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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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End date: 2013 × Start date: 2013 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME NEWLY INTRODUCED STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME NEWLY INTRODUCED STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME NEWLY INTRODUCED STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME NEWLY INTRODUCED CULTIVARS OF APPLE (MALUS × DOMESTICA BORKH.) UNDER HIGH HILL CONDITIONS OF KINNAUR (H.P). HIGH HILL CONDITIONS OF KINNAUR (H.P).
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2013) SINGH, JAGSIR; THAKUR, B.S.
    ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Studies on the performance of some newly introduced cultivars of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) under high hill conditions of Kinnaur (H.P.)” were carried out to study the performance of 9 apple cultivars at Progeny Cum Demonstration Orchard, Boktu, district Kinnaur for their suitability for commercial cultivation. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with five replications at a spacing of 3 x 3 m during 2011-2012. The observations were recorded on various growth parameters like plant height, plant spread, trunk girth, annual shoot growth, flowering, fruit set, fruit drop, yield and physico-chemical characteristics of fruit. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the cultivars for all the characters under study. Among different cultivars ‘Golden Spur’ recorded maximum increment in trunk girth (17.44 mm). Plant height (4.82 m), plant spread (4.58 m) and tree volume (45.97 m 3 ) was highest in ‘Red Chief’. The varieties namely Gale Gala, Coe Fuji, Red Fuji and Golden Spur had spreading tree habit while others had upright growth. Bud swell was earliest in ‘Golden Spur’ (23-03). The highest fruit set (88.00 %) was in ‘Golden Spur’ and lowest in ‘Oregon Spur-II’ (58.50 %). The spur varieties were early in maturity compared to the non spur varieties. Highest yield was recorded in ‘Oregon Spur-II’ (38.70 kg/tree). The varieties were characterized as dwarf (Scarlet Spur, Super Chief and Oregon Spur-II), semi-vigorous (Gale Gala, Coe Fuji, Red Fuji and Red Chief) and vigorous (Granny Smith and Golden Spur).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IN VITRO SELECTION OF CELL LINES IN Punica granatumL. (DARU) AGAINST BACTERIAL BLIGHT
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2013) GARIMA, KUMARI; KANWAR, KAMLESH
    ABSTRACT The present investigation aims at “In vitro selection of cell lines in Punica granatum L. (Daru) against bacterial blight. Cotyledon and hypocotyl segments of 3 weeks old in vitrogerminated seedlings and mature leaf were used as explants. For leaf explants the sterilization protocol was standardized with 0.2 % bavistin treatment for 10 minutes and 0.5% sodium hypochloride treatment for 5 minutes. Callus induction and plantlet regeneration varied with explant type and growth regulators. The best callus induction medium for all the explants was MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 4.0 mg/l NAA. Hypocotyl and cotyledon were more responsive explant and showed 96.67 and 85.00 per cent callus induction. The best medium for callus differentiation and shoot bud induction fromcotyledon derived callus was MS medium supplemented with BA (2.0 mg/l), Kinetin (1.5 mg/l) and GA 3 (3.0 mg/l), while best medium for shoot bud induction from leafderived callus was MS medium containing BA (2.0 mg/l) and Kinetin (0.5 mg/l). Cotyledon showed better regeneration (81.67 percent) as compared to leaf explant (48.33per cent). No regeneration was observed in hypocotyl derived callus explants. Rooting of in vitro raised shoots was done on half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.04 % charcoal. The well rooted plantlets were acclimatized in autoclaved sand. Cell line selection was done by using bacterial culture filtrate of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae as a selective agent. Resistant lines were selected at 40 per cent level of culture filtrate after two cycles of selection. Multiplication and shoot regeneration from selected calli was obtained on previously standardized medium. Fresh weight of callus increased progressively upto third subculture passage while shoot bud induction from selected calli was observed only after third subculturing. The selected microshoots were rooted on the rooting medium. After in vitro testing of shoots regenerated from selected calli 4 resistant plantlets were obtained.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    In vitro PROPAGATION AND CONSERVATION OF Swertia chirayita
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2013) SHAILJA; KANWAR, KAMLESH
    Abstract A protocol for in vitro propagation and conservation was developed for Swertia chirayita, an endangered medicinal plant. The sterilized explants (leaves) cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA and 3.0 mg/l BA gave best results for in vitro callus induction. Shoot regeneration was obtained from the callus on the same medium. The in vitroshoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.5mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l Kinetin gave best results for in vitro shoot multiplication. The MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA and 3.0 mg/l BA medium was found to be thebest for direct shoot regeneration from in vitroleaves. 80.30% root induction from in vitro grown shoots was obtained on half strength MS medium supplemented with 400 mg/l activated charcoal and 0.1 mg/l NAA. In vitro conservation was carried out by using two different approaches namely slow growth by changing media composition (sucrose and abscisic acid), at low temperature and cryopreservation following vitrification.With increase in concentration of sucrose and ABA decrease in growth of in vitroshoots was observed. No shoot multiplication with average leaf size of 0.35 cm and shoot length 0.67 cm was observed on half MS containing 90 g/l sucrose. Similarily, in case of media containing half strength MS salts and 3.0 mg/l ABA showed no shoot multiplication,0.83 cm average leaf size and 0.83 cm shoot length. At low temperature the in vitro shoots incubated at 4 o C, showed 100% retrieval, with 1.00 cm average number of shoots, 0.86 cm shoot length and 0.34 cm leaf size. In vitro shoots incubated at 10 o C, showed 100% retrieval, with 1.00 cm average number of shoots, 0.76 cm shoot length and 0.23 cm leaf size. During studies the vitrified shoot gave retrieval of 42.33% when precooled at 4 o C while only 22.37% vitrified shoots were retrieved from those precooled at 10 o C.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF GENIC-SSRs IN RASPBERRY (Rubus ellipticusSmith.) AND THEIR TRANSFERABILITY ACROSS RELATED SPECIES
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2013) THAKUR, RASHMI; KAUR, RAJINDER
    ABSTRACT Rubus ellipticus Smith. commonly known as ‘Yellow Himalayan raspberry’ is an important member of Rosaceae family with high medicinal importance having high . In the present study EST-SSR markers were datamined for R. ellipticusand were used for crosstransferability studies. EST sequences of R. ellipticus /Rubus were downloaded from NCBI website (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucest). Seven EST sequences for R.ellipticusand 3184 for other Rubusspecies, R. ulmifoliusand R.idaeuswere obtained. ESTs containing SSR motifs were extracted out using an online tool, SSRIT (www.gramene.org/db/searches/SSRtool). None of the R.ellipticusESTs contained any SSR motif, so EST sequences obtained for R.ulmifoliusand R.idaeuswere used for SSR extraction. SSR primers were designed from the EST-SSR containing sequences using PRIMER 3 software (www.frodo.wimit.edu/primer3/) and 20 primers were custom synthesized. SSR studies was carried out using ten Rubus species (four R. ellipticus collections of different geographical origin, R. ulmifolius, R. hypargyrus, R. panniculata, R.nutans, R.macilentusand R.strigosus). To study polymorphism and transferability among the ten Rubus species, DNA was isolated from young leaves of all the ten species using CTAB method (Doyle and Doyle, 1987). The polymorphism study among ten Rubus accessions was carried out with the 20 custom synthesized Rubus primers. All 20 primers showed amplification, with polymorphism of 98.36%. The transferability studies were also carried out using already used 20 polymorphic peach primers, which had shown transferability of 95% to four genotypes of apple and rose each, all belonging to Rosaceae family. Jaccard’s similarity matrix was developed and dendrogram was generated using NTSYSpc ver.2.02h to establish the percent similarity among the ten Rubus accessions. Two clusters ‘A’ and ‘B’ were obtained. R. strigosusin cluster ‘A’ was found to diverge from rest of the nine accessions, all grouped under cluster ‘B,’ revealing high percentage of variability of R. strigosus from rest of the nine species. Maximum similarity was found between R.ellipticusIII and R.macilentus. Thus EST-SSRs used in the present study revealed a high level of polymorphism in the ten Rubusaccessions. Also interspecific and intergeneric cross transferability was established among these accessions
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF VARIOUS STRAINS OF Agaricus bisporus(Lange) Imbach
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2013) VIJAY, KUMAR; SUMAN, B.C.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of various strains of Agaricus bisporus(Lange) Imbach” was carried out during 2011-2013 in department of plant pathology, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). Ten strains of Agaricus bisporus, including control (U3) were undertaken to characterized, maintain, spawn preparation and production efficiency including other aspects like physiological studies and molecular characterization. Different solid and liquid media were tried for maintaining pure culture of these strains. Malt extract agar medium exhibited maximum mycelium growth rate and therefore was used for maintaining of cultures. The yield studies showed that strain DMRA-7 supported highest average yield followed by strains DMRA-37 and DMRA-102 and also exhibited better quality traits as compared to other strains. All the strains including control (U3) were taken for studying their physiological requirement in detail and four strains including control (U3) with higher production were taken up for molecular characterization . RAPD study revealed that primer OPP-3 and OPP-7 yielded maximum number of bands as compared to other primers. Similarity coefficient obtained from RAPD analysis revealed that similarity among all the selected strains ranged between 45 to 76 percent, with an average of 60 percent similarity. Among various liquid media studied glucose asparagines medium supported maximum average mycelia weight and in case of solid medium, malt extract medium supported maximum average colony diameter. The optimum temperature and pH for growth of different strains including control (U3) were found to be 25 o C and 6.5, respectively. Among carbon and nitrogen sources, best growth of different strains includingcontrol (U3) was recorded on maltose and proline, respectively on liquid as well as on solid media. The strain DMRA-7 can be recommended to mushroom grower for commercial cultivation as is shows superior yield as well as better morphological qualities than other including control (U3).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) GENOTYPES USING RAPD-PCR
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2013) SHARMA, SHUBHANGI; SRIVASTAVA, D.K.
    Abstract The present studies on ‘‘Molecular characterizationof lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genotypes using RAPD” was carried out to study the genetic relationship among various genotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic relationship among different genotypes of lettuce. 25 lettuce genotypes namely 1-(CGN 10944-2), 2-(CGN-14651), 3-(CGN-05169), 4-(UHF-Sel.-07), 5-(CGN 10944-3), 6-(CGN-05198), 7-(UHF-Sel.-03), 8-(CGN-05167), 9-(CGN-20721), 10-(CGN-04987), 11-(CGN 10944-1), 12-(CGN-04990), 13-(CGN-04933), 14-(CGN-04934), 15-(CGN-14629), 16-(UHF-Sel.-04), 17-(UHF-Sel.-04), 18-(CGN-19009), 19-(CGN-09373), 20-(CGN-11358), 21-(Great lakes), 22-(CGN-19088), 23-(CGN-04543), 24-(UHFSel.-01) and 25-(UHF-Sel.-02) were selected for the study. A totalof 45 primers were tried to generate RAPD profile, out of these reproducible patterns were obtained with 22 primers. A total of 87 bands were obtained out of which all were polymorphic and seven primers have shown unique bands with the specific genotypes. The percentage of total polymorphism was 100% in RAPD. Similarity index was computed based on Jacquard coefficient and used for cluster analysis based on UPGMA. RAPD technology could be useful for identification of different accessions as well as accessing the genetic similarity among different genotypes of lettuce.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF Melia compositaWilld.
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2013) SECU, VISAKOLIE; SHAMET, G.S.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on pre-sowing seed treatment on germination and seedling growth of Melia composita Willd” was conducted in nursery and laboratory of the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173230 (HP) during 2011-2012. For experiment the depulped fruits were graded into small (S 1 ), medium (S2 ) and large (S3 ) size on the basis of length and were subjected to nine presowing treatments. Pre-sowing treatment involved both laboratory and nursery experiments laid out in completely randomized design and randomized block design (factorial) respectively, replicated thrice, to determine the most suitable pre-sowing treatments for germination and growth parameters. It was evident that medium sized fruit (S 2 ) excelled all other grades in germinability parameters under laboratory condition. The fruits treated with conc H2SO 4for 20 minutes (T8) registered significantly maximum germination (81.85 %), germination capacity(85.93 %), germination energy (70.37 %) and germination index (4.23) under laboratory condition. Under nursery conditions however, large sized fruit proved to be statistically superior in germination and growth behaviour. The large sized fruit treated with conc H2SO 4 for 20 minutes (S3T8) produced significantly maximum germination (78.89 %), seedling height (135.10 cm), collar diameter (16.52 mm), dry seedling weight (70.05 g), stock quality index (7.37) and survival (73.18 %) in the species. In second experiment the fruits were subjected to four stratification duration and three temperature treatment under nursery conditions in randomized block design (factorial). The experiment revealed that fruits stratified at 0 ± 1 0 C for four weeks (M3D4) produced significantly better germination (67.78 %), seedling height (123.42 cm), collar diameter (16.36 mm), dry seedling weight (61.46 g), stock quality index (6.83) and survival (64.48 %) and hence recommended for production of quality stock in the species.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STANDARDIZATION OF METHOD FOR SEPARATION OF SEEDS FROM APPLE FOR RAISING APPLE ROOTSTOCKS
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2013) SATISH, KUMAR; SHARMA, P.C.
    ABSTRACT Process protocol for mechanical removal of fruit core from apple fruits and separation of seeds from fruit core for raising apple rootstocks was standardized. Fruit maturity characters viz.TSS, firmness, specific gravity etc. were analyzedto ensure use of fruits of seven different cultivars of apple of optimum maturity with good seed health. Fruit dimensions viz. horizontal and vertical fruit diameter, core length as well as core diameter were evaluated for characterizing mechanical device for coring of apple fruits. On the basis of fruit and core dimensions, mechanical corer consisting of coring tube internal diameter 22.1 mm, fruit holding cup and plunger device for moving the coring tube was developed. The coring efficiency of the mechanical apple corer (73.4 kg/h) was found about 5.12 times higher as compared to manual coring method (14.3 kg/h). For softening of fruit core prior to seed separation the suitability of enzymatic pre treatment of pectinase and amylase enzymes was evaluated. Mean core diameter after pectinase enzyme treatment was reduced from 22.1 mm to 17.9- 8.5 mm within a concentration range of 0.1- 1.0 per cent within 24-72 hours indicating good coresoftening. Use of amylase enzyme treatment on the other hand caused only 31.7 per cent reduction in core diameter of apple core. Thus, pre treatment of fruit core by using pectinase (1 %) enzyme for 24 hours was optimized. The softened fruit core was found suitable for passing through the mechanical tomato seed separator for separation of seeds. Various parameters of the mechanical seed separator viz.feed rate of the core, seed damage, seed loss and seed extraction efficiency were analyzed. The average seed extraction rate in mechanical seed separator (311.53 g/h) was found 18 times higher as compared to manual seed separation method (17.28 g/h) with negligible seed damage. The germination potential of the seeds separated through mechanical seed separator was found to be 89.9 % as compared to only 65.3 % germination recorded in seeds separated from apple pomace left after juice extraction. Thus, method of separation of apple seeds canbe adopted by the orchardists as well as fruit processing units to serve the apple industry for raising rootstocks.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIO-EFFICACY OF SOME INSECTICIDES AGAINST GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) ON TOMATO
    (2013) ARVIND, KUMAR; CHANDEL, RPS
    ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Bio-efficacy of some insecticides against greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) on tomato” was carried out during 2010-2012 in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the efficacy of six insecticides namely oxy-demeton methyl, spiromesifen, cyantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, buprofezin and diafenthiuron and two botanicals azadirachtin (Neem Baan 1500 ppm) and dharek extract against first instar nymphs of the greenhouse whitefly, T. vaporariorum. Among chemical insecticides, spiromesifen had the maximum efficacy against the test insect with LC50 value of 2.72 ppm followed by cyantraniliprole (9.80 ppm), diafenthiuron (18.91 ppm), chlorfenapyr (22.63 ppm), buprofezin (31.45 ppm) and oxy-demeton methyl (206.99 ppm). The LC90 values were 13.48, 47.79, 68.41, 85.60, 168.65, and 1148.15 ppm for spiromesifen, cyantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron, buprofezin, and oxy-demeton methyl, respectively. Bio-pesticides, azadirachtin (Neem Baan) and dharek extract resulted in dosage-dependent mortality with LC50 and LC90 values of 4.45 and 27.58 ppm and 2.84 and 8.60 per cent respectively. The field efficacy of six insecticides and two botanicals revealed that cyantraniliprole (0.01%) was most effective in controlling T. vaporariorum followed by chlorofenapyr (0.022%) whereas, spiromesifen (0.0015%) and azadirachtin (0.00045%) were observed least effective. The study on repellency of botanicals revealed that dharek extract at 7 per cent gave highest repellency of crawlers of the whitefly