Thumbnail Image

Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

Browse

201919
Reset filters
Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 19
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT OF CAULIFLOWER THROUGH INNOVATIVE METHODS
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2019-12-13) CHANDEL, SHAVANA; SHARMA, MONICA
    Alternaria leaf spot of cauliflower occurs worldwide but its prevalent is more in subtropical and temperate areas. The disease causes heavy losses to the crop. In the present investigations, periodic surveys were conducted at various locations in Hamirpur, Mandi, Bilaspur, Kangra, Una, Solan and Kullu districts of Himachal Pradesh and disease incidence from 48 to 85 per cent and disease index from 66 to 69 per cent was recorded. In pathogenicity test, incubation period of 72 h was observed with spray inoculation on 35 days old seedlings. For the management of disease, eight different abiotic resistance inducers were evaluated against the disease under pot conditions and it was found that salicyclic acid (20 mM) was found most effective with 33.67 and 54.46 per cent disease reduction in disease incidence and disease index with plant weight 9.5 kg/plant. Out of five aqueous biopesticides tested under in vitro conditions, Eucalyptus sp. and Azadirachta indica was found most effective at 50 per cent concentration with 82.37 and 79.23 per cent mycelial inhibition, respectively. Among five cow-urine based biopesticides evaluated under in vitro conditions, mycelia growth was not observed in cow-urine alone and cow-urine based biopesticide of Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus sp at 10 and 15 per cent concentration. Under pot conditions, out of all biopesticide, Azadirachta indica was found to be most effective. Eight different fungicide were tested under in vitro conditions and it was found that azoxystrobin 25 %, azoxystrobin 20 % + difenconazole 12.5 %, zineb 68 % + hexaconazole 4 %, metiram 55 % + pyraclostrobin 5 %, difenconazole and hexaconazole were found most effective and significantly superior among all the treatments with complete inhibition. Foliar spray with zineb + hexaconazole, hexaconazole and azoxystrobin + difenconazole was observed to manage the disease effectively under pot condition.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON Xanthomonas cucurbitae (EX. BRYAN) VAUTERIN et al. CAUSING BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT OF CUCURBITS
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2019-10-23) KUMARI, SUJATA; JARIAL, KUMUD
    Bacterial leaf spot is emerging as an important bacterial disease of cucurbits especially in bottle gourd, pumpkin and squashes. Bacterial leaf spot was found to occur in moderate to severe form in various locations of three districts viz., Hamirpur, Una and Bilaspur of Himachal Pradesh surveyed during 2018. Magnitude of disease severity ranged from 21.10 to 98.20 per cent in bottle gourd whereas, in case of pumpkin, disease severity ranged from 5.70 to 56.90 per cent. The incidence of the disease on fruits of bottle gourd ranged from 20 to 100 per cent at various locations surveyed, however in pumpkin, no incidence of disease was recorded on fruits. On nutrient sodium chloride agar, colonies of both isolates were yellow in color, mucoid, circular, smooth textured and having a diameter of 2-4 mm. Both the isolates tested positive for Esculin hydrolysis and protein digestion tests and negative for Gram’s staining reaction. Pathogenicity test on leaves of healthy seedlings of bottle gourd and pumpkin resulted in incubation period of 2 and 4 days, respectively. Among various temperature regimes ranging from 15-35°C tested for both isolates, the optimum temperature was observed to be 25 and 30°C for bottle gourd (5.35×107 cfu/ml) and pumpkin (4.15×107 cfu/ml) isolates, respectively. Out of six pH levels ranging from 4.0 – 9.0 tested to see the effect on bacterial growth, the optimum pH for maximum growth of the bacteria was observed to be 6.0 and 7.0 for bottle gourd (44.16×107 cfu/ml) and pumpkin (31.62×107 cfu/ml) isolates, respectively. However, no growth of any of the isolates was recorded at pH 4.0. The bacterium grew best in nutrient glucose broth (9.31×107cfu/ml; bottle gourd isolate), nutrient sodium chloride broth (7.70×107cfu/ml and 7.33×107cfu/ml; bottle gourd and pumpkin isolate) and yeast extract calcium carbonate broth (8.11×107cfu/ml and 10.63×107cfu/ml; bottle gourd and pumpkin). An inoculum density of 108 cfu/ml and syringe inoculation method was found to be best for the artificial inoculation of susceptible plants of bottle gourd and pumpkin. Disease was found to be negatively and significantly correlated with the average temperature and cumulative rainfall whereas positively and significantly correlated with the average relative humidity. Multiple regression equation indicated that 89.27 % and 89.19 % variation in the disease severity of bacterial spot in case of bottle gourd and pumpkin, respectively could be attributed to these three weather parameters under consideration.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PRODUCTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex.Fr.) Sing
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2019-10-23) SHARMA, SHIVANI; JARIAL, R S
    The present investigations entitled “Studies on production and antimicrobial properties of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex.Fr.) Sing’’ was undertaken to evaluate various cultural requirements for the vegetative growth of different strains of V. volvacea, to evaluate different locally available substrates for the production of different strains of V. volvacea and to study antimicrobial properties of different strains of V. volvacea against five human pathogenic bacteria viz., E. Coli, Proteus sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Streptococcus sp. Among five liquid media studied, malt extract was found to be the best medium for the growth of all the strains of V. volvacea both in solid (38.92 mm) as well as liquid (2625.42 mg) phase. Out of five different pH levels evaluated for the growth of different strains of V. volvacea, pH 7.0 (30.75 mm) was observed to be the best pH for the growth of all the strains of the test fungus. Out of five different temperature regimes evaluated, 30°C (41.78 mm) was observed to be the ideal temperature for the growth of V. volvacea. Out of four strains under study DMR-484 was observed to grow best in all the nutrient media (Solid; 41.38 mm and Liquid; 1780.67 mg), different pH levels (29.64 mm) and different temperature regimes (37.00 mm) studied. In production trials, among five different substrates, cotton waste was observed to be the best substrate in terms of spawn run period (8.25 days), time taken for first flush (13.91 days), number of fruit bodies (35.50/bed), yield (472.91 g/Kg) and biological efficiency (15.76%). The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the mycelium of strain DMR-484 were found to have antimicrobial activities against E. coli with average zone of inhibition 10.33 mm and 13.00 mm, respectively. However, mycelia of all other strains were unable to inhibit any of five human pathogenic bacteria under study. Further, it was also found that none of the four fruit body extracts of all the strains under study exhibited antimicrobial activity against any of the human pathogenic bacteria.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INTENSITY, VARIABILITY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CITRUS CANKER IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2019-10-22) KUMAR, DINESH; JARIAL, KUMUD
    The present investigations entitled “Studies on intensity, variability and epidemiology of citrus canker in Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken to record the occurrence of the disease, study physiological and epidemiological variability of pathogen and study the epidemiology of the disease. Citrus canker was prevalent on different Citrus spp. in moderate to severe form at various locations in three districts (Hamirpur, Kangra and Sirmour) surveyed in Himachal Pradesh. Disease incidence was found to be ranging between 40 to 100 per cent whereas, disease severity was found to be ranging between 2.78 to 50.55 per cent. Nine pathogen isolates were collected and purified and were identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri on the basis of cultural characters and various biochemical tests. All the isolates tested positive both for protein digestion as well as esculin hydrolysis and gave negative reaction to Gram’s staining. Out of five different media tested, Wakimoto medium was found to the best medium for the growth of all isolates. Temperature of 25˚C and pH 7.0 was found to be optimum for the growth of all isolates. During pathogenicity test of all isolates under in vitro conditions on Kagzi lime as detached leaf assay, the incubation period and final symptom development was found to be ranging between 3.00 to 5.00 days and 14.00 to 16.00 days, respectively. All the nine isolates produced light yellow, yellow, pale, dark yellow, circular colonies with varied elevation and colony diameter ranging between 1.00 to 6.00mm on various solid media tested. Leaves of all age groups in nursery of K. lime were found to be susceptible towards the pathogen. Among different inoculation methods, pink prick method of inoculation was found to be best with shortest incubation period (4.18 days) under in vitro conditions. A temperature range of 25 to 35˚C and relative humidity more than 80 per cent was found to be optimum for symptom development under in vitro conditions exhibiting incubation periods between 2.00 to 5.00 days. All nine isolates exhibited considerable amount of variability in terms of various cultural and epidemiological traits under study. The periodical investigations of K. lime nursery at College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur revealed that maximum disease incidence (88.45%) and disease severity (15.06%) was recorded during August, 2018 when the mean monthly temperature, relative humidity and cumulative rainfall were 26.54˚C, 76.43 per cent and 407.8 mm, respectively. Disease incidence as well as severity were found to be significantly and positively correlated with mean monthly temperature, average monthly relative humidity and cumulative monthly rainfall and these three factors were found to influence disease incidence and severity up to 91.16 and 79.94 per cent, respectively.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON CULTIVATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Pleurotus SPECIES UNDER SUBTROPICAL ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH (H.P)
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2019-10-22) SHARMA, ANNU; JARIAL, R S
    The present investigations entitled “Studies on cultivation and antimicrobial properties of Pleurotus species under subtropical zone of Himachal Pradesh (H.P)” were undertaken to evaluate different locally available substrates and substrate supplementation for the production of P. florida, P. sajor-caju and P.ostreatus and to study the antimicrobial activities of these Pleurotus species against human pathogenic bacteria.Out of five different substrates tested, paddy straw proved to be the best in minimising time taken for spawn run (8.89 days) and producing maximum number of fruit bodies (52.52) while, wheat straw proved best in terms of maximum average yield (507.33 g/2Kg wet substrate) as well as biological efficiency (84.55 %). Among the three Pleurotus spp., P. florida performed best in terms of yield. Maximum cap diameter (66.59 mm) and stipe length of fruit bodies (23.56 mm) were observed in crop raised on wheat straw and Paddy straw, respectively. However, among three Pleurotus species, maximum cap diameter (57.42 mm) was observed in P. sajor-caju while, maximum stipe length (22.20 mm) was observed in P. florida. Out of eight supplements amended in wheat straw substrate, wheat bran supplemented at the rate of 7 per cent proved best in terms of minimum time taken for spawn run (7.00, 7.33 and 7.33 days, respectively) and maximum yield (554.00, 540.67 and 507 g/2Kg wet substrate, respectively) as well as biological efficiency (92.37, 90.11 and 84.50 %, respectively) for the cultivation of P. florida, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus which was statistically at par with rice bran at the same rate. Antimicrobial properties of different species of Pleurotus were tested by using the aqueous, hot water, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of mycelia, pileus and stipe against human pathogenic bacteria viz., Echerichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Bacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp. Among aqueous extracts, stipe extracts of all the three species were effective in inhibiting the growth of human pathogenic bacteria (9.33 mm), P. sajor-caju being the most effective in terms of inhibiting all the five test bacteria. However, hot water, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of pileus of three Pleurotus spp. were found to be most effective in terms of exhibiting maximum zone of inhibition (8.16, 6.64 and 7.23 mm, respectively). Among the three species, hot water extract of P. ostreatus (3.20 mm) and ethanolic as well as methanolic extracts of P. sajor-caju (2.09 and 4.02 mm, respectively) were most effective against the test bacteria.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON WILT DISEASE OF POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum L.) CAUSED BY C. fimbriata
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) SHARMA, RAJAT; KHOSLA, KISHORE
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON CULTIVATION OF SHIITAKE [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Singer] MUSHROOM
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-10) BHARDWAJ, KUSHAGER; GUPTA, DHARMESH
    ABSTRACT The test fungus Lentinula edodes (OE-388), was evaluated with respect to their cultural requirements and the cultivation aspect. Cultural studies of test fungi were carried out under in vitro conditions. Our findings revealed that average mycelial weight (260 mg/100 ml) of media was recorded highest at pH 6, under in vitro conditions.. The temperature of 25 °C supported maximum mycelial growth whereas 30°C and higher was inhibitory to the growth of L. edodes. In solid media studies maximum radial growth (8.82 cm) was obtained with potato dextrose agar while minimum growth was recorded in Czapek’s Dox agar. Out of different substrates tested for spawn production, wheat grain took minimum number of days for completion of spawn run followed by bajra while saw dust took maximum number of days for spawn development. Among the different substrates tried, the maximum mycelium running rate of 4.08 mm/day was in oak saw dust and minimum of 2.18 mm/day was in wheat straw. Willow saw dust produced the maximum 12 number of average fruit bodies per bag followed by poplar having 11.25. Sugarcane bagasse has lowest number (1.97) of fruiting bodies per bag. Poplar produced maximum of 18.34 g average fruit body weight followed by the willow 14.88g. Minimum average weight of 7.74g was found in the sugarcane bagasse. Maximum Average pileus thickness and diameter was found in willow saw dust and Sugarcane bagasse has maximum stalk length of mushroom ranges from 5.87-6.20. Maximum stalk diameter of 1.19cm was observed in poplar saw dust substrate and stalk diameter ranges between 1.02-1.20 cm. The highest average yield was recorded in willow saw dust (194.16 g) followed by poplar and lowest average yield (30.83) was found in sugarcane bagasse. Among the different supplementations used saw dust with wheat bran and CaCO3 showed highest biological efficiency followed by corn cobs.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE CAUSING DIEBACK AND GUMMOSIS IN MANGO
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) THAKUR, ANKITA; VERMA, SHALINI
    ABSTRACT Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important and esteemed fruit of the tropical and subtropical world and cultivated extensively as a commercial fruit crop in India. Mango is subjected to a number of diseases at all stages of its development from nursery to the consumption of fruits. Among all diseases infecting mango, the mango die back and gummosis is the most severe threat for the mango industry and also for foreign exchange earnings. This disease is incited by number of pathogens but the major causal organism is Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon and Maube with its teleomorphic state Botryosphaeria rhodina. It is a cosmopolitan and diverse species. The micro-organism associated with dieback and gummosis was morphologically and molecularly confirmed as B. theobromae. The pathogenicity test proved Koch’s postulates, showed incubation period of 48 hours and dieback occurred within 10 to 14 days of inoculation. Potato dextrose agar and Czapek’s dox agar media recorded maximum mean diametric growth, maximum mean growth rate, sporulation and pycnidial production. Potato dextrose broth showed maximum mean dry mycelial weight, and good sporulation and pycnidial production. Sucrose and mannitol, recorded best source of carbon while ammonium oxalate was found to be the best source of nitrogen for the growth of B. theobromae. B. theobromae grew between 10 to 40oC, with maximum mean mycelial growth at 40oC, maximum mean growth rate at 15oC and 20oC, and good sporulation and pycnidial production at 30oC. pH 7.0 showed maximum mean diametric growth, pH 7.0 and 7.5 showed maximum mean growth rate, and pH 6.5 showed good pycnidial production. There was no significant effect found of duration of light periods on the fungus growth, sporulation and pycnidial production. At 30oC and 35oC, shortest incubation period (48 hours) was recorded whereas maximum mean rate of lesion development was observed at temperature of 30oC and 25oC. Shortest incubation (29 hours) was observed at 100 per cent relative humidity, while maximum mean rate of lesion development (0.53mm/h) was observed at 98.5 per cent relative humidity. Cannabis leaf extract was found to be most effective giving 20.49 per cent inhibition in the mycelial growth. Carbendazim was found to be most effective, giving 98.75 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth followed by chlorothalonil (95.74 %) and carbendazim + mancozeb (95.37%).