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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2010 - 2019922020 - 20237
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Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative evaluation of ethanolic extracts of Litsea monopetala and Schleichera oleosa bark for wound healing activity in rabbits
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Vishwaranjan Kumar; A.K. Sharma
    The present study was conducted in the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi. For that 15 adult rabbits of either sex weighing 1.5-2.5 kg were randomly procured from rabbit Farm College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry after assessing good health condition and divided in three groups based on completely Randomized Design. Health status of rabbits was managed for 15 days in a uniform environment to ensure minimum clinical variation during the study. Before experiment, barks of Litsea monopetala and Schleichera oleosa were collected from forest around Ranchi district. Barks were separately shade dried, powdered and hot extraction process was done by using ethanol solution in soxhlet apparatus. Extracts were stored separately at cool place for clinical evaluation further. All the animal were divided into three groups having 5 animals in each group, group 1 animals were treated with normal saline, group 2 animals treated with ethanolic extract of litsea monopetala (Meda) bark &group3 animals treated with ethanolic extract of Schleicheraoleosa (Kusum) bark on day 0th, 3rd, 7th, 12th & 20th day interval. In each animal’s aseptically wound was created on dorsum position of the rabbits, for that two full thickness skin wounds of size measuring 1cm x 1cm were created surgically at the proposed site on either side of the dorso-median plane. A total of 4 wounds were created with 4 cm distance between two wound of same side and between the contra lateral wounds. The wounds were treated daily with the respective treatment groups solution and dressed with micropore adhesive tap till complete healing. Blood was Collected from ear vein on 0, 3, 7, 12 and 20th days for assessment of systemic infection by evaluation of Total Leucocyte count (TLC) & Differential Leucocytic count (DLC). To study the histomorphological and histochemical changes in healing tissue, biopsy sample was collected from the junction of wound and intact skin from all the experimental wounds in each of the three groups on 3rd, 7th, 12th and 20th days. Finally, all the biopsy tissues were preserved in 10% neutral buffer formalin solution for further study. Clinical parameters like pain sensitivity, wound colour, granulation and exudates were taken into account at different time interval. To measure the contraction percentage of wound, initial area of the wound and final area of the wound were measured at different time intervals. To study the histomorphology of created wound of different treatment groups, the biopsy sample section was stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin solution under resolution of 400x to assess the leukocyte infiltration, fibroplasia, epithelization and neo-vascularization on 3rd, 7th, 12th and 20th days of experimentation. To account the histochemical changes for collagen, elastin and reticulin formation on different treatment groups were stained with Van Gieson’s stain (collagen), Weigert’sresorcin-fuchsin stain (elastin) and Robb smith’s modification of foot’s silver impregnation stains (reticulin) solution at 400x resolution on 3rd, 7th, 12th, and 20th days of experimentation. All the data obtained were subjected to statistically analyzed as per method described by Snedecor and Cochran (2004) by using SPSS software 16.0. One Way ANOVA was used to analyze uniform parametric data whereas, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze nonparametric data. Results of the experiment for clinical observation found that pain was observed in all the animals during first two days of surgical wound creation which slowly diminished by 3rd day in all the animals. Significant (P<0.05) reduction of pain is observed in group 2 on 3rd day as compared to control group animals. Non-significant pain reduction was observed from the 7thday in animals of all the groups. No significant difference in pinkish wound colour & granulation tissue growth observed among the groups during the entire time interval. Similarly, non-significant amount of serous type exudates was observed in control group, however no exudates were observed in group 2 & group 3. Morphometric study showed significantly higher (P<0.05) wound contraction in group 2 as compared to control group from 3rd day of onwards at different time intervals. Almost complete healing was observed in group 2 by day 20th. Histomrphological studies of biopsy sample of wound healing process showed significantly higher (P<0.05) fibroplasia on 3rd day in group 2 as compared to control animals. Marked (P<0.05) epithelialization observed in 3rd and 7th days on group 2 as compared to control group animals. However, epithelialization was non significantly variable between group 2 & group 3 animals during the entire period of observation. Non-significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in leucocyte infiltration among the groups at different intervals during entire period of experimentation. Histochemical studies related to collagen formation was observed in third day in all animals. Formation of thick collagen was significantly higher in group 2 on 7th day as compared to other group. Wavy collagen formation was better in group 2 followed by group 3 and then control group. Elastin formation was evident since 3rdday in all the treatment group. Elastinfiber formation was significantly lower in control group as compared to group 2 and 3. However, mean ± SE score of elastin fiber at different intervals did not show significant variationsbetween group 2 and 3. Reticulin formation was observed on 3rd day of experiment in all the groups. The dense and diffuse reticulinfiber formation was significantly higher in group 2 & group 3 as compared to control on day 7th.while values were non significantly differed (P>0.05) between group 2 & group 3. The non-significant reticulinfiber formation was observed on 12th & 20th days of experiment in all the groups. Haematological observation related to TLC and DLC to assess systemic infection of different groups on different time interval were non-significant. However, alternation in TLC and DLC was observed in all groups after treatment but values were within normal physiological range. On the basis of present findings following conclusions may be drawn: CONCLUSION • Pain sensitivity score was lower (P<0.05) on 3rd day of observation in group 2 (Meda) as compared to control (group 1) and group 2 (Kusum). However, pain sensitivity was similar between the control and Kusum groups. Meda has shown good analgesic property from the day 7th onwards till the end of observation. • Changes in wound colour score was found (P<0.05) on 12th days onwards in Medagroup however color was similar between control and Kusum groups. • Meda group showed non-significant increase (P>0.05) in granulation as compared to other group. • Percentage of contraction was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Meda as compared to control and Kusum group. However, contraction was non significantly higher in Kusum group compared to control. • Meda groups showed non-significantly higher score of Leucocyte infiltration &neovascularization process as compared to control and kusum. • Fibroplasia was significantly higher (P<0.05) in meda group on day 3rd as compared to control & Kusum. • Epithelialization was higher (P<0.05) in Meda groups on different time intervals as compared to control and Kusum groups. • Collagen &reticulin formation was significantly higher (P<0.05) only on 3rd day in Meda and Kusum group as compared to control, whereas, elastin formation was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Meda and Kusum group as compared to control during entire period of study. • There were transient &non significant changes in the TLC and DLC parameters in all the groups but remain in normal physiological limits. • Based on the results it is concluded that treatment with Litsea monopatela (Meda) showed better anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in terms of wound healing in rabbits as compared to control and Schleichera oleosa (Kusum) treated rabbits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF CAUDAL EPIDURAL LEVOBUPIVACAINE ALONE AND INCOMBINATION OF DEXAMETHASONE AND TRAMADOL IN BOVINE CALVES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Brajesh Verma; A.K. Sharma
    ➢ RT, RR and HR exhibited progressive and non-significant decrease in all its intervals in all the groups except group IV where respiration rate and heart rate exhibited significant decrease as compared to base value but remained within normal physiological limits. ➢ HB, PCV, TLC and TEC showed the non significant variation after epidural administration. ➢ A significant increase in netrophils and relative decrease in lymphocytes was the typical feature in group I & III whereas animal of group II & IV exhibited non significant variation. Summary and Conclusion… ➢ A marked and significant increase in glucose was estimated in group II although the values remained within normal physiological limits ➢ Other biochemical paramters viz. ALT, AST, total protein, BUN, Serum creatinine, Alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase exhibited transient and non-significant variations. ➢ A moderate to excellent level of analgesia has been achieved in tail, anus and perineal area in all the groups. ➢ Analgesia was not sufficient in upper and lower thigh, scrotum, cranial and caudal flank as it was varied from mild to moderate level. ➢ Motor in coordination was found to be more for longer period of time in group IV followed by group III, group I and group II. ➢ None of the animal exhibited sedation. ➢ Onset of analgesia was faster in group IV followed by group III, I and II, whereas duration of analgesia was higher in group II followed by group I, III & IV. ➢ On the basis of above findings, it is concluded that levobupivacaine alone and in combination dexamethasone and tramadol exhibited moderate to excellent analgesia in the tail, anus and perineal region sufficient to perform surgery in these area. Levobupivacaine in combination with dexamethasone was found to be better combination in bovine calf in terms of least motor in-coordination, better analgesia and long duration analgesia.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF Azadirachta indica (NEEM), Allium sativum (GARLIC) AND Butea monosperma (PALASH) AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODIASIS AND THEIR COMPARISON WITH STANDARD ANTHELMINTIC DRUG IN CHOTTANAGPURI SHEEP
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Rahul Kumar; Ansar Ahmad
    ❖ Allium sativum (Garlic) alone; mixture of two herbal extract Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Butea monosperma (Palash) and mixture of all the three herbal extract Azadirachta indica (Neem) + Butea monosperma (Palash) + Allium sativum (Garlic) were effective as single, double and polyherbal formulation in treatment of G.I nematodiasis in sheep with regards to reduction in EPG count. ❖ The herbal extract alone or in combination was effective with respect to reduction of Clinico-hematological and biochemical parameters towards normalcy. ❖ The herbal extract alone or in combination was found to be safe for use with regards to renal and hepatic toxicity. It can be advocated for its use in field condition ❖ On the basis of findings in the present study it is recommended that the herbal extracts used against nematodiasis is safe, effective, economic and easily available for control of nematodiasis in sheep.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EPIDURAL KETAMINE AND MIDAZOLAM AS AN ADJUVANT TO ROPIVACAINE FOR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF UREMIC GOATS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Minz, Shraddha A.B; Sharma, A.K.
    Rectal temperature and respiration showed transient and nonsignificant changes within normal physiological limits • Heart rate, systolic pressure, dystolic pressure and mean arterial pressure exhibited significant fall in group 1 compared to other Summary and Conclusion… groups. The value in other groups showed significant rise at different intervals as compared to base value. • Analgesia in perineum, flank inguinal, upper part of hind limb, pedal, tail was marked and complete even upto 60 minutes of observation in group 1 whereas in other groups complete analgesia was achieved upto 30 minutes. • Motor incoordination was noticed for longer period of time in group 1 followed by group 2, group 4 and group 3 • Time of standing was longer in group 2 followed by group 4, group 1 and group 3. Recumbency was quickest in group 4 followed by group 1, group2 and group 3. • Heamtological (Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC) values did not show any significant variation within and among the groups • A significant increase in neutrophil and relative significant decrease in lymphocytes value at different intervals as compared to base value was the consistent features in all the groups. • ALT, AST, ALP and CPK recorded at different intervals did not show any significant variation, whereas blood glucose, BUN and creatinine value exhibited significant elevation within normal physiological limits. • On the basis of above findings, Ropivacaine and its combination with ketamine and midazolam were suitable to achieve analgesia for tube cystostomy procedure with transient changes in clinical, hematological and hematobiochemical parameters. • Combining ketamine and midazolam did not enhance the effectiveness of ropivacaine. Hence, ropivacaine alone may be recommended as epidural agent to achieve excellent and longer duration of analgesia over the other groups. Large studies in this aspect have been warranted.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES OF DESI CATTLE IN RANCHI DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Kumar, Indrajit; Kumar, Ravindra
    The present study was carried out in three blocks of Ranchi district viz. Angara, Bero and Mandar. The data on 314 animals of 9 villages belonging to 90 farmers were collected to study the performance of the Desi cattle of this area reared under low input system. These animals were managed by small and landless farmers on free grazing system habit only. None of the farmers are practicing concentrate feeding to these animals. The overall average body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and more than 18 month of age were 10.64, 29.10, 43.57, 50.71, 79.41, 158.84 and 183.61 kg respectively. In adult animals the overall average for body weight, body length, heart girth, paunch girth, height at withers, face length, ear length, horn girth, horn length, hump length and tail length were 183.61 kg, 102.21, 138.19, 140.64, 114.11, 39.44, 20.87, 10.03, 12.03, 9.52, 78.45 respectively. The average for various reproduction traits like calving interval, gestation period, Age at first mating were 420.93, 281.71, 960.48 days respectively. These Desi cows matured at the age of 908.72 days and delivered first calf at the age of 1249.92 days. The average daily milk yield, peak yield, lactation length and dry period were 1.06 kg, 1.61 kg 214.3 days and 206.3 days respectively. Desi animals were found to be hardy tough by surviving and performing well even in adverse environment and in scarcity of feed and fodder in the region of present studies. Indigenous cattle of Jharkhand have peculiar physical characteristics viz. small in size and less in height. Conservation and improvement of this germplasm should be taken up immediately. Indigenous cattle of Jharkhand serves livelihood of small and marginal rural farmers as even the cows are utilized for various agricultural practices. They can be kept easily at very low maintenance and input cost.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ADOPTION OF IMPROVED DAIRY HUSBANDRY PRACTICES BETWEEN MEMBERS AND NON MEMBERS OF DAIRY CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN RANCHI DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2020) Ranjan Sinha, Gyan Ranjan Sinha; Oroan, Jagarnath
    India shares 15% of the livestock of total livestock population in the world, with 50% buffaloes and 20%of world’s cattle. India is the largest producer of milk in the world (>15% share) with 188 mt production in 2019. Growth rate of milk production in our country in 2017-18 was 6.5% with a total value of 6.5 lakh crore. Jharkhand is a milk deficit state. No concerted efforts were taken for dairy development in the state, prior to its separation from Bihar. In year 2001-02 annual milk production in state was 9 lakh metric tons and per capita availability of milk was 98 gm/ day. In the state rural milk trade practices were not established and milk marketing network was not much developed recognizing the scope of cooperative development and viable operation of milk processing plant operated under various dairy cooperatives. With this view Milk Producers Federation Ltd (MILKFED) has been created in 2014 and its management has been given to NDDB. Total milk procurement was 23 thousand litres per day in 2014-15 which has gone up to 1 lakh 25 thousand per day in 2018-19 indicating that the cooperative structure has already started giving its impact. Hitherto meagre studies have been carried out to see the impact of milk cooperative on milk production, and knowledge and adoption of improved technologies by the dairy farmers. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the following objectives:
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES ON PHYSIOLOGICAL, HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN BLACK BENGAL GOAT
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2020) Lata Murmu, Asha; Verma, R.K.
    Despite having well-developed mechanisms of thermoregulation, animal do not maintain strict homeothermy under extreme climatic condition (Lu, 1989).Harsh environments constitute stressful conditions to animals raised in extreme climatic areas, and as a result, animals develop various adaptive mechanisms that enable them to survive under conditions of extreme heat or extreme cold. The present investigation was therefore proposed to be undertaken with the following title and objectives: The study entitled, “The effect of Meteorological variables on Physiological, Haemato-Biochemical and Oxidative Stress in Black Bengal Goat” was conducted on twelve adult apparently healthy Black Bengal goats with the objective to determine the seasonal variations in different physiological responses, haemato-biochemical constituents and antioxidant status. Twelve Black Bengal does were investigated for their physiological, haematobiochemical and antioxidants profiles during autumn(Oct to Nov) and winter (Dec to Jan) seasons. All Physiological parameters such as rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate measured daily at 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. throughout the study period. Blood samples were collected from the Black Bengal goats atfortnightly interval during experimental period for various biochemical analyses. Meteorological parameters like dry bulb temperature and relative humidity were recorded daily for two times at 6 am and 3 pm for estimation of THI throughout the study period. In addition to that the meteorological data for last one year was also collected for estimation of THI. In the present study, the mean THI found during autumn and winter season was 70.45±0.60 and 57.58±0.91, respectively while the mean THI for last oneyears was 72.09±0.38 during autumn and 62.14±0.28 during winter season. During autumn season, the mean rectal temperature (0F), respiration rate (breaths/min.) and heart rate (beats/min.) were 101.17±0.19, 25.50±0.43and 69.45±1.51 respectively. During winter season, the mean rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate were 98.67±0.29, 22.34±0.21and 67.55±0.88, respectively. Significant (p<0.05) differences were found in between day and season (autumn and winter) for all the physiological parameters during the experimental period. These physiological parameters were directly proportional to the THI. Among the Hematological attributes, the TEC (106/μl), PCV (%), monocyte(%), neutrophil (%) and eosinophil(%)levels were found significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter than during autumn season while the non-significant results were found in Hb(g/dl), Lymphocyte (%) and Basophil(%) level in both the season. Among the biochemical constituents of black bengal goat, the mean concentration of glucose (mg/dl) were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter than the autumn season. The serum total protein was non significantly differed. Its value decreased during winter in the present study. The serum total protein were found directly proportional to the THI and the glucose level were inversely proportional to the THI. The serum minerals studied in Black Bengal goat showed significant (p<0.05) difference in between the seasons. The serum calcium, inorganic phosphorous and magnesium levels in Black Bengal goat showed variations during both season. The serum calcium (mg/dl), inorganic phosphorous (mg/dl) and magnesium level were significantly (p<0.05) lowers during winter than autumn. The serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium level was directly proportional to the THI. All the antioxidants that studied (SOD, LPO and GPx) showed significant (p<0.05) variations during autumn and winter season. The SOD (IU/ml), LPO (nmol of MDA/ml of packed cells) level higher during winter season than the autumn season whereas GPx(IU/ml)level was lower during winter. Thus the SOD and LPO was inversely proportional to THI and GPx was directly proportional to the THI. The study revealed that some of the parameters studied were visibly drifted from normal values as a result of climate stress during winter season. The results also highlighted drastic variations in the values of some of the constituents in animals. The information obtained is useful in understanding the adaptive physiology of the Black Bengal goats during environmental stress. The data generated may also help to distinguish and discriminate healthy animals from stressed ones under special physiological status of goats.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON ESTRUS INDUCTION RESPONSE AND FERTILITY PERFORMANCE IN ANESTRUS COWS TREATED WITH Aegle marmelos (bael) AND Murraya koenigii (curry leaves)
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kujur, Anju; Sinha, M.P.
    The study was envisaged with the objectives to assess the effect of feeding bael and curry leaves either alone or in combination on the estrus response and the time interval from the last day of treatment to the day on onset of estrus and conception rate after treatment. The effect was also seen on the blood serum level of phosphorus, magnesium, copper, calcium and cholesterol The study was conducted on 24 anestrus cows which were selected on the basis of history of an animal suggested failure to exhibit estrus 60 days or more postpartum and animals with smooth and quiescent ovaries and without any pathological abnormalities. The selected cows were allotted to four groups containing 6 animals in each group. Different doses of prepared powder of curry and bael leaves were fed orally to the different treated groups for 9 days. Group I was the control group where animals were not given any medication and the animals in group II were fed curry powder at the dose rate of 400mg/kg body weight and animals of group III were given bael leaves powder at the dose rate of 500mg/kg of body weight and animals of group IV were fed combination of both curry and bael leaves powder at dose rate of 200mg/kg and 250mg/kg of body weight for 9 days.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL, CYTOCHEMICAL, CYTOENZYMIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON BLOOD CELLS OF EMU
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumar, Kundan; Mehta, Suresh
    The present study was conducted on blood cells of twelve healthy adult emu birds. The formed element includes erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. The leucocytes can be further classified into granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). The erythrocytes were nucleated, oval to elongated in shape and were 15.20 ± 0.16μm in length and 8.11 ± 0.18m in width. The nuclei were centrally placed and rounded, oval to elongated in shape. The heterophils were almost rounded to spherical in shape and measured 12.53 ± 0.14 m in diameter. The nuclei were mostly 2-4 lobed and varied in shape, size and number. Nuclei were eccentrically placed and connected with very thin and fine strands. The eosinophils were largest in size and slightly elongated to round in shape with size of 12.78 ± 0.13 m in diameter. The nuclei of eosinophils were eccentrically placed and mostly bilobed. The cytoplasmic granules were strongly eosinophilic which were pink in colour, large, round, numerous and uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The basophils were pear to oval in shape and 12.66 ± 0.19 m in diameter. The nuclei of basophils were partially visible as the cytoplasm was filled with numerous dark, rounded bluish- purple color basophilic granules mostly concentrated at periphery. Most common lymphocytes were small sized lymphocytes with mean diameter of 6.19 ± 0.15 m. The medium sized lymphocytes were almost rounded in shape and 8.45 ± 0.23 m in size. The large sized lymphocytes were 10.00 ± 0.18 m in diameter. The monocytes were roughly rounded in shape and measured 12.01 ± 0.36 m in diameter. The cytoplasm was foamy in appearance due to presence of large number of vacuoles in monocytes. The thrombocytes were oval to round in shape and 7.10 ± 0.20 m in diameter. The blood smears of emu were firstly stained with Toluidine