Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access 16S Ribotyping and classification of endophytes of finger millet ( Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) genotype JWM1(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2017) MURMU, MARGREAT; Pande, AnitaThe literature in the public domain shows that all the species of bacillus identified in the present study produce substances of agricultural and commercial importance. Such endophytes have never been reported in finger millet before. The virtues of finger millet which make it hardy crop may be attributed to these endophytes. The actual role of each endophyte needs to be studied especially with respect to the white seeded genotype JWM 1.ThesisItem Open Access 16S Ribotyping and classification of endophytes of finger millet ( Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) variety VL149(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2017) KUNAL, NIDHI; Pande, AnitaThe study could collate information about the colony characteristics and biochemical traits with the 16S rDNA sequences/ITS sequence and tentatively identify 9 different endophytes. From the comparision and information in the public domain, all the 9 endophyte have positive effects on the other crop species they inhabit. Studies on their exact role in finger millet may help to develop a consortium / several consortia which can be introduced into other popular crop species, thus concomitantly transferring desirable traits.ThesisItem Open Access 2-D Electrophoretic profiling of Rhizobium isolates of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) collected from various soil regimes(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) Sinha, Nikesh; Dubey, HimanshuOut of several gases present in the atmosphere nitrogen share the major portion (about 71%) and is found in the di-nitrogen (an inert) form. It is the component of many bio-molecules required for the growth and development of all organisms. Most of the eukaryotes are incapable of utilizing nitrogen directly from the environment; only a certain group of prokaryotes are genetically feasible to fix the atmospheric nitrogen into the biologically useful form like ammonia which is further utilized by eukaryotes. Rhizobium a gram negative bacteria associates symbiotically with legume crop and are genetically feasible in reducing (fixing) atmospheric nitrogen for leguminous crop. Legumes in turn provide shelter and energy to them. The specificity of Rhizobia to inoculate legume falls either in broad range host specificity to narrow range host specificity. Several abiotic stresses adversely influence the activity of Rhizobium. Soil pH is one of the stresses which hamper the symbiotic association between the two. As per the reports soil pH in the range of 6.5-7.0 are considered best in the case of leguminous crop for the optimal activity of the bacteria. Soil pH below or above this range minimizes the Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) through Rhizobia. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D electrophoresis) is a powerful and widely used method for the analysis of complex protein mixtures extracted from cells, tissues, or other biological samples. This technique sorts proteins according to two independent properties in two discrete steps: the first-dimension step, isoelectric focusing (IEF), separates proteins according to their isoelectric points (pI); the second-dimension step, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), separates proteins according to their molecular weights. Each spot on the resulting two-dimensional array corresponds to a single protein species in the sample. Thousands of different proteins can thus be separated, and information such as the protein pI, the apparent molecular weight, and the amount of each protein is obtained. The aim of my work is to perform 2-D Electrophoretic profiling of Rhizobium isolates of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) collected from various soil regimes. Cicer arietinum plant has been taken as a model system for the collection of nodules. Chickpea, as a legume, improves soil fertility through (BNF) biological nitrogen fixation. Chickpea is a crop that provides cash income from its grain. It requires no N fertilizers owing to its ability to fix atmospheric N, and in rotation can improve the N nutrition and yield of subsequent cereals, One of the most important factors that affect the efficiency of symbiosis between Rhizobia and plants is the pH of the soil in which they interact. The host plant to any symbiotic Rhizobium appears to be theThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF CAUDAL EPIDURAL LEVOBUPIVACAINE ALONE AND INCOMBINATION OF DEXAMETHASONE AND TRAMADOL IN BOVINE CALVES(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Brajesh Verma; A.K. Sharma➢ RT, RR and HR exhibited progressive and non-significant decrease in all its intervals in all the groups except group IV where respiration rate and heart rate exhibited significant decrease as compared to base value but remained within normal physiological limits. ➢ HB, PCV, TLC and TEC showed the non significant variation after epidural administration. ➢ A significant increase in netrophils and relative decrease in lymphocytes was the typical feature in group I & III whereas animal of group II & IV exhibited non significant variation. Summary and Conclusion… ➢ A marked and significant increase in glucose was estimated in group II although the values remained within normal physiological limits ➢ Other biochemical paramters viz. ALT, AST, total protein, BUN, Serum creatinine, Alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase exhibited transient and non-significant variations. ➢ A moderate to excellent level of analgesia has been achieved in tail, anus and perineal area in all the groups. ➢ Analgesia was not sufficient in upper and lower thigh, scrotum, cranial and caudal flank as it was varied from mild to moderate level. ➢ Motor in coordination was found to be more for longer period of time in group IV followed by group III, group I and group II. ➢ None of the animal exhibited sedation. ➢ Onset of analgesia was faster in group IV followed by group III, I and II, whereas duration of analgesia was higher in group II followed by group I, III & IV. ➢ On the basis of above findings, it is concluded that levobupivacaine alone and in combination dexamethasone and tramadol exhibited moderate to excellent analgesia in the tail, anus and perineal region sufficient to perform surgery in these area. Levobupivacaine in combination with dexamethasone was found to be better combination in bovine calf in terms of least motor in-coordination, better analgesia and long duration analgesia.ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative Study Of Factor Roductivity On Tribal And Non- Tribal Farms In Ranchi District(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Kumar Dilip; B. K. SinghThe following conclusion and policy implications can be drawn based upon the empirical findings of the present analysis. Tribal farmers are found not using modern inputs like hybrid seed, fertilizers and insecticides and pesticides on their farms. Also the non –tribal farmers are not found using these inputs to the describe levels on their farms. This is due to the fact that both categories of farmers in the study area face severe recourse limitations and generally lack proper Knowledge of modern cultivation practices. In addition, the tribal farmers are not motivated to the adoption of new agriculture practices. They still follow the traditional and conventional method of Cultivation. So, for increasing the farm production it is necessary that the resource constraints of these farmers be resolved by providing subsidies and other economical support to not only tribal but to non-tribal farmers as well . It should further be noted that only increasing resource to farmers may not solve the purpose as they lack the knowledge of new agricultural practices. so both categories of farmers in particular, should be provided the proper technical know-how regarding modern cultivation practices, further, tribal farmers are found very rigid to their traditional method of cultivation and should be motivated to adopt the new package of practices. The Marginal productivities of almost all farm resources are found generally higher on tribal farms than those on non-tribal farms. It implies that tribal farmers use relatively lower levels of farm inputs and should be encouraged to use more and more inputs on their farms. Both the tribal and non – tribal farmers in the area are found to be inefficient allocator of their resources in the profit maximization sense which requires the equality of marginal value productivities of these resources and there corresponding unit costs. The allocative inefficiency is, however, relatively greater on tribal farms than on non –tribal farms in the cultivation of all the crops studied and also in total farm business operations. The existing levels of uses of almost all the farm inputs are found very low when compared with their optimum levels of uses. This is true for both the groups of farmers studied. An exception was, however, observed in human labour utilization in which case tribal farmers were found using this input in excess of what was economically desired. Therefore, it is suggested that the extra resources engaged in this input should be reallocated to other yield increasing farm inputs whose utilization were very low on these tribal farms Now, it can be concluded that the increasing output of crops as well as increased total farm production could be made possible to the tribal as well as non –tribal farms of the area by not only creating additional resources but also by merely readjustment of available farm recourses with farmers when viewed from profit maximizing sense.ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative Study of Immunopathology and Pathophysiology of Synthetic Pyrethroid, Organophosphate and Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticide toxicity in Broiler Chicks(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Umesh Kumar Garg; G.J. JhaOne hundred twenty day-old broiler chicks were used in the present study. They were divided into four equal groups viz control (₁), fenvalerate (T₂), mono crotophos (T) and endosulfan (T). The birds of control group (7₁) were fed with poultry mash without any pesticide for 8 weeks whereas the chicks of T2 group was fed with poultry mash containing fenvelerate 20 ppm/kg of the sash, T3 group was fed with mash containing 2 ppm monocrotophos and T group was fed with ration contaminated with 2 ppm endosulfan per kg of the feed for 8 weeks. The signs of the pesticide toxicity appeared after a fortnight of the experiment. Dullness, depression, anorexia, roughness of body coat, excess salivation in few chicks, drooping of head, convulsions and paralysis were the main clinical signs of the toxicity. lo difference in body weight could be recorded at any stage of the experiment. The mortality pattern (7-10%) in monocrotophos and endosulfan fed chicks was almost similar but it was higher (i.e. 20%) in fenva lerate fed chicks. This could be due to difference in the dose rate of the pesticide used for intoxication. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen did not show any significant change due to any of the three pesticides used for the toxicity in any of the three pesticides used for the toxicity in broiler chicks.ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative Study on Role And Decision Making of Tribal And Non Tribal Women of Ranchi District ( Bihar ) In Anim...(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Miss Khangembam Bijubala Devi; Dr. R.M. SrivastavaMajority of the tribal and non-tribal women respondents belonged to middle age group (31 to 50 years), illiterate, having both nuclear and joint type of family with medium family size (6 to 9 members), no or less social participation, low extension contact, low family educational status and medium value orientation score. 2. In context with economic characteristics, the study revealed that although there was non-significant difference between tribal and non-tribal respondents on livestock holding. land holding and occupation of the women, the socio economic status and the annual income of the non- tribals were significantly higher than that of tribal respondence.ThesisItem Open Access A Studies on Some Economic Traits of Reciprocal Crosses of White Leghorn and Desi Birds Under Farm and Village Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1982) Krishna Murari Sah; Dr. B.D. SharmaThis study was undertaken to find out the combining ability between White Leghorn and Desi birds for growth, production and carcass characters. (1) The combining ability of WL male with Desi female vas better than those of Desi male with WL female with respect to fertility, hatchability and early embryonic death. (2) The progeny of Desi do x ML op were heavier than their counterparts (bdx Desi gg) at all stages of growth. (3) The growth of KL and Desi box wL oo birds was superior under farm conditions of rearing, while that of the other two genetic groupe (Desi and Loox Desi oo) were better under village conditions of rearing at 12th, 16th and 20th week of age. (4) The dressing percentage of Deni birds was more in comparison to other genetic groups. (5) The co-efficient of determination (R2) for prediction of dressed weight on live weight was 97.30, 99.73, 83.17 and and WL66 Desagg 99.75% in L. Desi, Desi box a co males slaughtered at 12th week of age. (6) Desi 60' x L 0o birds were 31.8, 33.3, 1.4, 15.7, 67.9. 30.0, 56.0, 19.4 and 13.6 percent superior to Desi birds for hatching weight, weight at 20th week of age, weight at first lay, age at first lay, egg production upto 240 days of age, clutch size, weight of first egg. length and width of first egg respectivelyThesisItem Open Access A study of opinion leaders in communication of agricultural technology in mid mountainous region of Nepal(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Janaki Prasad Khanal; Y P SinghThe foregoing finding lead to the following conclusions Opinion leader in progressive village had higher extension participation, risk preference and were more cosmopolite but there had smaller family size , land holding ,farm power possession and caste status as compared to the opinion leaders in non-progressive village. There was no difference in age, education, socio- economic status, occupation, material possession, social participation, innovativeness, economic motivation, scientific orientation, risk preference and innovation proneness of the opinion leaders of progressive and non-progressive village. Opinion leadership was positively and significantly associated with house type, social participation, innovativeness, risk preference, scientific orientation and innovation proneness in progressive village as against land holding, material possession, social participation, socio-economic status, extension participation, economic ,motivation, risk preference and innovation non-progressive village. The nature of leadership was polymorphic in both progressive and non – progressive village. The influence of opinion leaders was maximum at knowledge and persuasion function in both the progressive and non progressive village. Opinion leaders advice was sought by the opinion seekers who felt problems during implementation and confirmation function of innovation decision process. Lack of input was the major constraint in the implementation of HYV rice programme at implementation function. Re- invention of innovation in non progressive village was mainly due to poor knowledge of innovation. The interpersonal communication was homopilou with respect to education caste and land holding in progressive village and education which had land holding heterophony.ThesisItem Open Access A Study On Cross Breeding Of Desi With Landrace And Large White Yorkshire Pigs(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Sharma, Banshidhar; H. R. Misra1.Landrace is more suitable for farm owing to its physical conformation and inherent genetic potential of faster growth at the finishing stage, whereas, Large white Yorkshire being more adaptable to rural condition with comparatively high post-weaning shock tolerance capacities stands ahead of the former for distribution in villages where its halfbreds perform better then Landrace halfbreds. 11. A decrease in magnitudes on pre-weaning body weights and linear body measurements with the increase of litter size at birth seemed to be a decisive factor of considerable importance in selection for phenotypic traits. 111. The lower rate of growth just after weaning in almost all the genetic groups suggested need of special care and management at that stage. 1V. Because of high resistance of weaning shock in halfbreds they excel the exotic over preference for any developmental programme in rural areas. If at all, exotics do not merit such consideration until they have crossed the weaning period at least by over one month. V. A significant superiority in litter size, apart from litter weight at birth and at weaning, is an additional advantage in economic traits by crossing of Desi sows with exotic boars over indigenously bred sows with Desi male.ThesisItem Open Access A Study on the Enteropathy of Salmonellae and Their Enterotoxins(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Bhaskar Debnath; S.P.ChoudharyAll the serotypes of Salmonella showed vascular permeability reactions (VPR) on rabbit skin. Therefore, it was concluded that VPR test might be employed as an alternative assay system for screening enterotoxigenic Salmonelise. There was variation in the heat stability of the enterotoxins of S ohlo, S. bornum and Salmonella (3:10:r:-). While the CFS of S. ohfo induced enough fluid accumulation in RLIL to consider it positive for enterotoxic activity after heating at 70°c for 30 minutes the CPS of S bornum and Salmonella (3:10:r:-) showed decrease in the enterotoxicity activity at 70°C for 30 minutes. However, the CFS of all the serotypes of Salmonella were found to be heat labile and lost their enterotoxicity at 80°C for 30 minutes. The enterotoxic activity of the CFS of all the Salmonellae maintained between pH 6.0 and 8.0. The enterotoxins were sensitive to proteolytic enzyme trypsin. The enterotoxins present in CFS of the organisms were salt precipitable with ammonium sulphate at 60.0 per cent saturation level. It was concluded that enteropathy of diarrhoea associated with Sohio, S. bornum and Salmonella (3:10:r:-) was enterotoxin mediated.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON THE MARKET POTENTIAL OF HYBRID CHILLI & TOMATO SEEDS OF VNR SEEDS PVT. LTD. IN JASHPUR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISHGARH(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Rahul Raj; C.S. SinghThe study aims to explore the market potential of hybrid chilli and tomato seeds of VNR Seeds PVT. Ltd. in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh. The study was conducted using a mixed-method approach. A survey was conducted among 120 farmers in Jashpur district to gather information about their preferences for chilli and tomato seeds, their willingness to adopt hybrid seeds, and their purchasing behavior. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Additionally, interviews were conducted with 12 seed dealers in the district to understand the market potential for hybrid seeds. The findings of the study suggest that the farmers in Jashpur district have a high demand for hybrid chilli and tomato seeds. About 60% of the farmers surveyed expressed a willingness to adopt hybrid seeds, citing reasons such as higher yield, better quality, and disease resistance. The study found that the farmers' purchasing behavior was influenced by factors such as seed quality, availability, and price. The regression analysis revealed that age, education, and farm size were significant factors that influenced the farmers' willingness to adopt hybrid seeds. The interviews with seed dealers revealed that there is a high demand for hybrid seeds in the district, and VNR Seeds PVT. Ltd. has a good reputation among the farmers. The dealers mentioned that the company's seeds are of good quality, and the company offers timely delivery and after-sales services. However, the dealers also highlighted that the company needs to improve its marketing strategies to increase its market share in the district. In conclusion, the study suggests that there is a high market potential for hybrid chilli and tomato seeds of VNR Seeds PVT. Ltd. in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh. The farmers in the district have a high demand for hybrid seeds, and the company's seeds are of good quality. However, the company needs to improve its marketing strategies to increase its market share in the district. The findings of the study can be used by the company to develop effective marketing strategies and increase its sales in the district.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON THE MARKET POTENTIAL OF HYBRID SUMMER VEGETABLE SEEDS OF VNR SEEDS PVT. LTD. IN RANCHI DISTRICT(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2022) Sneha Dodray; Dr. Md. Naiyar AliSeed is the most fundamental and important component for agriculture. Quality seed functions as a catalyst for all other inputs, such as fertilizers, irrigation, and pesticides, to reach their full potential. To a considerable part, the response of all inputs is determined by the quality of seeds. The present study “A study on the market potential of hybrid summer vegetable seeds of VNR seeds Pvt. Ltd. in Ranchi district” was carried out in the Kanke, Nagri, Burmu, Itki, Bero Block of Ranchi district to see the awareness and use of hybrid seeds in the selected area. With the different objectives, to study the preferences of hybrid vegetable seeds among the farmers, to assess the market share of the hybrid summer vegetable seeds in the district, the marketing strategy used by the seed companies with reference to VNR seeds Pvt. Ltd. for selling hybrid vegetable seeds in the district. Lastly to identify the problem and prospects of marketing by retailers and adoption by the farmers of hybrid vegetable seeds in the district. Farmers were randomly selected for the study forming a sample size of 50. Most of the farmers use hybrid vegetable seeds in their fields. Retailers were the major source of the purchase of hybrid vegetable seeds. Farmers are happy with the outcome of using hybrid seeds. Few of the farmers are still unaware about the benefits of using hybrid seeds which should be looked upon by both government, seed companies and other organizations in the field.ThesisItem Open Access ACCESS OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH MOBILE IN JHARKHAND(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) Ranjan, Rakesh; Jha, B.K.Mobile has emerged as important communication media in agricultural extension. A number of initiatives have been undertaken by government and non-government organizations. In Jharkhand the services of Kisan Call Centre and voice mail of IIFCO-Kisan Sanchar Nigam Limited are already going on. Birsa Agricultural University has developed guided SMS. Hence, it was thought prudent to conduct a study on “Access of agricultural information through mobile in Jharkhand” with the specific objectives viz. to study the use of different mobile applications by the farmers, to assess farmers’ preference about different types of media-text ,audio, image and video, to assess the quality of receptivity and applicability of different types of information received through different types of mobile applications, to ascertain association of mobile use ,access of agricultural information through mobile, information application and level of satisfaction in getting agricultural information through mobile with socio-personal and economic characteristics of respondents and to study the constraints associated with application of mobile in agricultural extension. The research design was ex-post facto. To make the study representative, Dumka, Palamu and E. Singhbhum districts were selected from agro climatic zone IV, V & VI respectively. One block each from these districts were selected on the criteria of number of IKSL service user and general agricultural development. Twelve respondents each from IKSL and non-IKSL category were selected. Thus sample size became 90. Fifteen independent variables viz. age, family education, social participation, extension contact, mass media and IT exposure, innovation proneness, attitude towards mobile, annual agricultural income, information needs, knowledge about mobile feature, level of aspiration about mobile, and monthly expenditure on mobile service and four dependant variables viz. mobile use, access of agricultural information through mobile, information application and level of satisfaction in getting agricultural information through mobile were selected which were measured through scales and indices already available or were developed under the study. The data were collected through pre-tested schedules. The collected data were analysed and interpreted through statistical tests like frequency, percentage, mean, correlation and regression. Result indicates that there was no significant difference between IKSL and non –IKSL categories of respondents as far as independent variables are concerned. All the respondents had knowledge and skill about call receiving feature. Nokia 1616 and Nokia 1800 were the predominant mobile sets with the respondents. Mobile use and information application were calculated to be 0.84 and 0.69 respectively. Video was the most preferred media. Most sought after, understood and applied information was disease control. Minimum loss from reception to application was reported in varieties. The selected variables could explain the variability to the extent of 25.5%, 63.0%, 41.6% and 47.4% in mobile use, access of agricultural information through mobile, information application and level of satisfaction in getting agricultural information through mobile respectively. Non-availability of mobile number of source emerged to be the most important constraint. Based on the findings of the study it could be concluded that mobile has the potential to transform the landscape of agricultural extension.ThesisItem Open Access Acid Tolerant Rhizobial Strains For Effective Nodulation In Cultivated Grain Legumes Of The Plateau Region(Birsa Agricultural University;Ranchi, 2000) Mandal, Kamleshwari; Sharma, A.ThesisItem Open Access Acid Tolerant Rhizobial Strains For Effective Nodulation in Cultivated Grain Legumes of The Plateau Region(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2000) kamleswer Mandal; Dr. A RazaPresent investigation aims to estimate the extent of nodulation in some common grain legumes and native rhizobial population in acidic upland and medium lands under different agro-ecological zones of the plateau region. An effort has also been made to screen acid and related stress (low P and high Al levels) tolerant isolates in liquid medium vis-a-vis to evaluate their survival and infectiveness on homologous host in respective rhizosphere in soils of pH 4.6 and 5.5 under green house conditions. Selected isolates were also evaluated for their influence on effective nodulation and productivity of homologous host in combination with two levels of nitrogen (0. 20 kg N ha¹) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kg P:Os ha¹) under unlimed and limed series in acid alfisol. Nodulation status of cultivated grain legumes grown during kharif and rahi seasons under natural conditions (without microbial and fertilizer inputs) examined at different locations viz., Ranchi, east Singhbhum (Darisai) and Dumka districts, in general revealed poor to moderate nodulation. It was further supported by low native rhizobial population in soils of RAC Farm (Ranchi), Darisai (east Singhbhum) and Dumka Farms (Dumka) which ranged from 6.2 to 733.2 x 102 g¹ soil. (estimated by MPN technique). Forty rhizobial isolates of cultivated grain legumes belonging to Rhizobian and Bradyrhizobium spp. were isolated and subjected to different physiological tests and screened for specificity and efficiency on homologous hosts under house conditions following Leonard Jar Technique (Vicent, green 1970). Fifteen isolates belonging to fast growing rhizobia (exhibiting moderate to good growth within 72 hrs.(on CR YEMA) of pea, lentil and chickpea produced acidity of varying intensity, while 25 isolates of soybean, black and green grams, groundnut and pigeonpea showing moderate to good growth after 72 hrs.made the media alkaline. Isolates exhibited wide variability in tolerance when allowed to grow in stress imposed liquid medium viz., acidity (pH 5.1) low P (5 µM KH,PO) and high Al (50 µM AI K (SO4)2. About 50 per cent (8 out of 15) isolates belonging to winter legumes were found sensitive to different stresses. Isolates BRP3, BRP1 of pea; BRL1, BRL4 of lentil; BRG3, BRG4 of chickpea showed tolerance to acidity and low P while BRP3, BRP1, BRL1, BRL2 and BRG1 and BRG2 were tolerant to high Al. Only three isolates BRP3, BRP1 of pea and BRL1 of lentil were identified tolerant to all the three stresses. In contrast most of the isolates of summer legumes showed tolerance to acidity and low P. however, more than 50 per cent isolates were sensitive to high Al level. Isolates BDS1, BDKS3 of soybean; BRM1, BDKM4 of green gram; BRU5, BDKU2 of black gram; BRGn1, BRGn2 of groundnut and BRA1, BDA2 of pigeonpea showed better adaptability to high Al Imposition of high Al was identified as the most potent stress among the three stresses affecting survival of the isolates in liquid medium. Eight acid and related stress tolerant isolates (BRP1, BRP3, BRLI, BRL2 BDKS3, BDS1, BRM1 and BDKM4) incorporated with streptomycin resistance marker (Str) were evaluated for survival (in rhizosphere), adhesion (on rhizosphere), effective nodulation and dry matter production by homologous host in soils of pH 4.6 and 5.5 under green house. Results indicated a better survival of the isolates in the rhizosphere of pH 5.5 compared to lower pH 4.6. BRP3, BRL2, BDS1 and BDKM4 isolates of pea. lentil, soybean and green gram rhizobia respectively were found superior on account of better survival in the rhizosphere, increased adhesion on roots and in inducing effective nodulation and dry mater production by the homologous hosts.ThesisItem Open Access Acreage Response of Major Foodgrains Produce In Ranchi District Of Jharkhand(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Neera Sabita Jojo; B.K.SinghProper planning and policy Formulation, it is a matter of paramount importance to study the behavior of farmers’ altitudes towards price variations. It is in this context that the acreage response of farmers to the change in price of their products has attracted the economists. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was undertaken to study the acreage response of major food grains produce in Ranchi district. Various analytical technique and methods were used to achieve the objectives. The results obtained from the study reveals that paddy still remains to be the dominant crop of area constituting 86.44 percent of the total foodgrains cropped area. It has also been found that area devoted under maize and marua are large as compared to other foodgrain crops except paddy. The linear growth rate of area and production of maize showed highly significant growth over years than the other foodgrain crops. The co-efficient of variation in price and yield of paddy was observed to be the highest among all the crops studied in the district. The acreage response of the crops studied in this research has been analyzed by using the Nerlovian partial Acreage Adjustment Model. The results revealed that co-efficient of previous years price of paddy and maize are found to have significant impact on current acreage of these two crops. Also co- efficient of previous years area under paddy, wheat and barly are found to have significant and positive impact on current acreage of these three crops. The analysis of price elasticties of supply revealed that they varied from (-) 0.3783 to 0.4455 in short run and from (-) 0.5335 to 2. 75 in long run period . This indicates that the price factor contributes very little to the decision of farmers in area allocation of the crop studied in short run and only farmers growing paddy are seen to show some response to price changes albeit in the long run. It can, thus, be concluded that the area allocated in previous years in paddy, wheat and barley has something to do with area allocation in the current year. Also, farmers growing paddy and maize respond positively to the previous years prices of these crops in acreage to be allocated in the current year.Thus, a remunerative price policy with stability in prices of these two most important crops of the Ranchi district will enhance production and productivity of these crops.ThesisItem Open Access Adoption and communication behaviour of Tribal farmers with Respect to Rock Phosphate(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1991) Prabhakar Trikey; H.S.P. SinhaTribal farmers in general do not use phosphatic fertilizer due to economic reasons besides others like poor knowledge and mythical beliefs. Some of them, however, use fertilizer as it gives visual effect immediately while others do not use it at all. The upland soil of Chotanagpur is acidic. The use of water soluble phosphatic fertilizer like super phosphate is found to be less effective in acid soils due to phosphate fixation. If phosphate fertilizer has to be made available to plants, method of preventing phosphate fixation like application of organic matters and liming have to be done,which will be prohibitive on economic consideration. Therefore, the cheap alternative phosphatic fertilizer as Rock phosphate powder for acid soils, which can release slowly and also prevent phosphate fixation in the soil is generally recommended for the tribal farmers. The government, therefore, subsidized Rock phosphate up to 75 per cent for tribal farmers in the shape of incentive. The subsidies are being given to the farmers to speed up the rate of adoption of new technology. The strategy here was to facilitate the trial use which would follow the full scale adoption, still the farmers do not use cheap Rock phosphate for fertilizer to our expectation and consequently yield of tribal farmers is poor .