PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP IN DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN JHARKHAND
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Date
2010
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
In Jharkhand, the rural families are dependent on natural resources like land,
water, livestock and forests for generating employment and for their livelihood. Among
the livestock, cattle and buffaloes play a significant role and are well distributed among
small and large land holders.
Despite having huge cattle and buffalo population, the availability of milk as well
as milk production of dairy animal in the state is low against the national average. The
productivity can be increased by adopting cross breeding. But in Jharkhand, cross
breeding is not widely accepted due to lack of proper breeding strategy, non-adoption of
A.I. due to inadequate availability of A.I. services. To cope up with this problem, the
Government of Jharkhand, Department of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries (D.A.H)
made an agreement with the BAIF Development Research Foundation on 6th June, 2005.
The D.A.H and BAIF is delivering the TIPs and services viz. frozen semen,
vaccines, medicines, mineral mixture, fodder seed and extending technical advisory and
monitoring services to the farmers.
BAIF has been working in partnership with the D.A.H since four years to enhance
productivity of dairy cattle and buffalo with a view to boost up the milk production and to
meet the requirement of this state. To access the working of this partnership the present
study with the title “Public-Private-Partnership in Dairy Development in
Jharkhand” was undertaken with following specific objectives:
a) To study the existing delivery system of various technical inputs to the cattle
owners.
Thesis Abstract
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b) To analyze the characteristics of the beneficiaries of the technical inputs and
services.
c) To ascertain the opinion of the cattle owners on the existing delivery system.
d) To study the constraints experienced by the D.A.H personnel in channelizing the
inputs to the cattle owners.
The study was conducted in the 12 villages, coming under four blocks of Ranchi
district. Out of 24 blocks, 2 blocks each for D.A.H and BAIF were selected randomly and
from the above blocks, 3 villages from each block were selected purposively. These
villages were Boreya, Sangrampur, Garh Husir, Kuchu Basti, Kulhi and Gangutola under
D.A.H study area and Chund, Jaher, Bargarhi, Burmu, Chakme and Geswe under BAIF
study area.
The farmers were selected to get their opinion about the existing system of input
delivery. Besides 120 farmers, 15 officials from D.A.H at all three levels, viz., district,
block and villages and 6 officials of Bhartiya Agro Industries Foundation (BAIF) working
in the study were selected as respondents for the present study.
The data was collected on the pre-structured interview schedule by personal
interview method from all the selected respondents, during June-July, 2009.
Besides, the secondary data revealed to the D.A.H and BAIF activities in terms of
inputs availability, modus-operandi and utilization were taken from the officials as well
as from official record to understand the existing system of input delivery. The collected
data were tabulated and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools.
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SALIENT FINDINGS
Majority of the respondents under sample were in middle age group, having
education upto high school level. On an average, a large percentage of the respondents
had 6 to 9 members in their family. Large percentage of the respondents belongs to
backward caste with social affiliation. Agriculture was found to be the main occupation
of all the respondents. Among secondary occupation, dairying was the widely practiced
by majority of the respondents, in combination with agriculture. Majority of the farmers
in the study area were found as a marginal farmers having land holding upto 2.5 acres.
Medium herd strength with 3 to 9 animals was found with the large number of
respondents. Similarly, majority of the respondents were falling in the monthly income
range of Rs. 2000-3000. Daily milk production, consumption and sale of a household
ranged from 6.05 to 7.59 litres, 0.84 to 0.96litres and 4.62 to 5.66 litres respectively.
The D.A.H was mainly concerned with providing frozen semen, vaccines,
medicines, mineral mixture and fodder seed to the cattle owners. Similarly, the BAIF was
mainly concerned with channelizing three technical inputs viz., frozen semen, mineral
mixture and fodder seed.
The ultimate aim to understand the existing system of input delivery was to know
the effectiveness of the public-private partnership. The parameter of effectiveness were
the bovine population per dispensary/DCDC and per LSA/centre-in-charege, number of
villages per dispensary/DCDC and per LSA/centre-in-charge, number of A.I. done per
A.I. center/DCDC per year, percentage of breedable bovines covered through A.I.
Number of number of calves born in respect of A.I. done, conception rate, number of
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insemination per conception and total number of treatment done, vaccination performed,
castration done and distribution of fodder seed and mineral mixture.
The findings revealed that the D.A.H was poor in technical staff in terms of
sanctioned post and staff in position with inadequate storage facilities. Whereas in case of
BAIF, the staffs were adequate in terms of sanctioned post with better storage facilities
but inadequate to cover large area with huge cattle population.
From the secondary data, the number of villages and bovine population per
dispensary/DCDC was found as high as about 38/49 and 27/10 thousand respectively and
similarly about 45/10 thousand bovine population spread over 38/49 villages were under
single LSA/DCDC-in-charge, giving heavy load over the dispensary/DCDC and staff.
Total breedable female bovine population per A.I. centre/DCDC was also found to be
high.
The supplied semen dose per A.I. centre per year was as 207 straw. The A.I. done
per A.I. centre per year was low as compared to the DCDC. In the entire district, the
percentage of breedable bovines covered through A.I. was found only 11% and 12.5% for
D.A.H and BAIF respectively, whereas, in the study area this percentage was still lower
to 2.75% and 6.32 respectively. The conception rate in the study area was 64% and 58%
with 48% and 58% of calving percentage in D.A.H and BAIF respectively and for one
conception the number of insemination done was 1.11 and 1.74 in the study area for
D.A.H and BAIF respectively.
Though the information was collected from the villages or adjacent villages where
dispensaries were not located, a good number of respondents were not aware of the
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D.A.H staff of their village, whereas, all of the respondents were aware of the DCDC-incharge
of their village.
Most of the respondents knew about vaccination, treatment, deworming,
castration and A.I. as the facilities provided by the D.A.H staff and A.I. and technical
advice provided by DCDC-in-charge.
Quack was the most choiced person contacted by the respondents when their
animals have fallen sick. Veterinary doctor or LSA was mostly consulted by the
respondents when the case was beyond the comprehension of quack. The main reason for
not inviting veterinary doctor to the farm for getting their sick animals treated was distant
location of the dispensaries and high fee charged by them for the farm visit.
Majority of the respondents were of the opinion that they had to purchase
veterinary medicines whenever their animals were taken ill. Similarly, about 67.5% of the
respondents reported that they need to pay for medicine as well as treatment.
The TIPs and services which are utilized by most of the respondents in the
descending order of frequency were vaccination, treatment of animals, technical advice,
to obtain mineral mixture and A.I of the D.A.H and A.I., mineral mixture, technical
advice and fodder seed of BAIF.
There were only 32 and 60 respondents who availed AI services offered by the
D.A.H and BAIF respectively. Similarly, there were 73 and 98 respondents who utilized
treatment and vaccination services of D.A.H, respectively. However, a good number (51
out of 60) respondents sought technical advice from the officials of D.A.H and all the 60
respondents from the BAIF on various aspects of improved animal husbandry practices.
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About 35% respondents reported that A.I. services of D.A.H were not always
available to them. As many as 32% reported average quality and 35% of them felt that
the charges for A.I. were minimal. Whereas, about 92% respondents reported that A.I.
services of BAIF was always available to them. All the respondents reported good quality
and 65% of them felt that the charges for A.I. were minimal.
Similarly, about 42% of the respondents opined that the treatment services were
irregular and 44% felt the quantity of services as good and about 32% respondents
indicated the service charge as high.
A good majority of respondents expressed the opinion that the vaccines were
available in adequate quantity on time. 45% of the respondents expressed good quality of
vaccines provided by the D.A.H.
With respect to the technical advice offered by the staff of D.A.H, 40% of the
respondents opined that it was available regularly and 75% expressed the quality of
advice as good. However, all the respondents expressed their opinion as regular
availability of technical advice and 80% as the good quality of technical advice.
The respondents felt that the technical services of the D.A.H staff were not
available to them on most of the days and majority of them were not satisfied or cannot
express their satisfaction with the services offered by them. However, 75% of the
respondents felt that the technical services of the DCDC-in-charge were available most of
the days and majority (85%) of them were highly satisfied with the services rendered by
them.
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Among various constraints coming to the way of D.A.H as well as BAIF officials
in channelizing the inputs and services, inadequate manpower was ranked as the most
severe constraint followed by more area of coverage.
Regarding constraints experienced by the D.A.H officials in conducting A.I.
programme, irregular and inadequate supply of semen and insufficient supply of liquid
nitrogen was the top ranked constraint, whereas, one-third of the BAIF officials identified
poor knowledge of the respondents as constraint in conducting the A.I. programme.
Poor storage facility for vaccines and untimely supply of vaccines from the department
were the most experienced constraints, related to vaccines, by the D.A.H officials.
Officials of D.A.H experienced inadequate and irregular supply of proprietary
medicines as the major constraints in supplying medicines to the cattle owners.
Regarding area of coverage, majority of the D.A.H as well as BAIF officials were feeling
the less number of LSAs and bad condition of road as the constraint.
Majority of the D.A.H officials were experiencing the non-availability of deepfreezer,
sufficient number cryocans and modern gadget for storing medicines, vaccines
and semen. This was immediately followed by old and bad working condition of
available storage equipments, whereas, the BAIF officials were equipped with adequate
and sufficient storage facilities.
Poor economic condition and knowledge and awareness among farmers regarding
improved AH practices were major constraints from farmer sides experienced by D.A.H
as well as BAIF officials in extending TIPs and services.
Non-availability of technical staffs for official work and lack of buildings to
establish centres in the villages were some miscellaneous constraints faced by the D.A.H
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officials and non-availability of technical staff by the DCDC-in-charge in effective
supply of technical inputs and services.
Most of the D.A.H officials (85.72%) were dissatisfied with the present system of
input delivery. But only one-third of the BAIF officials were dissatisfied with the present
system.
Description
PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP IN DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN JHARKHAND
Keywords
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