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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF POLY HERBAL FORMULATION (Clerodendron infortunatum + Curcuma longa+ Aloe vera ) IN DIABETIC RATS(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) ., Dipshikha; Prasad, RajuIt can be concluded from above results that the polyherbal ointment application showed faster and organised wound healing in diabetic rats which is evidenced by higher % wound contraction, increased anti oxidative enzymes, reduced LPO and more hydroxy proline content in treated group. It is also supported by histopathological studies of granulation tissues. The Aloe vera • The findings suggested that the polyherbal treatment (CI:AV:CL = 4:7:1) have great potential to hasten cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats on topical application.ThesisItem Open Access Pharmacokinetic Studies Of Levofloxacin In Healthy And Hepatopathic Turkeys(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Rupam, Richa; Roy, B. K. An overall view of result obtained indicated that LVX persisted for longer time in hepatopathic turkeys in case of both i.v. and oral administrations. Based on pharmacokinetic parameters LVX may be given i.v. @5.09 mg/kg body weight at 66.13h interval and orally @12.49mg/kg body weight at 88.16h interval in hepatopathic turkeys.ThesisItem Open Access Pharmacokinetic Studies Of Gatifloxacin In Healthy And Hepatopathic Turkeys(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Sarkar, Koushik; Roy, B. K.An overall view of result obtained indicates that GTX persisted for longer time in hepatopathic turkeys in case of both i.v. and oral administrations. Based on pharmacokinetic parameters GTX may be given i.v. @ 9.56 mg/kg body weight at 52.98 h interval and orally @ 12.52 mg/kg body weight at 88.30 h interval in hepatopathic turkeys.ThesisItem Open Access PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES OF ENROFLOXACIN AND ITS INTERACTION WITH MELOXICAM IN TURKEYS(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Toppo, Reetu; Roy, B. K.The present experiment was conducted in eighteen turkeys. The estimation of Enrofloxacin and meloxicam concentration in plasma sample was done by HPLC coupled with variable wavelength UV/VIS detector attached with an integrator and LichroCART cartridge column was used. Injection of sample and standard were done by 25 μl loop of Hamilton syringe. (i) Enrofloxacin: Mobile phase: As mentioned above. λ value: 280 nm Flow rate: 1 ml/min Temperature of oven: 40ºC (ii) Meloxicam: Mobile phase: As mentioned above. λ value: 355 nm Flow rate: 0.8 ml/min Temperature of oven: 35ºC Enrofloxacin (ENR) The mean C°p of ENR alone in turkeys ( 10.38±0.43 μg/ml) was found to be similar to ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (9.35±0.62 μg/ml) i.v. in turkeys. The mean β value of ENR alone in turkeys (0.26±0.01 h-1) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (0.26±0.01 h- 1) i.v. in turkeys. The mean t½β of ENR alone in turkeys (2.73±0.12 h) was found to be similar that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (2.70±0.13 h) i.v. in turkeys. The mean AUC of ENR alone in turkeys (20.51±1.47 mg/L.h) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (17.72±1.40 mg/L.h) i.v. in turkeys. The mean AUMC of ENR alone in turkeys (76.56±8.99 mg/L.h) was found to be similar to that ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (66.94±7.16 mg/L.h) i.v. in turkeys. The mean MRT of ENR alone in turkeys (3.65±0.21 h) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (3.73±0.18 h) i.v. in turkeys. The mean ClB of ENR alone in turkeys (8.41±0.66 ml/kg/min) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (9.79±0.84 ml/kg/min) in turkeys. The mean Vdarea of ENR alone in turkeys (1.95±0.08 L/kg) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (2.26±0.15 L/kg) in turkeys. The mean K12 of ENR in turkeys (0.84±0.12 h-1) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (1.22±0.26 h-1) in turkeys. The mean K21 of ENR in turkeys (1.15 ±0.08 h-1) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (1.51±0.23 h-1) in turkeys. The mean K2 of ENR in turkeys (0.48±0.03 h-1) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (0.50±0.02 h-1) in turkeys. The mean T/P ratio in turkeys (0.91±0.06) was found to be similar to that of ENR after concurrent administration of MLX (0.94±0.06) in turkeys.ThesisItem Open Access SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF MANGANESE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TOXICOKINETICS IN POULTRY(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Kumari, Suruchi; Roy, B. K.Mn at the high doses reduced body weight gain and damaged liver and kidney in poultry. which was supported by histopathological examination. The SOD value was increased in brain, liver and Kidney. High doses of Mn reduced egg production and accumulated in egg yolk and egg shell. The toxicokinetic studies indicated short t1/2 of Mn and its distribution to peripheral compartments like brain.ThesisItem Open Access PHARMACOKINETICS OF CEFTRIAXONE AND ITS INTERACTION WITH PROBENECID IN HEALTHY AND FEBRILE GOATS(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2012) Kumar, Naveen; Roy, B.K.The present experiment was conducted in ten clinically healthy Black Bengal female goats. The febrile conditions in each of the five goats was produced by i.v. administration of lipopolysachharide (LPS). The estimation of ceftriaxone concentration in plasma and urine sample was done by HPLC containing C-18 cartridge column at wavelength 280nm and temp was maintained at 350C. The mobile phase containing tetraheptyl ammonium bromide, acetinitrile, phosphate buffer and citrate buffer. Flow rate was maintained at 1.00 ml/min and retention time of ceftriaxone was 13.00 min. The limit of detection of ceftriaxone by HPLC was 1.04 μg/ml and 0.25 μg/ml in plasma and urine respectively. Plasma (intravenous, 50mg/kg): The mean Cp max and Cp min of CTA were 179.13±1.88 and 6.44±0.32 μg/ml at 0.08 h and 2 h respectively. The Cp ther of CTA (MIC>1 μg/ml) was maintained between 0.08 h to 2 h and drug level could not be detected at 3 h. The Cp max of CTA in individual goats varied between 173.63 to 184.29 μg/ml at 0.08 h. The Cp max value of CTA in individual febrile goat varied from 244.16 to 234.09 μg/ml. Samples collected after 4 h did not show the detectable level of CTA. The mean Cp max of CTA after single i.v. dose in healthy goats with probenecid was observed to be 133.67±1.62 μg/ml at 0.08h and declined to 1.23±0.09 μg/ml at 6 h. The mean Cp max of CTA in individual healthy goat varied from 130.20 to 139.30 μg/ml. Plasma samples collected after 6 h did not show presence of CTA. The mean Cp max of CTA in febrile goats after single dose probenecid (1gm orally) was observed to be 246.04±1.20 μg/ml at 0.08 h and declined to 2.16±0.20 till 8 h. The Cp ther was maintained between 0.08 to 8 h following CTA administration. The Cp max of CTA in individual febrile goat after single dose (1gm, orally) probenecid varied from 248.80 to 242.00 μg/ml. Plasma samples collected after 8 h did not show the detectable level of CTA. The mean value of zero time intercept of elimination phase (B) was 72.7±1.12 μg/ml and zero time plasma concentration (Cop) was 280±4.31 μg/ml. It is also evident that the mean value of elimination rate constant (β), plasma half-life of elimination phase (t½β) and total body clearance (ClB) were 1.26±0.01 h-1, 0.55±00 h and 9.2±0.17 ml/kg/min after single i.v. dose administration in healthy goats. The t½ β value of CTA in individual healthy goats ranged between 0.53 to 0.57 h. The mean values of MRT and Vd area in healthy goats were 0.54±0.01 h and 0.43±00 L/kg. The mean value of B was 81.13±3.82 μg/ml and Cop was 312.42±12.81 μg/ml. It is also evident that the mean value of β, t½β and ClB were 0.75±00 h-1, 0.92±00 h and 6.07±0.18 ml/kg/ min. The mean values of MRT and Vdarea in febrile goats were 0.99±0.02 h and 0.48±0.01 L/kg. The mean value of B was 0.7±0.01 μg/ml and COP was 5.08±0.67 μg/ml. It is also evident from table 19 that the mean value of β, t½β and ClB of CTA were 0.98±00 h-1, 0.98±0.02 h and 7.10±0.47 ml/kg/min respectively. The mean value of B was 0.50±00 μg/ml and COP was 11.29±1.63 μg/ml. it is also evident from table that the mean value of β, t½β and ClB of CTA were 0.97±00 h-1, 1.35±0.02 h and 0.36±00 ml/kg/min respectively in febrile goats. The mean value of MRT of CTA in healthy goats was 1.59±0.02 h. Urine (i.v., 50mg/kg): The mean Cu max value of CTA alone in healthy (30.19±0.74 μg/ml) and febrile goats (25.87±3.38 μg/ml) at 3 and 4 h respectively. It is also evident that the mean Cu max value of CTA with probenecid in healthy (303.96±1.42 μg/ml) and febrile goats (250.91±0.80 μg/ml) were found at 0.16 h. The above also shows that the mean Cu max of CTA in healthy goats without probenecid and febrile goats with probenecid differ significantly (p<0.01) and the mean Cu max value of CTA in febrile goats without probenecid also differ significantly.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF Tephrosia purpurea AGAINST ARSENIC INDUCED SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2012) Gora, Ravuri Halley; Roy, B.K.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of Tephrosia purpurea on arsenic induced sub-acute toxicity in albino rats and their effects on Serum bio-markers, haematological parameters, blood concentrations, tissue concentration and oxidative stress in rats. Histopathological study of liver, kidney and brain was also done. For subacute toxicity study 32 wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 animals in each group. Group-I was kept as control, group II was treated with Tephrosia purpurea (500 mg/kg, oral) alone, group-III was treated with sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg, oral) alone and group- IV was treated with sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg, oral) plus Tephrosia purpurea (500 mg/kg, oral) for 28 days. 1. Sodium arsenite, Tephrosia purpurea fed rats did not exhibit any toxic clinical signs during the experimental period. 2. Significant decrease in body weight was observed in arsenic treated group as compared to all other three treatment groups. 3. There was no significant change in the mean of organ weights between the treatment groups. 4. Haematological parameters such as TEC, TLC, Hb % were decreased in arsenic treated group and there was significant increase in these value in sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group. There was increase in eosinophil and neutrophil (%) in arsenic treated group, but there was decrease in these increased levels in sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group. 5. Liver functioning was assayed through the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, as compared to the control group of rats arsenic treated group showed significant increase in these levels. There was significant decrease in these levels in sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group. 6. Renal function was assessed by the BUN and creatinine levels in serum. There was significant increase in these levels in arsenic treated group as compared to other treatment groups. 7. Apoptosis in leucocytes was assessed by DNA fragmentation assay. There was no apoptosis in all treatment groups as compared to control. 8. There was significant increase in LPO and SOD levels in kidney and liver of arsenic treated group as compared with control group. But there was also significant decrease in these levels in sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group. 9. There was significant increase in arsenic concentration in all organs and blood of arsenic treated group and sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group as compared to control group. 10. There was no significant difference in all above parameters of Tephrosia purpurea treated group as compared to control group. 11. Histopathological studies of different vital organs showed the following changes. a. Liver of rats of arsenic treated group revealed consistent tissue alterations showing marked infiltration of mononuclear cells, pyknotic nuclei, cytoplasmolysis, aggregation of van kuffer cells and inflammatory changes. However, there was mild necrosis in sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group. b. Kidney of rats of arsenic treated group showed granular, vacuolar changes along with cytoplasmolysis and infiltration of mononuclear cells. There was reduced cytoplasmolysis and mild granular changes in kidney of sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group. c. Brain of rat of arsenic treated group showed perineuronal edema, congestion, with mild neuronophagia. But there was mild neuronal edema in brain of rats of sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group. d. Intestine of rat of arsenic treated group revealed haemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation and loss of villi. But in intestine of rat of sodium arsenite plus Tephrosia purpurea treated group showed mild inflammation and intact villi.ThesisItem Open Access Pharmacokinetic Studies Of Levofloxacin In Healthy And Hepatopathic Turkeys(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2010) Rupam, Richa; Roy, B. K.The pharmacokinetic studies of levofloxacin (LVX) after intravenous (10 mg/kg body weight) and oral (20 mg/kg body weight) administration were conducted in healthy and hepatopathic turkeys. The silent features of the findings are given below: Intravenous administration: 1) The tCpther observed in hepatopathic turkeys (36 h) was longer than healthy (12 h). 2) The mean β value of LVX observed in hepatopathic turkeys (0.08±0.00 h–1) was significantly (p<0.01) lower as compared to healthy turkeys (0.26±0.01 h-1). 3) The mean t1/2β of LVX observed in hepatopathic turkeys (8.15±0.44 h) was significantly (p<0.01) longer as compared to healthy turkeys (2.68±0.14 h). 4) The mean AUC value of LVX in hepatopathic turkeys (50.63±6.70mg/L.h) was significantly (p<0.01) increased than healthy turkeys (21.39±1.99 mg/L.h). 5) The mean AUMC value of LVX in hepatopathic turkeys (570.32±156.53mg/L.h) was significantly (p<0.05) increased than healthy turkeys (80.80±11.40 mg/L.h). Pharmacokinetic studies of levofloxacin in healthy & hepatopathic turkeys 6) The MRT of LVX was significantly (p<0.01) longer in hepatopathic turkeys (12.38±0.78 h) to that observed in healthy turkeys (3.68±0.23 h). 7) The mean ClB value of LVX was found to be significantly (p<0.01) lower in hepatopathic turkeys (3.66±0.47 ml/kg/min) as compared to healthy turkeys (8.37±1.06 ml/kg/min). 8) The mean k21 value of LVX was found to be significantly (p<0.05) lower in hepatopathic turkeys (1.95±0.19 h–1) as compared to healthy turkeys (2.90±0.27 h–1). 9) The mean value of T/P ratio of LVX in hepatopathic turkeys (1.71±0.14) was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to healthy turkeys (1.16±0.15). Oral administration: 1) The mean Cpmax of LVX in hepatopathic turkeys (5.95±0.29 μg/ml) was non significantly increased as compared to healthy turkeys (5.34±0.26 μg/ml) and attained Tmax at 2 h in both cases. 2) The tCpther observed in healthy and hepatopathic turkeys were 24 h and 48 h respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies of levofloxacin in healthy & hepatopathic turkeys 3) The mean t1/2β of LVX was significantly (p<0.01) longer in hepatopathic turkeys (11.69±0.24 h) as compared to healthy (6.94±0.21 h). 4) The mean AUMC value of hepatopathic turkeys (957.85±64.20 mg/L.h) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than healthy turkeys (435.10±51.52 mg/L.h). 5) The MRT of LVX was found to be significantly (p<0.01) longer in hepatopathic turkeys (17.47±0.46 h) as compared to healthy turkeys (10.41±0.40 h). 6) The mean ClB value of LVX in hepatopathic turkeys (6.20±0.34 ml/kg/min) was significantly (p<0.01) decreased as compared to healthy turkeys (8.34±0.55 ml/kg/min). 7) The mean Vdarea of LVX in hepatopathic turkeys (6.28±0.38 L/kg) was significantly (p<0.05) increased as compared to healthy turkeys (4.97±0.27 L/kg). CONCLUSION An overallview of result obtained indicated that LVX persisted for longer time in hepatopathic turkeys in case of both i.v. and oral administrations. Based on pharmacokinetic parameters LVX may be given i.v. @5.09 mg/kg body weight at 66.13h interval and orally @12.49mg/kg body weight at 88.16h interval in hepatopathic turkeys.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SELECTED HEAVY METALS RESIDUES IN MILK OF COWS AND BUFFALOES(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2014) Kumari, Sugandha; Roy, B.K.At the present era of globalization environmental pollution especially heavy metals is a major global concern posing serious risk to man and animal health. So, the present study is designed to estimate the levels of Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Mn, Co, Zn and Ni in milk of cows and buffaloes in Ranchi City. 1) Copper: The highest concentration of copper in cow (0.1520±0.0033 mg/L) was observed in milk of Harmu whereas its highest concentrations was recorded in Morabadi of buffalo milk (0.1791±0.0049 mg/L) samples. The average concentration of copper of buffalo milk sample was significantly higher than cow milk sample. 2) Iron: In cow milk samples the iron concentration was highest in Morabadi (11.3618±1.7400 mg/L) whereas lowest concentration was estimated in Ratu (3.2860±0.4500 mg/L). The average concentration of iron in buffalo milk Abstract 2 (7.7815±1.3400 mg/L) samples was recorded highest in Harmu while lowest (2.3860±0.1200 mg/L) in Ratu. The average concentration of iron in cow milk sample was significantly (P<0.01) higher as compare to buffalo milk samples. 3) Cadmium: The Cd concentration was found to be highest in cow milk (0.1340±0.0188 mg/L) samples as well as buffalo milk samples of Morabadi. The Cd was not present in RVC milk sample of buffalo. The average Cd concentration was significantly higher in milk samples of cows as compared to buffalo milk samples. 4) Manganese: The highest concentrations of Mn was found in cows milk (0.1633±0.0237 mg/L) of Morabadi whereas the highest concentrations of Mn in buffaloes milk (0.4955±0.1452 mg/L) was found in Harmu. The average Mn concentration was significantly higher in buffaloes milk as compared to cows milk. 5) Cobalt: In cow milk samples, the highest concentrations of cobalt was observed in RVC (0.0907±0.0156 mg/L) and lowest in Morabadi (0.0058±0.0016 mg/L). The average concentration of cobalt in buffaloes milk samples was also observed highest in RVC (0.1870±0.0268 mg/L) and lowest in Harmu (0.0733±0.0125 mg/L). The average cobalt concentration was significantly higher in buffaloes milk samples as compared to cows milk samples. 6) Lead: The average Pb concentration in cows milk was 0.3913±0.0497 mg/L while the average Pb concentration in buffalo milk was 0.2260±0.0419 mg/L. The average Pb concentration was significantly higher in cow milk (0.03380±0.0207 mg/L) than buffalo milk (0.1272±0.0143 mg/L). 7) Zinc: The Zn concentration was observed highest in Morabadi (0.5033±0.0478 mg/L), in cows milk and the same concentration was (0.7157±0.0289 mg/L) in buffaloes milk. Abstract 3 The average concentration of Zn was significantly (P<0.01) higher in buffaloes milk as compare to cows milk. 8) Nickel: The average concentration of Ni was found to be highest in cows milk (0.3122±0.0233) as compared to buffalo milk (0.2685±0.0212 mg/L) in Harmu. The average concentration of Ni was found to be significantly higher in cows milk as compared to buffaloes milk.