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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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2012 - 201523
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Subject: Microbiology × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 23
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PURIFICATION OF CELLULASE AND HEMICELLULASE PRODUCED FROM POTENTIAL MICROBAIL ISOLATES
    (DR. YASHWNAT SINGH PARMAR UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY NAUNI SOLAN, 2012) DOLMA, SONAM; SHARMA, NIVEDIA
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF POTENTIAL MICROORGANISMS FROM TRADITIONAL FERMENTED FOODS AND TO STUDY THEIR PROBIOTIC ATTRIBUTES
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2014) SHARMA, RANJANA; SHARMA, NIVEDITA
    ABSTRACT The present investigation was carried out to isolate potential microorganisms from different traditional fermented food sources, their screening, characterization on biochemical as well as molecular level and further more to explore their probiotic potential. Total 22 probiotic isolates were isolated from different food sources of Himachal Pradesh. Most of bacterial isolates were found to be gram positive, catalase negative whereas yeast isolates were found to be coccus in shape and were preli minary screened on the basis of antagonism. Among all, 8 isolates viz. A4, L1, L2, M1, S6, A3, I and Y2 were finally screened and were identified as Lactobacillus sp., Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sp., Lactobacillussp., Bacillus licheniformis, Candida sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae respectively by 16S and 5.8S ITS rRNA gene technique. These screened probiotic isolates were further evaluated for their probiotic potential viz. acidity tolerance, bile tolerance, antibiotic susceptibility, autoaggregation capacit y, hydrophobicity, bacteriocinogenicity, compatibility and cumulative probiotic potential. All the eight screened probiotic isolates were found to be highly acidity tolerant strains as they showed survival of75.4 to 99.7% at pH 1.0 for 30 to 90 min and were found to be highly sensitive towards all the antibiotics tested, proving them safe for use. These eight screened probiotic isolates showed good autoaggregation capacity i.e. greater that 40% after 5 h and showed strong hydrophobicity towards xylene with hydrophobicity greater than 40%. These screened probiotic isolates showed broad and strong inhibitory spectrum against both gram-positiveand gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms and their growth phase depicted maximum production of inhibitory metabolites in between the late exponential phase and in the beginning of the stationary phase. Screened probiotic isolates supernatant was found to be sensitive to both proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes as decrease in the zone of inhibition was found. Thus, proving that the supernatant must contain proteins or carbohy drate moieties which help in the inhibitory action of these screened probiotic isolates. The entire screened eight isolates were highly qualified the cumulative probiotic score and are being used to prepare probiotic formulated functional foods viz. soy yogurt and fermented ketchup and are successfully accepted in their sensory evaluation. Hence, this study affirms the use of Lactobacillus sp. A4, P. acidilacticiL1, L. plantarumL2, Lactobacillussp. M1, Lactobacillus sp. S6, B. cereus A3, Candida sp. I and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeY2 in the development of new pharmaceutical and functional foods to impart to betterment of the health of public as these eight strains isolated in the present study have been proved safe as well as highly effective probiotics.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AND EVALUATION OF THEIR BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL AGAINST TOMATO BACTERIAL WILT
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2014) SEHGAL, RUTIKA; SHIRKOT, C.K.
    ABSTRACT Bacteria that colonize plant roots and promote plant growth are referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR are highly diverse and in this study we focus on rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents. Their effects can occur via local antagonism to soilborne pathogens or by induction of systemic resistance against pathogens throughout the entire plant. Several substances produced by antagonistic rhizobacteria have been related to pathogen control and indirect promotion of growth in many plants, such as siderophores, lytic enzymes and antibiotics. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants resembles pathogeninduced systemic acquired resistance (SAR) under conditions where the inducing bacteria and the challenging pathogen remain spatially separated. There is a considerable experimental support for the idea that PGPR may be used as biocontrol agent and biofertilizers to increase the yield of tomato crop with concomitant decrease in the chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Therefore, the aim of this study is to screen the antagonistic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for biocontrol of tomato bacterial wilt with multifarious plant growth promoting traits. The antagonistic bacterial strains were characterized for antagonistic activity along with multifarious plant growth promoting activities like P solubilisation, IAA production, siderophore synthesis, lytic enzyme activity, and ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen under in vitro conditions. Five antagonistic bacterial isolates were tested for biocontrol potential under net house conditions. Isolate CT7A showed maximum reduction of disease incidence. Increase in plant biomass was also observed with the isolate. The isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Therefore, CT7A strain had considerable biocontrol potential as well as growth promotion ability and therefore it could be used as a biocontrol agent against bacterial wilt of tomato.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH MAIZE (Zea maysL.) UNDER LOW HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2014) DHIMAN, MEENAKSHI; KAUSHAL, RAJESH
    ABSTRACT Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used as inoculants for improving the growth and yield of agricultural crops. PGPR are also low cost eco-friendly inoculants for detoxification and bioremediation of soil. The present investigation was carried out during the Kharif seasons of 2013-14 with the objectives to develop a potential bio-inoculum/ bio control agent for maize crop growing in low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The rhizospheric and root samples of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were collected from Hamirpur (31.63˚ N to 76.51˚ E), Bilaspur (31.33˚ N to 76.75˚ E) and Una (31.47˚ N to 76.27˚ E) districts of Himachal Pradesh to isolate an effective inoculums of PGPR with multiple plant growth promoting traits (P-solubilization, N-fixation, IAA, Siderophore, HCN production and antagonism against soil borne pathogens). Five isolates (B1N1, J2, J4, 3M and R6) possesses maximum plant growth promoting traits were selected. On the basis of its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics these five isolates were tentatively identified as Bacillus sp. Seed bacterized with isolate B1N1 showed significant increase in germination, leaf number, shoot length,shoot biomass, root length, root biomass over uninoculated control. The seed inoculated withB1N1 registered significant increase in NPK uptake by 78.22, 74.63, 80.77 per cent, respectively over uninoculated control. These two (B1N1 and J2) potential isolates was also identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus subtilis. Biofertization and bioprotactant potential of selected bacterial isolates paved the way of their use at commercial level to supplement chemical inputs (Fertilizer and fungicide) for enhance production.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens ANDPseudomonas putida ON THE GROWTH OF APPLE IN REPLANT SITE
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2014) SHARMA, PARUL; KAUR, MOHINDER
    ABSTRACT In the present study, isolation and characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. from normal and replant site of was done. The twelve Pseudomonasisolates were screened out for various plant growth promoting activities like siderophore, phosphate solubilization, antifungal activity, plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins), lytic enzymes and production of HCN and ammonia. On the basis of PGPR activities, two isolates (L and M) were genotypically characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. L showed 95% homology with Pseudomonas putida with accession number (KF751235) and M showed 95% homology with Pseudomonas fluorescenswith accession number (KF751236). These two strains along with another Pseudomonas aeruginosa C strain exploited for the management of replant problem of apple in replant site at Maggota and Sharontha (Shimla). Four different antifungal metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate were tentatively identified on thin layer chromatography (TLC) at Rf values 0.6, 0.62, 0.82 and 0.8. Antifungal activities of Pseudomonas sp. help in suppression of plant pathogenic fungus in soil and these may be the reasons of better establishment of apple rootstocks treated with fluorescent Pseudomonas strains. These two L, M and one Pseudomonas aeruginosaC strains used in different liquid formulations to treat apple root stocks before plantation in replant site of orchards at Maggota and Sharontha individually and their consortia for treatment of apple rootstocks before planting. The performance of apple plants was much better in terms of root colonization capacity, plant establishment and increase in plant growth in terms of plant height, number of nodes, chlorophyll content of leaves and NPK of rhizosphere soil over their respective control after fifteen months of plantation. These strains can be further exploited for management of replant problem of apple after conducting few more field trials in replant sites and can have great importance in the field of horticulture.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND TO STUDY THEIR POTENTIAL AS PROBIOTICS
    (2012) HANDA, SHWETA; SHARMA, NIVEDITA
    ABSTRACT The present investigation was carried out to isolate lactic acid bacteria from different food sources including indigenous fermented foods, their screening, characterization on biochemical as well as molecular level and further more to explore their probiotic potential. Total 22 lactic acid bacterial isolates were isolated from different food sources. All isolates were found to be gram positive, catalase negative and were preliminary screened on the basis of antagonism, bile salt tolerance and acidity tolerance. Among all, 6 isolates viz. F3, F8, F11, F14, F18 and F22 were finally screened and were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus sp., Lactobacillus crustorum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbreuckii subsp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus plantarum, respectively by 16S rRNA gene technique. These screened LAB’s were further evaluated for their probiotic potential viz., autoaggregation capacity, hydrophobicity, acidity tolerance, antibiotic susceptibility and cumulative probiotic potential. All the six LAB isolates showed good autoaggregation capacity i.e., greater that 40% after 5h and showed moderate to strong hydrophobicity towards xylene/toluene with hydrophobicity greater than 20%. These six screened LAB’s were found to be highly acidity tolerant strains as they showed survival of 26.4 to 90.4% at pH 1.0 for 3h. All the six isolates were found to be highly sensitive towards all the antibiotics tested, proving them safe for use. These screened LAB’s showed broad and strong inhibitory spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms and their growth phase depicted maximum production of inhibitory metabolites in between the late exponential phase and in the beginning of the stationary phase. Screened LAB’s supernatant was found to be sensitive to both proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes as decrease in the zone of inhibition was found. Thus, proving that the supernatant must contain proteins or carbohydrate moieties which help in the inhibitory action of these screened LAB’s. The entire screened LAB isolates were highly qualified the cumulative probiotic score and are being recommended for their use as commercial probiotics. Hence, this study affirms the use of L. fermentum F3, Lactobacillus sp. F8, L. crustorum F11, L. acidophilus F14, L. delbreuckii subsp. bulgaricus F18 and L. plantarum F22 in the development of new pharmaceutical and functional foods to impart to betterment of the health of public as these six strains isolated in the present study have been proved safe as well as highly effective probiotics.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SELECTED PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
    (2012) KAUNDAL, KIRTI; KAUSHAL, RAJESH
    ABSTRACT Ginger being heavy feeder and exhaustive crop requires large quantities of nutrient elements. Chemical fertilizers besides being costly and also causes degradations both to soil and environment. The nutrient requirements and changing climatic conditions coupled with higher incidence of diseases such as soft rot (Pythium spp.) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium spp.) and pests infestation resulted in sizeable yields loss in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. The use of PGPR to supplement chemical fertilizers and pesticides is a potential alternative but no commercial formulation is available for the crop. So, the present investigations entitled “Effect of selected plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on growth and yield of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)” were carried out during 2009-2011. Rhizosphere and root samples of ginger were collected from major ginger growing area by selecting four locations i.e. Nauni, Kandaghat and Narag, Rajgarh in Solan and Sirmour districts of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 32 isolates were isolated by using modified replica plate method. On the basis of colony morphological similarities seven isolates were selected for screening of possession of multifarious plant growth promoting traits. Among which KK5 isolate possesses maximum plant growth promoting attributes like P-solubilization (86.6%) on PVK solid medium, (202.2 μg/ml) in broth, growth on Jensen’s medium, siderophore production (86.7%), auxin production (29.6 μg/ml), HCN production and antagonism against Pythium spp. (43.2%) and Fusarium spp. (42.5%). On the basis of morphological (Gram +ve rods), physiological (optimum growth at 35 ° C and 7 pH) and biochemical characteristics (Glucose fermentation, production of gelatinase and catalase enzymes) KK5 isolate tentaviley identified as Bacillus spp. Rhizome bacterization with KK5 isolate not only showed significant increase in plant parameters such as shoot length (47.6 % and 38.0%), number of tillers (46.9% and 48.9%), number of leaves (43.1% and 39.7%) and yields (48.3 % and 43.5 %) over C1 (uninoculated absolute control) and C2 (uninoculated fungicide control) treatments, respectively but also increased available N, P and K by 26.5 per cent, 22.9 per cent and 18.8 per cent, respectively over initial contents. On the basis of efficacy i.e. rhizocompetence and plant growth promoting efficiency under net house studies the bacterial isolate KK5 has good potential to be used as biofertilizer or biocontrol agent for ginger production in mid hills conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF ANTIFUNGAL METABOLITES PRODUCING NATIVE STRAINS OF Pseudomonas SPECIES TO OVERCOME REPLANT PROBLEM OF APPLE
    (2012) MEHTA, KALPANA; KAUR, MOHINDER
    ABSTRACT Under the present investigation the aim was to isolate, identify and select native plant beneficial fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. producing antifungal activity from apple growing in normal and replant sites of Shimla district. They all were screened out for the production of other direct and indirect plant growth promoting activities viz; siderophores, HCN, Ammonia, P-solubilizing, lytic enzymes, in vitro and plant growth regulators viz; auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. Molecular technique has been standardized that would be used as a tool to identify, compare and characterize different plant root colonizing plant beneficial Pseudomonas sp. in vitro and in situ. This would be helpful in selecting strain of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates for inoculants culture analysis, rapid differentiation & identification of species, and detection of strain relatedness. For 16S rRNA gene analysis specific primers were used so to find their taxonomic affiliation to fluorescent Pseudomonas group ( sensu stricto) sub group of gamma proteobacteria and to three most potential PGPR bacteria ie P.aeruginosa, P.putida & P.fluorescens. two strains An-6 shr and an-3-cha that were used in field trials showed 96-98% similarity to P.aerugonosa, P.putida and P.fluorescens after performing NCBI BLAST with their 16s rRNA gene sequences. Five different media NB, PPM, 1/5M523, YM and King’s B medium for growth and high production of antifungal activity against five different fungal pathogens. Also time of incubation and temperature of incubation were standardized for mass multiplication of inoculums for field trials. The antifungal metabolites were extracted with benzene and chloroform and were tentatively identified on thin layer chromatography (TLC) at Rf 0.5, 0.5, 0.49 and 0.51. Antifungal activities of Pseudomonas sp. help in suppression of plant pathogenic fungus in soil and these may be the reasons of better establishment of apple seedling treated with fluorescent Pseudomonas strain and results in increase in Pseudomonas count and decreased total rhizobial count. Therefore these strains can be exploited for the management of replant problem of apple. These selected genotypically and phenotypically characterized strains of Pseudomonas sp. which were found to be potent and can have great importance in the field of agriculture, especially in the treatment of apple plants in replant problem area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING POTENTIAL OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA OF CAULIFLOWER
    (2013) DIPTA, BHAWNA; KAUSHAL, RAJESH
    Phosphorus plays an essential role in photosynthesis, respiration, biological N fixation, root development, maturation, flowering, fruiting and seed production. Keeping the importance of P in modern intensive crop production system the present investigations entitled, “Phosphate solubilizing potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria of cauliflower” was carried out during 2010- 2012. An attempt was made to characterize and evaluate the phosphate solubilizing potential of selected four indigenous PGPR viz MK5, MK7, MK9 and VG1of cauliflower isolated from different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh. All the bacterial isolates were able to grow on nutrient agar, Pikovskaya’s medium, nitrogen free media and were screened for various other plant growth promoting traits. All the four isolates were able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate in solid and liquid medium. Out of four isolates, MK5 and VG1 bacterial isolates exhibited maximum concurrent IAA, siderophore, HCN and protease production and antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Pythium ultimum. MK5 isolate showed maximum TCP-solubilization (538.69 μg/ml), maximum viable count (45.67×106) and a drop of 2.59 in final pH followed by RP after 72 h of incubation at 35ºC. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing, MK5 and VG1 were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus safensis. Seed bacterization with MK5 and VG1 isolate+TCP showed significant increase in plant growth parameters, yield of cauliflower and the conjoint application increased significantly NPK content of soil by 21.9, 55.2 and 26.4% and microbial (endophytic and rhizospheric) population over various uninoculated controls. Hence, the inoculation of cauliflower seeds with efficient isolate of PSM not only increase yield and quantity of cauliflower but also improved the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil