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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2010 - 20197
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Subject: Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION SOURCES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ICTS FOR TRANSFER OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TECHNO
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Kumari, Shobha; Pandey, Alok Kumar
    Since most of respondents were educated up to primary level and low level of literacy is one of the main cause of non utilization of ICT, therefore strong policy should be formulated for enhancing educational level of the community to enhance the access to ICTs. Awareness and access of ICT should be increased amongst people as ICT is an important media to increase the knowledge level of people. Mass media has been very instrumental in increasing the awareness of farmers towards different social issues but has a very limited impact on A.H sector. The level of interaction of the people to different types of mass media should be increased as for example more organization of KisanMela, KisanGoshthi, circulation of Newspapers, Magazines and increased internet literacy among the people. Significant difference was found between Near the block and Away from the block respondents as T value was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for various parameters which were important indicator of their knowledge. So effective plans and schemes might be made to increase the radius and extent of people oriented extension programme by the government to make it more far reaching. Knowledge level of adoption of various animal husbandry practices is still dissatisfactory (Medium or Low), which means that the agriculture and animal husbandry practices should be made on more scientific lines for which farmer should avail proper knowledge and training.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AN ASSESSMENT ON WORKING OF LIVESTOCK DEPENDENT SELF HELP GROUPS (SHGs) IN RANCHI DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Rewani, Sanjay Kumar; Oraon, J.
    Indian micro-finance sector dominated by Self Help Groups (SHGs) addresses issues like actualizing equitable gains from the development and fighting poverty. Livestock development through SHGs are, therefore presently on the limelight due to their immense impact on capacity building and demographic enlightenment in rural India. The SHG-bank linkage programme has not progressed in the state of Jharkhand at the same pace as in other parts of country. With this backdrop of poor progress of SHGs in Jharkhand, the present study entitled “An Assessment on Working of Livestock Dependent Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Ranchi District of Jharkhand” was conducted with the following objectives: 1. To study the socio-personal, communication and psychological characteristics of SHG members. 2. To understand the structure and function of selected SHGs. 3. To study the social empowerment of SHG members. 4. To assess the economic empowerment of SHG members. 5. To compare the performance of Government promoted and NGO promoted SHGs. 6. To study the perception of SHG members towards the programme. The present study was carried out in purposively selected Ranchi district of Jharkhand owing to the presence of large number of SHGs in this area, which were predominantly involved in livestock rearing. Three blocks of Ranchi district namely Kanke, Angara and Ormanjhi, having maximum number of livestock dependent SHGs were purposively selected for the study. Two government promoted and two NGO promoted SHGs were randomly selected from each block. Thus, a total of twelve SHGs were selected. All selected SHGs were Women SHGs. All members of the randomly selected SHGs were taken as respondents for the study. Thus, a total of 140 respondents were selected. They were interviewed personally with the help of a structured schedule. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. The salient findings of the study were : majority of the SHG members were middle aged (53.57%), illiterate (75.71%), belonging to ST category (61.43%), possessing small sized family (51.43%) and having agriculture as primary (57.14%) and livestock rearing as secondary (41.43%) occupation ; majority of them were having marginal land holding (67.86%) with annual income upto Rs. 25,000 (62.14%) and 6-10 years experience in animal husbandry (51.43%) ; a great majority of the respondents had low level of extension contact (80.71%), mass media exposure (89.29%) and availability of technical inputs (81.43%) ; most of the members (93.57%) had taken training for animal husbandry and a large number of them were having either neutral or favourable attitude towards animal husbandry (43.57% and 42.14%, respectively) ; majority of the respondents had high level of economic motivation (57.86%) and medium knowledge about animal husbandry practices (60.71%). Majority of the SHGs (83.33%) were medium sized having 10 to 15 members and all the SHGs were homogenous in terms of social and financial background of their members ; structure and conduct of SHGs especially with reference to size, homogeneity, conduct and attendance of meetings, utilization of savings, record keeping etc. were broadly in conformity with the guidelines of the programme ; all the SHGs had passed the Ist grading and had received the revolving fund but only half of them were able to cross the IInd grading and of them only one-third had availed bank loan for Income Generating Activities (IGAs) ; half of the SHGs had taken pig rearing, one-third had taken goat rearing and rest (16.67%) had taken cattle rearing as their IGAs, and only some of the members in all SHGs were involved in IGAs. There was a positive and significant change in the self confidence level, participation in decision making within family and membership in other organizations of the members after joining SHG, however, there was no significant change in economic independency, control over their income and participation in decision making of the members at group or community level ; there was a significant increase in the annual household income of the members from livestock rearing and total annual household income, and a considerable increase in the possession of the assets like home appliances, type of houses, vehicles etc. of the members after joining SHG ; there was no significant difference in the performance of government promoted and NGO promoted SHGs ; almost all the SHG members were in agreement with the positive statements about the SHG and majority were in disagreement with the negative statements.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP IN DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Shweta, Kumari; Pandey, A. K.
    In Jharkhand, the rural families are dependent on natural resources like land, water, livestock and forests for generating employment and for their livelihood. Among the livestock, cattle and buffaloes play a significant role and are well distributed among small and large land holders. Despite having huge cattle and buffalo population, the availability of milk as well as milk production of dairy animal in the state is low against the national average. The productivity can be increased by adopting cross breeding. But in Jharkhand, cross breeding is not widely accepted due to lack of proper breeding strategy, non-adoption of A.I. due to inadequate availability of A.I. services. To cope up with this problem, the Government of Jharkhand, Department of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries (D.A.H) made an agreement with the BAIF Development Research Foundation on 6th June, 2005. The D.A.H and BAIF is delivering the TIPs and services viz. frozen semen, vaccines, medicines, mineral mixture, fodder seed and extending technical advisory and monitoring services to the farmers. BAIF has been working in partnership with the D.A.H since four years to enhance productivity of dairy cattle and buffalo with a view to boost up the milk production and to meet the requirement of this state. To access the working of this partnership the present study with the title “Public-Private-Partnership in Dairy Development in Jharkhand” was undertaken with following specific objectives: a) To study the existing delivery system of various technical inputs to the cattle owners. Thesis Abstract 2 b) To analyze the characteristics of the beneficiaries of the technical inputs and services. c) To ascertain the opinion of the cattle owners on the existing delivery system. d) To study the constraints experienced by the D.A.H personnel in channelizing the inputs to the cattle owners. The study was conducted in the 12 villages, coming under four blocks of Ranchi district. Out of 24 blocks, 2 blocks each for D.A.H and BAIF were selected randomly and from the above blocks, 3 villages from each block were selected purposively. These villages were Boreya, Sangrampur, Garh Husir, Kuchu Basti, Kulhi and Gangutola under D.A.H study area and Chund, Jaher, Bargarhi, Burmu, Chakme and Geswe under BAIF study area. The farmers were selected to get their opinion about the existing system of input delivery. Besides 120 farmers, 15 officials from D.A.H at all three levels, viz., district, block and villages and 6 officials of Bhartiya Agro Industries Foundation (BAIF) working in the study were selected as respondents for the present study. The data was collected on the pre-structured interview schedule by personal interview method from all the selected respondents, during June-July, 2009. Besides, the secondary data revealed to the D.A.H and BAIF activities in terms of inputs availability, modus-operandi and utilization were taken from the officials as well as from official record to understand the existing system of input delivery. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. 3 SALIENT FINDINGS Majority of the respondents under sample were in middle age group, having education upto high school level. On an average, a large percentage of the respondents had 6 to 9 members in their family. Large percentage of the respondents belongs to backward caste with social affiliation. Agriculture was found to be the main occupation of all the respondents. Among secondary occupation, dairying was the widely practiced by majority of the respondents, in combination with agriculture. Majority of the farmers in the study area were found as a marginal farmers having land holding upto 2.5 acres. Medium herd strength with 3 to 9 animals was found with the large number of respondents. Similarly, majority of the respondents were falling in the monthly income range of Rs. 2000-3000. Daily milk production, consumption and sale of a household ranged from 6.05 to 7.59 litres, 0.84 to 0.96litres and 4.62 to 5.66 litres respectively. The D.A.H was mainly concerned with providing frozen semen, vaccines, medicines, mineral mixture and fodder seed to the cattle owners. Similarly, the BAIF was mainly concerned with channelizing three technical inputs viz., frozen semen, mineral mixture and fodder seed. The ultimate aim to understand the existing system of input delivery was to know the effectiveness of the public-private partnership. The parameter of effectiveness were the bovine population per dispensary/DCDC and per LSA/centre-in-charege, number of villages per dispensary/DCDC and per LSA/centre-in-charge, number of A.I. done per A.I. center/DCDC per year, percentage of breedable bovines covered through A.I. Number of number of calves born in respect of A.I. done, conception rate, number of 4 insemination per conception and total number of treatment done, vaccination performed, castration done and distribution of fodder seed and mineral mixture. The findings revealed that the D.A.H was poor in technical staff in terms of sanctioned post and staff in position with inadequate storage facilities. Whereas in case of BAIF, the staffs were adequate in terms of sanctioned post with better storage facilities but inadequate to cover large area with huge cattle population. From the secondary data, the number of villages and bovine population per dispensary/DCDC was found as high as about 38/49 and 27/10 thousand respectively and similarly about 45/10 thousand bovine population spread over 38/49 villages were under single LSA/DCDC-in-charge, giving heavy load over the dispensary/DCDC and staff. Total breedable female bovine population per A.I. centre/DCDC was also found to be high. The supplied semen dose per A.I. centre per year was as 207 straw. The A.I. done per A.I. centre per year was low as compared to the DCDC. In the entire district, the percentage of breedable bovines covered through A.I. was found only 11% and 12.5% for D.A.H and BAIF respectively, whereas, in the study area this percentage was still lower to 2.75% and 6.32 respectively. The conception rate in the study area was 64% and 58% with 48% and 58% of calving percentage in D.A.H and BAIF respectively and for one conception the number of insemination done was 1.11 and 1.74 in the study area for D.A.H and BAIF respectively. Though the information was collected from the villages or adjacent villages where dispensaries were not located, a good number of respondents were not aware of the 5 D.A.H staff of their village, whereas, all of the respondents were aware of the DCDC-incharge of their village. Most of the respondents knew about vaccination, treatment, deworming, castration and A.I. as the facilities provided by the D.A.H staff and A.I. and technical advice provided by DCDC-in-charge. Quack was the most choiced person contacted by the respondents when their animals have fallen sick. Veterinary doctor or LSA was mostly consulted by the respondents when the case was beyond the comprehension of quack. The main reason for not inviting veterinary doctor to the farm for getting their sick animals treated was distant location of the dispensaries and high fee charged by them for the farm visit. Majority of the respondents were of the opinion that they had to purchase veterinary medicines whenever their animals were taken ill. Similarly, about 67.5% of the respondents reported that they need to pay for medicine as well as treatment. The TIPs and services which are utilized by most of the respondents in the descending order of frequency were vaccination, treatment of animals, technical advice, to obtain mineral mixture and A.I of the D.A.H and A.I., mineral mixture, technical advice and fodder seed of BAIF. There were only 32 and 60 respondents who availed AI services offered by the D.A.H and BAIF respectively. Similarly, there were 73 and 98 respondents who utilized treatment and vaccination services of D.A.H, respectively. However, a good number (51 out of 60) respondents sought technical advice from the officials of D.A.H and all the 60 respondents from the BAIF on various aspects of improved animal husbandry practices. 6 About 35% respondents reported that A.I. services of D.A.H were not always available to them. As many as 32% reported average quality and 35% of them felt that the charges for A.I. were minimal. Whereas, about 92% respondents reported that A.I. services of BAIF was always available to them. All the respondents reported good quality and 65% of them felt that the charges for A.I. were minimal. Similarly, about 42% of the respondents opined that the treatment services were irregular and 44% felt the quantity of services as good and about 32% respondents indicated the service charge as high. A good majority of respondents expressed the opinion that the vaccines were available in adequate quantity on time. 45% of the respondents expressed good quality of vaccines provided by the D.A.H. With respect to the technical advice offered by the staff of D.A.H, 40% of the respondents opined that it was available regularly and 75% expressed the quality of advice as good. However, all the respondents expressed their opinion as regular availability of technical advice and 80% as the good quality of technical advice. The respondents felt that the technical services of the D.A.H staff were not available to them on most of the days and majority of them were not satisfied or cannot express their satisfaction with the services offered by them. However, 75% of the respondents felt that the technical services of the DCDC-in-charge were available most of the days and majority (85%) of them were highly satisfied with the services rendered by them. 7 Among various constraints coming to the way of D.A.H as well as BAIF officials in channelizing the inputs and services, inadequate manpower was ranked as the most severe constraint followed by more area of coverage. Regarding constraints experienced by the D.A.H officials in conducting A.I. programme, irregular and inadequate supply of semen and insufficient supply of liquid nitrogen was the top ranked constraint, whereas, one-third of the BAIF officials identified poor knowledge of the respondents as constraint in conducting the A.I. programme. Poor storage facility for vaccines and untimely supply of vaccines from the department were the most experienced constraints, related to vaccines, by the D.A.H officials. Officials of D.A.H experienced inadequate and irregular supply of proprietary medicines as the major constraints in supplying medicines to the cattle owners. Regarding area of coverage, majority of the D.A.H as well as BAIF officials were feeling the less number of LSAs and bad condition of road as the constraint. Majority of the D.A.H officials were experiencing the non-availability of deepfreezer, sufficient number cryocans and modern gadget for storing medicines, vaccines and semen. This was immediately followed by old and bad working condition of available storage equipments, whereas, the BAIF officials were equipped with adequate and sufficient storage facilities. Poor economic condition and knowledge and awareness among farmers regarding improved AH practices were major constraints from farmer sides experienced by D.A.H as well as BAIF officials in extending TIPs and services. Non-availability of technical staffs for official work and lack of buildings to establish centres in the villages were some miscellaneous constraints faced by the D.A.H 8 officials and non-availability of technical staff by the DCDC-in-charge in effective supply of technical inputs and services. Most of the D.A.H officials (85.72%) were dissatisfied with the present system of input delivery. But only one-third of the BAIF officials were dissatisfied with the present system.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM MASTITIC MILK
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2012) Patnaik, Subhasree; Prasad, Arun
    The present study was undertaken for isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from cases of bovine mastitis. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was studied. Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus was done by Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE). For this purpose 75 milk samples were obtained from cases of bovine clinical mastitis. These samples were received in the department from RVC clinical complex, directly from the farmers and from organized private dairy farms in and around Ranchi.  Out of 75 milk samples the percentage of Staphylococcus spp. was 53.33 percent, out of which percentage of Coagulase positive and coagualse negative Staphylococcus spp were 28% and 25.33% respectively. The prevalence of Staphylococcal mastitis was the highest among the mastitis caused by other bacteria.  Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Coagulase negative Staphylococcus) were identified on the basis of their cultural characteristics, morphology and staining characteristics and biochemical profile.  The drug sensitivity test of 21 Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showed that Ciprofloxacin was most effective antibiotic followed by Tetracycline, Kanamycin, Amikacin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Streptomycin and Co-trimoxazole in decreasing order. The organisms were moderately sensitive to Cephalexin and Nitrofurantoin but highly resistance to Ampicillin.  Similarly, 19 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test where Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, amikacin, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole were effective. The organisms were moderately sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, but highly resistance to Cephalexin and Ampicillin.  When the whole cell protein of 21 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were subjected to SDS PAGE against protein marker, we got 26 protein bands range from 207.90 KDa to 6.10 KDa having broad similarities. But 4 bands i.e. 36.35 KDa, 31.16 KDa, 24.05 KDa and 19.49 KDa were highly expressed in 8 out of 21 isolates.  When the whole cell protein of 19 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis were subjected to SDS PAGE against protein marker, we got 14 protein bands range from 239 KDa to 14.08 KDa having broad similarities. But 2 bands i.e. 69.09 KDa and 32 KDa were highly expressed in all the isolates.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON STATUS AND CONSTRAINTS OF GOAT REARING IN AND AROUND OF RANCHI DISTRICT
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2014) KUMARI, NEHA; Oraon, J.
    In Jharkhand the rural families are dependent on natural resources like land, water, livestock and forests for generating employment and for their livelihood. Among the livestock, goats play a significant role and are well distributed among landless and marginal land holders. Keeping in view the importance of goat in the economic upliftment of poor farmers of Jharkhand state and particularly in Ranchi district, the present study is planned to have an exhaustive study of the existing goat farming practice of goat farmer of Ranchi district and also to fill the gap between the existing practices and the recommendation scientific practices. OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the socio-personal and socio-economic characteristics of respondent. 2. To study the existing goat farming practices of goat farmer viz. breeding, feeding, management & disease control. 3. To study the knowledge level of farmers about improved goat farming practices. 4. To study the adoption of improved goat farming practices. 5. To study the relationship between socio-personal and socioeconomic variables with adoption & knowledge by the respondent. 6. Constraints experienced by farmers in goat farming. Out of the 24 blocks of Ranchi district, three blocks namely, Kanke, Ormanjhi, and Ratu were selected randomly for the study. 2 10 farmers having at least two or more goat from each village were selected randomly. Thus 50 farmers each from one block were selected and finally a total of 150 farmers were selected randomly for the present study The data was collected on the pre-structured interview schedule by personal interview method from all the selected respondents. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF INFORMATION MEDIA ON LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT OF LIVESTOCK FARMERS IN RANCHI DISTRICT
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Kumari, Anu; Oraon, J.
    Livestock is an integral part of Indian economy and play a multifaceted role in providing livelihood support to rural population, especially to resource poor, small, medium and landless labourers. It provides additional source of income to rural population. It contributes about 4.2% of the GDP and 25.6% of the agricultural GDP in the country. But even after years of independence we are facing a lot of gap between demand, supply and availability of milk, meat and eggs. Researchers have proven that the prime reason is the lack of awareness about recommended practices. The improvement in livestock implies a shift from traditional to new scientific methods of production by developing superior technologies for mass adoption of livestock owners. Hence a media is required for mass adoption of livestock owners. Mass media brings significant changes to agriculture and livestock’s and helps in increasing productivity and enhancing livelihoods .Various mass media consisting of electronic media, print media, folk media and visual media are proved to be the most powerful opinion marker in this information age. Radio is the fastest, cheapest and powerful mass medium having reach up to the unreached mainly because of low cost and its ability to be present and used everywhere cutting the barrier of literacy and distance . Researchers proved that it is one of the most effective media in promoting agriculture and development in rural area particularly for delivery of quick information. Side by side television is an audio visual aid used for mass communication. It is a fact that people retain 50 percent or more through TV where both hearing and seeing is employed. The use of television as a powerful communication medium has no doubt to fascinate the agriculture educators to harness its potential for reaching far across the nation. Printed media are those communication techniques that rely principally on combination of printed words and pictures. Mass media plays a triple role in informing, entertaining and educating the masses. But education component is overshadowed by the other two. Politics, current affairs and entertainment have lion share in mass media coverage learning inadequate space and time for animal husbandry practices and agriculture does not enjoy the back up of farming industry. Therefore keeping the above facts in mind, the present investigation entitled “Impact of information media for livelihood support of livestock farmers in Ranchi District” was undertaken with the following objectives: 1. To study the socio personal and socio economic characteristics of respondents. 2. To study the existing communication pattern and extent of usage of different communication media by the respondents and extension workers. 3. To study the relationship of knowledge and adoption of information media. 4. To study the discrepancies with the use of selected communication media on livestock farmers. 5. To study the impact communication media on livelihood support of livestock farmers in Ranchi district of Jharkhand The present study was conducted in four blocks of Ranchi district of Jharkhand with a total of 160 respondents. Majority of the respondents belonged to middle age group ranging 31 to 50 years. Education up to primary and middle school were prevalent. Most of them had a medium family education status, belonged to joint family and were mostly backward caste. The economy of livestock farmers was that of subsistence type and farming formed the primary source of livelihood. Primary occupation was found to be agriculture followed by service and labourer respectively. Majority of livestock farmers (37.50%) had a land holding of 1-2 hectares with 55 percent of them having a medium livestock possession. A major of them had a monthly income of Rs.2000-3000 and almost 55 percent of them were having a medium herd size. Among mass media majority of the respondents considered radio and TV as the most important and effective source of mass communication. The newspaper and farm magazines were confined to 80 and 50 percent of the respondents respectively while more than 90 percent were having access to fairs and folk songs respectively. Regarding the mode of procurement of various mass media, the farmers mostly purchased the electronic and print media. The source of motivation was self by the majority of farmers, while extension workers played a major role in motivating the farmers for purchase of farm magazines. While radio, newspaper and farm magazine was listened and read mostly alone, TV was seen mostly with family members (55%). Almost all the mass media, programmes and articles were preserved by simply memorizing by majority of the respondents. Regarding the use of communication media by extension workers, group discussion was ranked first followed by television, radio, farm visit, newspaper etc .Charts, poster and slide shows were rarely used by the extension workers. With respect to the preference of communication sources among field functionaries, most of them agreed to have preferred B.V.O / V.A.S followed by university scientist. Regarding the knowledge level about improved animal husbandry practices, maximum knowledge was found on breeding practices followed by knowledge on managemental practices, disease control and feeding practices respectively. Regarding adoption level, medium level of adoption was found in dairy husbandry practices (61.75%), medium level of adoption in goat rearing practices (60.65%), medium level in pig rearing practices (51.85%) and medium level in poultry rearing practices (48.75%). The correlation coefficient between the knowledge and adoption level was found to be significantly high indicating positive correlation between knowledge and adoption of animal husbandry practices. The major constraints perceived in effective utilization of radio programme was difficulty in making use of the theoretical information given Among the twelve given constraints regarding television programme, most of the respondents perceived non participation of farmers in problem solving as the major constraints followed by power problem and lack of prior information on topics discussed as the constraints in effective utilization of television programme. The major constraint perceived in print media is the lack of result oriented news .This was followed by lack of field based news and newspaper not properly arriving in time. The impact of mass media was seen in economical and socio cultural aspect. Regarding economic impact majority of the respondents agreed to have increased their income due to timely market information given. As per the savings 65 percent of them have started saving regularly in commercial bank or in any SHG.The significant impact of mass media on investment was seen on increase income in animal health care. The farm information by various information media has resulted in improved efficiency of labour. The overall economic impact has been seen in case of savings followed by income, maintenance of credit worthiness, investment and employment opportunities. The social impact in respect to family system was seen in majority of the respondents giving importance to family planning. Regarding educational impact major of the respondents started sending their children regularly to school.The overall social impact was seen in case of health and sanitation with a followed by education, leadership , food habit and family system . Studies have proved that mass media have poor image and are perceived as less credible source of information by farmers, however, the findings on the attitude of farmers towards media (including traditional media) have revealed that majority of the farmers have favourable attitude towards media. It is a healthy sign of bringing desirable change in farmer’s perception of media for their development. So, there is an urgent need to sensitize the farmers and media personnel for improving the image and credibility of media. Therefore, every possible effort should be made for bringing about desirable change in the behaviour of farmers in order to get systematic information from audience about different aspects of farm radio and TV programmes, farm magazines and newspapers. A systematically planned and carefully conducted studies are needed because audience response is very useful for bringing continuous improvement in the methodology of media interventions and message contents. So team comprising extensionists, scientists, representatives of farmers and media personnel should be constituted and given the responsibility to obtain, analyse, interpret and report information regularly to media organization, agricultural universities/institutions, farmer’s organizations and extension agencies including various developmental departments operating at district level.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TRAINING PROGRAMMES IMPARTED BY KVKs IN SOUTH CHOTANAGPUR DIVISION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) ANAND, MITHUN KUMAR; Oraon, J.
    Animal husbandry and agriculture are the backbone of Indian rural economy. The progress of the nation, therefore, is linked with the advancement in these two sectors and scientific education of farmers and rural people. Thus, their potentials must be thoroughly explored and they need to be equipped with new emerging animal husbandry practices alongwith dairy technologies. Training is assuming increasing importance as a crucial input for development in all walks of life. It is obviously because human constitute the most precious resource for development in any field be it agriculture, animal husbandry health, education etc. Farm science centres (Krishi Vigyan Kendras), as innovative educational institutes, light house, have been established following the recommendations of NCA by ICAR as one of their TOT projects to impart need based, skill oriented, vocational training to the practising farmers, farm women, rural youth, fisherman and extension personnel in animal husbandry and allied sectors. Besides training, on farm research, conducting demonstrations and verification trials are the additional functions of KVKs. The KVKs of Ranchi and Lohardaga are involved in these tasks and are regularly organising training progamme for rural people on the scientific way of rearing the livestock. These are playing important role in transformation of rural livelihood by regularly sending the farmers for training on scientific livestock rearing and dairy farming to these Kendras for improving their skill, enhancing their knowledge and adoption level and also to get self employed. Training is the process by which the desired knowledge, attitude, skill and ideas are inculcated, fasten and reinforced by organism. This study was undertaken in order to assess and know the effectiveness of the training programmes on animal husbandry imparted by KVKs and offer suggestions for better transfer of scientific knowledge and new techniques; how the rural people can use it for their benefits. The following specific objectives were framed for the study: 1. To study the socio-personal & socio-economic characteristics of respondents. 2. To study the knowledge level of respondent through animal husbandry training of KVKs. To study the socio-personal & socio-economic characteristics of respondents. 3. To study the knowledge level of respondent through animal husbandry training of KVKs. 4. To assess the improvements in attitudes & skills of respondents towards training in animal husbandry. 5. To study the adoption of respondents after training programmes of KVKs. 6. To study the relationship of socio-personal and communication related variables with training effectiveness. 7. To study the Constraints experienced by the trainees in animal husbandry. The present study was carried out in purposively selected South Chotanagpur division of Jharkhand. There are five districts in this division. Each district has one KVKs. Out of these five KVKs, two are promoted by NGOs, two are organized by BAU (Ranchi) and remaining one is operated by ICAR. One KVK, each from NGOs and BAU was randomly selected for study i.e Ranchi and Lohardaga respectively. Three blocks from each identified district were selected randomly. Thus total 6 blocks were selected for the research study. The selected blocks were Kanke, Ormanjhi and Bundu from Ranchi whereas, Lohardaga, Kisko and Senha from Lohardaga. From each selected block, two villages were selected randomly. The 16 selected villages were Boreya, Nagri, Anandi, Pundag, Labga, Kanchi, Harmu, Kutmu, Kocha, Hisri, Senha , Chitri . From each selected village, 15 respondents were selected. Thus, the total 180 respondents from 2 districts (90 from each) were selected randomly for the study. The data was collected personally through a well structured and pretested interview schedule supported with personal observation and guided field walks. The data thus collected was compiled, tabulated and subjected to the statistical analysis viz., frequency, percentage, chi square test, correlation coefficient were used for proper interpretation of data. SALIENT FINDINGS 1. Majority of the respondents in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs belonged to middle age group 78% and 66% respectively. 2. Regarding education level majority of the respondents in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs were educated upto primary school level 27% and 28% respectively. 3. Majority of the respondents in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs belonged to nuclear family that was 58% and 54% respectively. 4. Majority of the respondents in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs had medium sized family i.e. 42% and 45% respectively. 5. Most of the respondents of Ranchi KVKs had medium level of extension contact that was 60%. Whereas, most of respondents from Lohardaga KVKs had low level of extension contact that was 50%. 6. Most of the respondents of Ranchi KVKs had medium level of Mass-media exposure that was 57%. Whereas, most of respondents from Lohardaga KVKs had low level of Mass-media exposure that was 53%. 7. The maximum percentage of the respondents in Ranchi KVKs were marginal farmers that was 46% whereas the majority of respondents in Lohardaga KVKs were small farmers that was 38%. 8. Most of the respondents of both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs were fell into low socio-economic status 54% and 60% respectively. 9. Majority of the respondents (50%) of Ranchi KVKs were having medium herd strength of livestock. .Whereas, in Lohardaga KVKs majority of the respondents (67.78%) were having small herd size of livestock. 10. Majority of the respondents of Ranchi KVKs fell in income group of Rs. 3000-4000 per month, whereas majority of the respondents of Lohardaga KVKs fell in income group of Rs 2000-3000. 11. Majority of the respondents (42%) Ranchi KVKs village fell in low knowledge level whereas in case of Lohardaga KVKs villages majority of the respondents(46%) fell in medium knowledge level about improved A.H. practices. 12. A large number of the respondents of both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs had favourable attitude towards animal husbandry 38% and 40% respectively. 13. Skill improvement in animal husbandry practices: a) Majority of respondents 52.22% and 57.78%, irrespective of their KVK areas had medium level of skill about heat detection of Ranchi and Lohardaga respectively. b) Majority of respondents from Ranchi KVKs (56.67%) and from Lohardaga KVKs (65.56%), had medium level of skill about preparation of balanced ration. c) Majority of respondents from Ranchi KVKs (71.12%) and from Lohardaga KVKs (56.67%), had medium level of skill in care and feeding of newborn. d) Majority of respondents 56.67% and 80%, irrespective of their KVK areas had medium level of skill in preventive measures against diseases of Ranchi and Lohardaga respectively. 14. Adoption of improved animal husbandry practices: a) Adoption of improved dairy husbandry practices: Majority of the respondents in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs villages fell in medium adoption level 63% and 50% respectively. b) Adoption of improved goat rearing practices: Majority of the respondents (46%) in Ranchi KVKs villages fell in medium adoption level whereas, in case of Lohardaga KVKs majority of the respondents (42%) fell in high adoption level. c) Adoption of improved pig rearing practices: Majority of the respondents in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs villages fell in medium adoption level 47% and 57% respectively. d) Adoption of improved poultry rearing practices: Majority of the respondents in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs villages fell in medium adoption level 57% and 53% respectively. 15. Majority of the respondents in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs villages fell in medium level of training effectiveness 81% and 79% respectively. 16. Training effectiveness had highly significant and positive relationship with extension contact, income, knowledge level of improved animal husbandry practices, skill about animal husbandry and adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. However, it had significant and positive relationship with education, mass-media exposure, socio-economic status and attitude towards training programmes. 17. Constraints experienced by the farmers in A.H. a) Constraints in adoption of IDHP I. Breeding: Non- availability of AI facility was the main constraints in Ranchi (36%) as well as Lohardaga (32%) KVKs villages. II. Feeding : Concentrate ingredients feed were costly was the main constraints in Ranchi KVKs (39%) whereas in Lohardaga KVKs villages the main constraints was unavailability of concentrates mixture (42%). III. Management: lack of knowledge about IDHP was the main constraints in both Ranchi and Lohardaga KVKs villages 31% and 34% respectively. IV. Disease control: High cost of veterinary medicine was the main constraints in Ranchi KVKs villages (37%) whereas in Lohardaga KVKs the main constraints was Non availability of veterinary dispensary in the village (71%). b) Constraints in adoption of improved poultry practices : Non-availability of night-shelter (37%) was the main constraints in Ranchi KVKs villages whereas in case of Lohardaga KVKs villages high cost of feed (34.00%) was the main constraints c) Constraints in adoption of improved pig rearing practices: High cost of concentrate (34%) was the main constraints in Ranchi KVKs villages whereas in case of lohardaga KVKs villages lack of deworming facilities (32%) was the main constraints. d) Constraints in adoption of improved goat rearing practices: Lack of space (46%) was the main constraints in Ranchi KVKs village whereas in case of Lohardaga KVKs lack of knowledge about spraying of sheds (48%) was the main constraints. CONCLUSIONS 1. Most of the farmers who were imparted training on animal husbandry in South Chotanagpur division were found belonging to the middle age group of 31-50 years; they mainly belonged to nuclear family having medium family size of 6 to 9 members and family education level upto primary school. Most of them were marginal farmer having 0.1-2.5 acres of land and had medium level of extension contacts, mass media exposure. The income of most of the trainees was Rs 3000-4000 per month with having low socio-economic status. It can be therefore, concluded that the rural people with these socio- economic characteristics and background constitute a bulk amongst trainees of KVKs and therefore, importance need to be given to this group for human resource development and they may be crucial for rural transformation. Mass media channels and extension agent’s potential need to be fully exploited for ensuring their better participation in training programmes. 2. Training imparted to rural people on animal husbandry through KVKs has helped marginally to enhance livestock farming, milk productivity, annual net income and in generating employment opportunities in the family. So the vocational trainings are of significant importance as an intervention for sustaining their livelihood by adopting improved animal husbandry practices and new technologies. Farmers need to be encouraged for taking up such vocations on scientific lines which to a great extent will help in having self employment. Thus mobilizing and fully exploiting their potential for such a vocation is of significant importance. 3. There had been considerable gain in knowledge, positive change in attitude and improvement in skill in all relevant areas of animal husbandry after acquiring training on livestock rearing by rural people from the studied institute based KVKs. This has not only helped in having better technical competency but also in pursuing and establishing livestock enterprise independently. KVKs to this extent are playing pivotal role which need to be promoted, however, efforts are to be intensified for better impact. An intellectual investment on training needs to be encouraged. KVK, Ranchi’s and Lohardaga’s efforts to this effect need to be replicated elsewhere for better results. Concerted efforts are further to be made through follow-up programmes after training so as to enhance the adoption rate of animal husbandry technologies to derive benefits of development by the trainees. 4. The training effectiveness of moderate extent suggests for appropriate strategies and approaches to be followed by KVKs to improve upon for better delivery. Thus, scope exists to improve upon and to take up correct measures for enhancing training effectiveness. 5. To be more fruitful and also to derive the advantages of training programmes of KVKs, constraints faced by the trainees are to be removed which will lead to higher training effectiveness. It appears that service delivery is of significant importance for making training programmes more successful. Thus, importance is to be attached to provide production requisites or inputs soon after their training and constantly pursue follow-up programme which to be a great extent will help in mobilizing trainees, their resources and establishing livestock enterprise of their own. IMPLICATIONS 1. The background information of trainees with socio- economic, socio- psychological and communication traits should form a base for deciding and framing out the training programmes for them. This will provide an insight and help organizers to select right, interested and needy farmers for appropriate training programmes and also in deriving benefits, taking advantage and in creating impact in the operational area of Krishi Vigyan Kendras. 2. The training effectiveness to a great extent can be enhanced while emphasizing on crucial factors of significant importance such as gain in knowledge, change in attitude and improvement in skills. Thus, it is imperative for KVKs organizers to make concerted efforts to change behavior which in-turn will help in improving and enhancing training effectiveness. 3. The training authorities of KVKs should make concerted efforts to follow-up programme after the training and pursue it further till they establish enterprise of their own. This will aid in creating good impact. 4. The study has generated useful information which may be great help to the academicians, planners, development workers and extension professionals to decide on appropriate training strategies and approaches for benefits of the trainees. SUGGESTED AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 1. As the present study was confined to only animal husbandry training programmes imparted by the institute based KVKs, there is a need to conduct similar studies involving KVKs of SAUs and NGOS encompassing different areas on which training is imparted to rural people like agriculture, fishery, horticulture and home science. 2. A separate comparative study should be undertaken to find out the training strategies and methodologies adopted by different KVKs. 3. Further research need to be carried out at different time intervals comprising of varied training courses organised by the KVKs. 4. Studied on training effectiveness of on-and off- campus training programmes conducted by KVKs should be undertaken. Future studies should need to include some more relevant attributes and communication characteristics and study their relationship with each one of the component of training effectiveness independently as well as in totally.