rainfall Zone of Andhra Pradesh
Open Access
NURSERY AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR MECHANIZED SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (MSRI)
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) MAHESWARA REDDY, P; KRISHNA REDDY, G
The present study entitled “Nursery and nutrient management techniques for Mechanized System of Rice Intensification (MSRI)” for Southern agro climatic zone of Andhra Pradesh was conducted on clay loam soil during rabi, 2014-15 and 2015-16 in two stages viz., nursery management and crop management with an objective of standardizing bedding material for tray nursery technique in rice and for optimizing the nutrient requirement under Mechanized System of Rice Intensification (MSRI). Experiment on nursery management was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati campus of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University and experiment on crop management was conducted at farmer’s field of Sri P. Damodar Reddy located at K.C. Peta village of Tirupati mandal of Chittoor district. Experiment on nursery management was conducted with treatments consisting of four bedding materials (soil alone, soil : farm yard manure, soil : vermicompost and soil : pressmud cake in the ratio of 70 : 30) and five foliar applications (control, urea @ 0.5%, DAP @ 0.5%, 19-19-19 @ 0.5% and 13-00-45 @ 0.5%) tested in RBD with factorial concept, replicated thrice. The bedding material comprised of soil with pressmud cake in 70 : 30 ratio recorded significantly better seedling shoot length, root length, dry matter production and seedling vigour index over soil with farmyard manure and soil alone as bedding materials but, comparable to soil with vermicompost at 13 and 16 DAS and the lowest seedling vigour index was recorded with soil alone as bedding material during both the years of study. Foliar sprays and their interaction with xviii bedding materials recorded non significant differences with growth parameters (seedling shoot length, root length and dry matter production) at 13 and 16 DAS. However, better growth parameters were recorded numerically with the foliar application of urea @ 0.5% as compared to other foliar applications. Experimental site of crop management experiment was geographically situated at an altitude of 182.9 m above mean sea level at 13032'0'' N latitude and 79o24'25'' E longitude in Southern agro climatic zone of Andhra Pradesh. The soil was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.9 and 8.0) with normal electrical conductivity (0.92 and 1.06 dS m-1 ), medium in organic carbon (0.51% and 0.54%), low in available nitrogen (216 and 228 kg ha-1 ), high in available phosphorus (82 and 96 kg ha-1 ) and potassium (438 and 516 kg ha-1 ). Experiment on crop management was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept with 4 nitrogen levels (80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N ha-1 ) and 3 phosphorus levels (40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 ) replicated thrice. Nursery was raised in plastic trays filled with the best bedding material of nursery management experiment (soil and press mud cake in 70:30 ratio) and placed in raised beds. Foliar spray of urea @ 0.5% was imposed at 10 DAS and machine transplanting was done at a spacing of 30 cm × 13-15 cm using 16 days old seedlings of Nellore mahsuri (NLR-34449), with Yanmar - VP8D transplanter. The machine transplanted rice responded positively to the higher level of nitrogen (200 kg N ha-l ) and produced significantly better growth parameters of plant height, root length, root dry matter hill-1 , number of productive tillers m-2 , leaf area m-2 , leaf area index and dry matter production with 200 kg N ha-1 which was comparable with 160 kg N ha-l and significantly superior over the lower levels of nitrogen (80 and 120 kg N ha-l ). Lowest growth parameters were recorded with 80 kg N ha-1 . Levels of phosphorus and their interaction with nitrogen had no significant influence on growth parameters. However, numerically better growth parameters were recorded with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 . Significantly more number of panicles m-2 and panicle length were recorded with 200 kg N ha-1 and was at par with 160 kg N ha-1 and superior over 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 . Higher number of filled grains and minimum chaffy grains panicle-1 and sterility percentage was with 200 kg N ha-1 which was at par with 160 kg N ha-1 . Application of 120 kg N ha-1 resulted in significantly lesser number of filled grains panicle-1 , higher sterility percentage as compared to 160 and 200 kg N ha-1 but, comparable with 80 kg N ha-1 . Phosphorus levels and their interaction with nitrogen had no significant influence on yield attributes during both the years. Higher grain and straw yields were recorded with 200 kg N ha-1 which were comparable with 160 kg N ha-1 and superior over 120 and 80 kg N ha-1 . Significantly lowest grain and straw yield was with 80 kg N ha-1 during both the years. Inspite of the fact that the rice could not respond to phosphorus application and its interaction with nitrogen, due to high initial soil available phosphorus, numerically higher grain and straw yield was with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 which was however comparable with 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 . xix Application of 200 kg N ha-1 resulted in higher N, P and K uptake by grain and straw which was at par with 160 kg N ha-1 and superior over 120 and 80 kg N ha-1 . Uptake of NPK by grain and straw varied non significantly with phosphorus levels and their interaction with nitrogen during both the years. Soil chemical properties viz., pH, EC and OC were not significantly influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus levels and their interaction. Progressive increase in nitrogen levels increased the soil available nitrogen and decreased the soil available P and K. Soil available N was highest with 200 kg N ha-1 , while P and K decreased with increased N levels. Cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio were increased with increased N levels. Application of 200 kg N ha-1 registered maximum net returns and B : C ratio, which was comparable with 160 kg N ha-1 and better over lower levels of nitrogen. Levels of phosphorus and their interaction with nitrogen had no significant effect on gross returns, net returns and B : C ratio. From the investigation, it could be concluded that application of 160 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 was found to be optimum for realizing higher yields and economic returns in Southern agro climatic zone of Andhra Pradesh under Mechanized System of Rice Intensification (MSRI)
Open Access
INFLUENCE OF VERTICAL TILLAGE AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON MOISTURE CONSERVATION AND PERFORMANCE OF GROUNDNUTGREENGRAM SEQUENCE
(Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) BHAGAVATHA PRIYA, TALUPURU; CHANDRIKA, V
A field experiment was conducted on sandy clay loam soil of Dry land farm of Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati campus of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, during kharif, 2015 and 2016 and rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17, to study the “Influence of vertical tillage and nutrient management on moisture conservation and performance of groundnut-greengram sequence”. The treatments consisted of four tillage practices in main plots viz., conventional tillage (M1), deep ploughing with disc plough upto a depth of 30 cm (M2), vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 40 cm depth at 1 m interval (M3) and vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) and five nutrient management practices in sub plots viz., control (S1), 50 % RDF (S2), 75 % RDF (S3), 100 % RDF (S4) and 125 % RDF (S5). The experiment was laidout in a split-plot design with three replications. Soil physical property viz., bulk density was significantly lower and aggregate stability was significantly higher with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) compared to other tillage practices. Whereas, aggregate stability was higher with 125 % RDF (S5) with no significant disparity with rest of the nutrient management practices tried. Soil chemical properties viz., pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon were not significantly influenced by both tillage and nutrient management practices during both the years of experimentation. xxi Among the four tillage practices evaluated, growth characters of groundnut viz., plant height, leaf area index, total dry matter production, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading and relative leaf water content were significantly higher with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) compared to rest of the tillage practices. Lower values of these growth parameters were registered with conventional tillage (M1). Among the nutrient management practices tested, significantly higher plant height, leaf area index, total dry matter production, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading and relative leaf water content of groundnut were recorded with 125 % RDF (S5), while all these growth parameters were significantly lower with control (S1). Available soil moisture content at different depths were significantly higher with the vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) compared to rest of the tillage practices at all stages of observations. Minimum soil moisture content was observed with conventional tillage (M1). Among nutrient management practices maximum and minimum soil moisture content was recorded with control (S1) and 125 % RDF (S5), respectively during both the years of study. Days to 50 per cent flowering and maturity of groundnut were minimum with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) and these parameters were maximum with conventional tillage (M1). The minimum and maximum number of days to 50 per cent flowering and maturity were registered with control (S1) and 125 % RDF (S5), respectively. Root growth parameters viz., root length, root fresh and dry weight of groundnut were significantly higher with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) compared to rest of the tillage practices. Lower values of these growth parameters were registered with conventional tillage (M1). Among nutrient management practices 125 % RDF (S5) recorded higher root growth parameters, while these were lower with control (S1). Number of pegs plant-1 and total number of pods plant-1 of groundnut were significantly higher with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4), while lower values were recorded with conventional tillage (M1). Maximum and minimum number of pegs plant-1 and total pods plant-1 were recorded with 125 % RDF (S5) and control (S1), respectively. The tillage practice of vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 40 cm depth at 1 m interval (M3) resulted in significantly higher values of filled pods plant-1 , hundred pod and kernel weight, shelling percentage and harvest index of groundnut, compared to other tillage practices tried. Lower values of these characters were produced with conventional tillage (M1). Higher values of the above parameters were recorded with 100 % RDF (S4), while lower values were recorded with control (S1). Higher pod yield was obtained with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 40 cm depth at 1 m interval (M3) followed by vertical tillag xxii upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4), deep ploughing with disc plough (M2) and conventional tillage (M1) with a significant disparity between any two of them. Higher pod yield was obtained with 100 % RDF followed by 75, 125, 50 % RDF and control with a significant disparity between any two of them. Oil yield of groundnut showed the similar trend as that of pod yield with same magnitude. There was no significant influence of tillage and nutrient management practices on oil content of groundnut. Vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) resulted in higher haulm yield, while it was lower with conventional tillage (M1). Among the nutrient management practices tried, haulm yield was increased with increasing fertilizer dose from control to 125 % RDF and higher haulm yield was obtained with 125 % RDF (S5). Quality parameters viz., protein, total carbohydrates, total free amino acids in groundnut was maximum with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) while it was minimum with conventional tillage (M1) with no significant disparity among tillage practices studied during two years of experiment. Among the different nutrient management practices tested, maximum and minimum values of above mentioned quality parameters in groundnut was recorded with 125 % RDF (S5) and control (S1), respectively. Total microbial mass in soil at harvest of groundnut crop was higher with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) while, it was minimum with conventional tillage (M1) practice. Among nutrient management practices tried, higher total microbial mass in soil was recorded with 125 % RDF (S5) while it was lower with control treatment (S1). Maximum gross and net returns and benefit-cost ratio of groundnut cultivation were obtained with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 40 cm depth at 1 m interval (M3) followed by vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4), while minimum values were registered with conventional tillage (M1) which was significantly lesser than rest of the tillage practices tried during both the years of experiment. Among different nutrient management practices tried, maximum gross and net returns of groundnut cultivation was registered with 100 % RDF (S4) followed by 75 % RDF (S3) while minimum gross, net returns were obtained with control (S1) in both the years of study. Maximum benefit-cost ratio was computed with 75 % RDF (S3), while minimum benefit-cost ratio was observed with control (S1). Among tillage practices investigated in two years study, vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) recorded higher nutrient uptake by groundnut as well as post harvest nutrient availability in soil. Minimum nutrient uptake as well as nutrient availability after harvest of groundnut was observed with conventional tillage (M1) during both the years of experiment. Among nutrient management practices tested, 125 % RDF (S5) recorded higher nutrient uptake by groundnut as well as post harvest nutrient xxiii availability in soil. Minimum nutrient uptake as well as post harvest nutrient availability in soil was observed with control (S1). There was no significant residual effect of both tillage and nutrient management practices on succeeding crop of greengram in producing plant height, dry matter production, number of clusters plant-1 , number of pods plant-1 , number of seeds pod-1 , thousand seed weight, seed yield and haulm yield as well as gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio of greengram cultivation during both the years of experimentation. Nutrient uptake by greengram at harvest and availability of nutrients after harvest of greengram were not influenced by residual effect of tillage and nutrient management practices during two years of study. Groundnut equivalent yield and system productivity was significantly higher with tillage practice of vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 40 cm depth at 1 m interval (M3) during both the years of experiment. Among the nutrient management practices tested during both the years of experimentation, maximum groundnut equivalent yield was recorded with 100 % RDF (S4) which was significantly higher than rest of the treatments. There was no significant interaction effect between tillage and nutrient management practices studied in two years experimentation. During both the years of experimentation, gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio of groundnut-greengram sequence were maximum with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 40 cm depth at 1 m interval (M3) in combination with 100 % RDF (S4) while minimum gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio were computed with conventional tillage (M1) at control (S1). Net gain in soil available nitrogen was higher with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) at 125 % RDF (S5) and lower with conventional tillage (M1) at 50 % RDF (S2). Vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) at control (S1) recorded higher net gain in soil available phosphorous while, there was a loss in soil available phosphorous under conventional tillage (M1) at 125 % RDF (S5). Positive change in balance of soil available potassium was registered under vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm depth at 1 m interval (M4) at control (S1) during both the years of study. A net loss in soil available potassium during both the years of experimentation was observed with conventional tillage (M1) at 125 % RDF (S5). The present investigation revealed that vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 40 cm depth at 1 m interval (M3) in combination with 100 % RDF (S4) was productive, conservative and remunerative for groundnut-greengram sequence, while significant residual effect of tillage and nutrient management practices on succeeding greengram crop was not observed on sandy clay loam soils of Southern Agro-climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

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